Objective This study analyzed the chemical structures of two unknown substances in e-liquid using methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),infrared spectroscopy(IR),and mass spectrometry(MS).Methods After separating,purifying,and freeze-drying two suspicious substances from e-liquid,GC-MS analysis was used to obtain the mass spectrum characteristic ion fragments and fragmentation patterns of unknown compounds.The precise mass numbers were measured by high-resolution mass spectrometry,and proton numbers and their assignments,carbon types,and fluorine atom numbers and positions were obtained by combining 1HNMR,13CNMR,and 19FNMR.The functional groups were then analyzed by infrared spectroscopy.Results Through data analysis,the molecular formulas of the two suspicious substances are C13H13FN2O2 and C14H15FN2O2,respectively.Their structures were determined to be etomidate derivatives:1-(o-fluoromethylphenyl)imidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester and 1-(o-fluoromethylphenyl)imidazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester.Conclusion The structural data of two substances obtained in this study in terms of mass spectrometry,nuclear magnetic resonance,and infrared spectroscopy provide support for combating crimes involving the two substances,and provide reference for the regulation and detection of the two drugs.

Objective:To establish innovative teaching reform methods suitable for food-related majors in medical colleges by leveraging virtual simulation experimental technology.Methods:Based on the course construction and application of the national virtual simulation experiment teaching course sharing platform,a comparative study was conducted between traditional teaching and virtual simulation experiment technology teaching for grade 2021 and grade 2022 students majoring in food quality and safety.The differences between the two teaching methods were analyzed by comparing learning performance.Results:A total of 58 food virtual simulation courses covering 107 courses were constructed in the national virtual simulation experiment teaching course sharing platform,which had been widely recognized in university education.Compared with the traditional teaching method,the experimental teaching using virtual simulation technology significantly improved the students'scores in homework assignments,midterm exams,and final exams.Conclusion:The application of virtual simulation experiment technology in the Animal and Plant Quarantine course enhances students'learning performance and strengthens their practical application abilities,which has become an internal driving force to strengthen the construction of professional level.

Objective This study analyzed the chemical structures of two unknown substances in e-liquid using methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),infrared spectroscopy(IR),and mass spectrometry(MS).Methods After separating,purifying,and freeze-drying two suspicious substances from e-liquid,GC-MS analysis was used to obtain the mass spectrum characteristic ion fragments and fragmentation patterns of unknown compounds.The precise mass numbers were measured by high-resolution mass spectrometry,and proton numbers and their assignments,carbon types,and fluorine atom numbers and positions were obtained by combining 1HNMR,13CNMR,and 19FNMR.The functional groups were then analyzed by infrared spectroscopy.Results Through data analysis,the molecular formulas of the two suspicious substances are C13H13FN2O2 and C14H15FN2O2,respectively.Their structures were determined to be etomidate derivatives:1-(o-fluoromethylphenyl)imidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester and 1-(o-fluoromethylphenyl)imidazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester.Conclusion The structural data of two substances obtained in this study in terms of mass spectrometry,nuclear magnetic resonance,and infrared spectroscopy provide support for combating crimes involving the two substances,and provide reference for the regulation and detection of the two drugs.

