BACKGROUND:Exercise has a regulatory effect on intestinal flora and glucose metabolism,but the effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise on intestinal flora and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise on glucose metabolism and intestinal flora in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS:Eleven patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited,among which,two were lost to the follow-up and nine were finally enrolled.High-intensity intermittent exercise intervention was conducted 3 times per week for 6 continuous weeks.Fasting blood and fecal samples were collected before and after the intervention.Glucose metabolism indexes were detected in the blood samples,and intestinal flora was detected in the fecal samples.Changes in glucose metabolism indexes and intestinal flora indexes of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus before and after the intervention were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 6 weeks of high-intensity intermittent exercise intervention,fasting blood glucose and glycosylated serum protein levels in patients were significantly reduced(P<0.05),and fasting insulin,although not significantly changed,was decreased compared with before intervention.Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity(Shannon index),richness(Chao index)and coverage(Coverage index)did not change significantly.Venn diagrams showed that the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,and Fusobacteria in the intestinal flora of the patients increased,and the relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased,and a significant decrease was seen in Ruminococcus_torques and Ruminococcus_gnavus in the Firmicutes,which were both positively correlated with the abnormalities of the glycemic metabolism-related indicators,as well as with other disease development.All these findings indicate that high-intensity intermittent exercise intervention has an improvement effect on the glycemic metabolism-related indexes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and the abundance of beneficial flora in the intestinal tract increases,and the abundance of harmful flora decreased,enhancing the stability of the intestinal flora in patients.

BACKGROUND:Blood flow restriction resistance exercise is an emerging mode of resistance exercise that restricts blood flow at lower loads,achieving effects similar to or even better than high-load exercises.Current research on its specific mechanisms and applications in obesity improvement is still limited.Exploring the potential mechanisms of blood flow restriction resistance exercise and its application in obese populations could provide a novel exercise prescription option for this group.OBJECTIVE:To explore the potential mechanisms of blood flow restriction resistance exercise on obesity-related metabolism by comparing the effect of a single session of traditional resistance exercise and blood flow restriction resistance exercise on serum metabolites in obese young men.METHODS:Twenty-five obese young men underwent a single session of traditional resistance exercise(n=13)or blood flow restriction resistance exercise(n=12).Venous blood samples were collected before exercise,immediately post-exercise,1 hour post-exercise,and 24 hours post-exercise.High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the serum metabolome,focusing on the metabolites of the three major energy substances(carbohydrates,lipids,and amino acids)and related metabolic pathways.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Both resistance exercise and blood flow restriction resistance exercise induced acute changes in the serum metabolomic profile.(2)In the traditional resistance exercise group,two carbohydrate differential metabolites,four lipid differential metabolites,and three amino acid differential metabolites were identified.In the blood flow restriction resistance exercise group,10 lipid differential metabolites and 3 amino acid differential metabolites were discovered.(3)Both traditional resistance exercise and blood flow restriction resistance exercise significantly affected the serum metabolites in obese young men,with the greatest impact observed 1 hour post-exercise.Comparatively,blood flow restriction resistance exercise had a broader and more prolonged effect on the metabolites.(4)Traditional resistance exercise showed a more pronounced regulation of carbohydrate metabolites,particularly in the consumption of D-galactose and glycerol,while blood flow restriction resistance exercise exhibited unique advantages in the regulation of lipid and amino acid metabolites,such as an increase in phospholipids and the potential promotion of fatty acid oxidation via aspartic acid.These differences may be related to inflammation regulation and insulin sensitivity,but further research is needed to verify their clinical significance.

Objective To explore the relationship between physical activity(PA)and blood pressure(BP)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)under different levels of hemoglobin glycosylat-ed index(HGI).Methods Totally 469 T2DM patients(male/female:235/234;those no less than 60 years old/more than 60:169/300)were randomly recruited from a class-2 grade-A hospital for a physi-cal examination and surveyed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ).Then HGI was calculated based on glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)and fasting plasma glucose(FPG),and the correlations of HGI to PA and BP were analyzed.Patients were divided into a low HGI group(L-G,HGI≤-0.13%)and a high HGI group(H-G,HGI>-0.12%)using the median split meth-od,and their differences in BP and PA were analyzed.Moreover,the patients in each group were fur-ther divided into low,moderate,and high PA levels based on the IPAQ,and their differences in BP were compared.Results The systolic and diastolic blood pressures(DBP)were of significantly positive correlation with HGI(P<0.01),while PA was of significantly negative correlation with HGI(P<0.05),without significant association between BP and PA.Moreover,the H-G group had significantly higher BP but significantly lower total PA than the L-G group.In the H-G group,DBP increased sig-nificantly with the increase of PA(P<0.01),while in the L-G group,BP decreased significantly with it(P<0.05).Conclusion HGI is closely related to BP control in T2DM patients,and may play an im-portant mediating role in the regulation of BP by PA.Moreover,patients with low HGI levels can take higher-intensity PA to control BP,while those with high HGI levels should be cautious in choos-ing exercise intensity and avoid high-intensity PA.

Objective To explore the relationship between physical activity(PA)and blood pressure(BP)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)under different levels of hemoglobin glycosylat-ed index(HGI).Methods Totally 469 T2DM patients(male/female:235/234;those no less than 60 years old/more than 60:169/300)were randomly recruited from a class-2 grade-A hospital for a physi-cal examination and surveyed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ).Then HGI was calculated based on glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)and fasting plasma glucose(FPG),and the correlations of HGI to PA and BP were analyzed.Patients were divided into a low HGI group(L-G,HGI≤-0.13%)and a high HGI group(H-G,HGI>-0.12%)using the median split meth-od,and their differences in BP and PA were analyzed.Moreover,the patients in each group were fur-ther divided into low,moderate,and high PA levels based on the IPAQ,and their differences in BP were compared.Results The systolic and diastolic blood pressures(DBP)were of significantly positive correlation with HGI(P<0.01),while PA was of significantly negative correlation with HGI(P<0.05),without significant association between BP and PA.Moreover,the H-G group had significantly higher BP but significantly lower total PA than the L-G group.In the H-G group,DBP increased sig-nificantly with the increase of PA(P<0.01),while in the L-G group,BP decreased significantly with it(P<0.05).Conclusion HGI is closely related to BP control in T2DM patients,and may play an im-portant mediating role in the regulation of BP by PA.Moreover,patients with low HGI levels can take higher-intensity PA to control BP,while those with high HGI levels should be cautious in choos-ing exercise intensity and avoid high-intensity PA.

BACKGROUND:Blood flow restriction resistance exercise is an emerging mode of resistance exercise that restricts blood flow at lower loads,achieving effects similar to or even better than high-load exercises.Current research on its specific mechanisms and applications in obesity improvement is still limited.Exploring the potential mechanisms of blood flow restriction resistance exercise and its application in obese populations could provide a novel exercise prescription option for this group.OBJECTIVE:To explore the potential mechanisms of blood flow restriction resistance exercise on obesity-related metabolism by comparing the effect of a single session of traditional resistance exercise and blood flow restriction resistance exercise on serum metabolites in obese young men.METHODS:Twenty-five obese young men underwent a single session of traditional resistance exercise(n=13)or blood flow restriction resistance exercise(n=12).Venous blood samples were collected before exercise,immediately post-exercise,1 hour post-exercise,and 24 hours post-exercise.High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the serum metabolome,focusing on the metabolites of the three major energy substances(carbohydrates,lipids,and amino acids)and related metabolic pathways.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Both resistance exercise and blood flow restriction resistance exercise induced acute changes in the serum metabolomic profile.(2)In the traditional resistance exercise group,two carbohydrate differential metabolites,four lipid differential metabolites,and three amino acid differential metabolites were identified.In the blood flow restriction resistance exercise group,10 lipid differential metabolites and 3 amino acid differential metabolites were discovered.(3)Both traditional resistance exercise and blood flow restriction resistance exercise significantly affected the serum metabolites in obese young men,with the greatest impact observed 1 hour post-exercise.Comparatively,blood flow restriction resistance exercise had a broader and more prolonged effect on the metabolites.(4)Traditional resistance exercise showed a more pronounced regulation of carbohydrate metabolites,particularly in the consumption of D-galactose and glycerol,while blood flow restriction resistance exercise exhibited unique advantages in the regulation of lipid and amino acid metabolites,such as an increase in phospholipids and the potential promotion of fatty acid oxidation via aspartic acid.These differences may be related to inflammation regulation and insulin sensitivity,but further research is needed to verify their clinical significance.