Objective:To establish innovative teaching reform methods suitable for food-related majors in medical colleges by leveraging virtual simulation experimental technology.Methods:Based on the course construction and application of the national virtual simulation experiment teaching course sharing platform,a comparative study was conducted between traditional teaching and virtual simulation experiment technology teaching for grade 2021 and grade 2022 students majoring in food quality and safety.The differences between the two teaching methods were analyzed by comparing learning performance.Results:A total of 58 food virtual simulation courses covering 107 courses were constructed in the national virtual simulation experiment teaching course sharing platform,which had been widely recognized in university education.Compared with the traditional teaching method,the experimental teaching using virtual simulation technology significantly improved the students'scores in homework assignments,midterm exams,and final exams.Conclusion:The application of virtual simulation experiment technology in the Animal and Plant Quarantine course enhances students'learning performance and strengthens their practical application abilities,which has become an internal driving force to strengthen the construction of professional level.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of constructing automatic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans for cervical cancer based on Pinnacle scripts and to assess the advantages of this method in designing treatment plans for cervical cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted for 40 cases of cervical cancer treated with IMRT in the department of radiation oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University. Among them, the data of 25 cases were employed as a reference for the initialization of objective functions. The scripts for automatic plans were designed in the Pinnacle planning system. For the remaining 15 cases, automatic and manual IMRT plans were designed (also referred to as the automatic planning group and the manual planning group, respectively). The design times of both groups were compared. Furthermore, both the dosimetric parameters of target volumes and the irradiation doses to organs at risk (OARs) were also compared between the two groups using dose-volume histograms.Results:Compared to the manual planning group, the automatic planning group exhibited a statistically significant decrease in the average design time of 32.81 min ( t = -12.91, P < 0.05), a statistically significant increase in the conformity index of the target areas of 0.01 ( t = -0.08, P < 0.05), and a decrease in the uniformity index of the target areas of 0.02. Compared to those of the manual planning group, the bladder′s V40 and V45 and the rectum′s V40 and V45 of the automatic planning group decreased by 6.88%, 4.12%, 9.93%, and 12% on average, respectively ( t = -4.49, -4.46, -3.62, -5.80, P < 0.05). Minimal differences were observed in the V30, V50, and Dmax of the small intestine between both groups, without statistically significant differences in V30 and Dmax ( P > 0.05). Compared to the manual planning group, the automatic planning group displayed decreases in the V45 and Dmeanof the bilateral femoral head of 7.9% and 106.83 cGy, respectively and a decrease in the spinal Dmax of 100.14 cGy, with statistically significant differences ( t = -6.00, -2.52, -2.55, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Automatic IMRT plans for cervical cancer, constructed based on Pinnacle scripts, can significantly reduce irradiation doses to OARs and enhance the efficiency of the plan design while ensuring dose uniformity and conformality of target areas.

Objective:To identify the genetic variation in a mucopolysaccharidosis type Ⅱ(MPS Ⅱ)family, and conduct a functional study of iduronate-2-sulfatase(IDS): c.323A>C.Methods:A five-generation MPS Ⅱ family of 83 individuals including 4 patients from northern China was collected. Urine mucopolysaccharide and Alder-Reilly body were tested to assist the clinical diagnosis of MPS Ⅱ. IDS enzyme activity was detected on core family members. By the whole exome sequencing of a MPS Ⅱ patient in this family and bioinformatics analysis, the variant was screened and further identified by PCR-Sanger sequencing. Finally, to validate the function of the variant in vitro, the wild-type IDS overexpression plasmid(pCMV-hIDS-WT)and the IDS overexpression plasmid carrying the mutation site(pCMV-hIDS-c.323A>C)were transfected into COS-7 cells and the IDS activity was detected. Results:The proband(Ⅳ3)and Ⅳ4 were diagnosed as MPS Ⅱ by urine mucopolysaccharide, Alder-Reilly body, and IDS enzyme activity tests. Ⅳ3, Ⅳ4, Ⅲ19, and Ⅲ32 were determined to carry IDS: c.323A>C missense variant through the whole-exome sequencing, and diagnosed as MPS Ⅱ. Meanwhile, Ⅱ2, Ⅱ4, Ⅱ8, Ⅱ12, Ⅱ14, Ⅲ5, Ⅲ7, Ⅳ14 in the MPS Ⅱ family carried IDS: c.323A>C missense variant, and were excluded as MPS Ⅱ. The in vitro experiment in COS-7 cells showed that the missense mutation led to a significant decrease in IDS enzyme activity. Conclusion:The variant IDS: c.323A>C: p.Y108S significantly decreases the activity of IDS enzyme in vivo and in vitro, and it is identified as a pathogenic variant for MPS Ⅱ.

Sporotrichosis has been classified as "neglected tropical diseases" by the World Health Organization. In recent years, researches on sporotrichosis have gradually increased. This review summarizes recent progress in sporotrichosis in terms of pathogens, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and vaccines.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of conbercept in patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC-CNV).Methods:A retrospective case study was performed.The medical records of 13 patients (14 eyes) diagnosed as chronic CSC-CNV in Hangzhou Branch of Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from September 2015 to January 2018 were collected.All the study eyes received intravitreal injection of conbercept (0.05 ml/0.5 mg) under one intravitreal injection and pro re nata (PRN) treatment.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) before initial injection and 1 week, 1 month, 2, 3 and 6 months after initial injection were measured and analyzed.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki and written informed consent was obtained from each patient before initial injection.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hangzhou Branch of Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (No.2019-029-K-28).Results:During the 6-month follow-up, the mean administration times was 1.93±0.83, and all the CNV secondary to CSC did not grow outside the retinal pigment epithelium layer.The BCVA values before initial injection and 1 week, 1 month, 2, 3 and 6 months after initial injection were 0.51±0.32, 0.43±0.34, 0.36±0.35, 0.31±0.28, 0.27±0.29 and 0.26±0.30, respectively, with a significant difference among different time points ( F=21.225, P<0.05). The BCVA values at each time point after initial injection were significantly better than that before initial injection (all at P<0.05). The CMT values before initial injection and 1 week and 1 month, 2, 3, 6 months after initial injection were (299.07±132.90), (216.50±70.94), (203.00±61.87), (234.29±95.70), (194.21±46.46) and (207.43±55.46) μm, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant among different time points ( F=3.768, P<0.05). The CMT values at each time point after initial injection were significantly better than that before initial injection (all at P<0.05). No severe treatment complications were observed during the follow-up period. Conclusions:Intravitreal injection of conbercept is safe and can effectively reduce the CMT and improve BCVA of chronic CSC-CNV patients in the short term.

Objective:To compare and observe the changes in choroidal thickness between healthy pregnant women and healthy non-pregnant women.Methods:A prospective clinical study. From January 2019 to August 2019, healthy pregnant women (pregnant women group) and healthy non-pregnant women age-matched were enrolled during the same period (the normal group) in the obstetrics of Zhuji People's Hospital. All patients were enrolled with their right eyes. Frequency-domain OCT-enhanced depth imaging technology was used to measure the subfoveal macular and 1000 μm above, below, nasal, and temporal choroidal thickness and foveal retinal thickness (CMT). The choroidal thickness and CMT of the pregnant women group and the normal group were compared by t test, and the choroidal thickness and CMT of the normal group and the eyes of different gestational weeks were compared by one-way analysis of variance. Results:The pregnant women group and the normal group included 161 patients (161 eyes) and 40 patients (40 eyes). According to the different gestational weeks, the pregnant women were divided into the first trimester group, the second trimester group, and the third trimester group, with 47 patients (47 eyes), 66 patients (66 eyes), and 48 patients (48 eyes) respectively. There was no significant difference in age, axial length, intraocular pressure, and CMT between the different gestational week groups and the normal group ( F=1.433, 1.558, 0.416, 2.288; P>0.05). The subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) of the pregnant women group and normal group were 317.7±73.9 μm and 279.7±44.1 μm, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.113, P=0.002). Compared with the normal group, the choroid at the upper, lower, nasal, and temporal sides of the pregnant group 1000 μm from the fovea was thickened. The difference between the upper, nasal and temporal sides was statistically significant ( t=2.699, 3.474, 2.595; P<0.05). The SFCT of the eyes in the first trimester group, the middle group, and the late group were 305.8±72.3, 327.7±69.8, 315.8±80.5 μm, respectively. Compared with the normal group, the difference was statistically significant ( F=4.180, P=0.007). Pairwise comparison between the two groups, the second trimester group was significantly different from the normal group ( P=0.003). There was no significant difference among the first trimester group、the third trimester group and the other groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The choroidal thickness of pregnant women is thicker than normal, and the choroidal thickness in the second trimester reaches the maximum value; while the macular CMT during pregnancy has no significant change.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of gastrodin (Gas) on the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) in mice,and study possible mechanisms.Methods Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group (Sham),HIRI group,gastrodin-treated groups with low and high does (Gas-L,Gas-H,respectively),and cobalt protoporphyrin(CoPP) group(n =8).Mice in Gas-L,Gas-H,and CoPP groups were injected intraperitoneally with individual drugs and dose before operation.Except for Sham group,an 70％ volume HIRI model was established by means of 60 minutes ischemia and then 6 hours reperfusion in the other groups.The levels of serum AST and ALT in each group were compared.The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver tissue were measured;The level of TNF-αt,IL-6,IL-10 and heme oxygenase-I (HO-1) mRNA level were detected by real time quantitative PCR.Liver tissue was stained with H&E.The hepatocyte apoptosis was studied by TUNEL.Results Respectively,the serum ALT level in the HIRI,Gas-L,Gas-H and CoPP groups was (5 057.34±290.80)U/L,(3 917.49±198.10) U/L,(3 645.63± 171.10) U/L,(2 977.78± 179.00) U/L,and the ALT level was (5 871.25 ± 819.01) U/L,(4 660.88 ± 505.96) U/L,(4 182.00 ± 507.51) U/L,(3 788.65±462.14)U/L.The serum level of ALT and AST in Gas-L,Gas-H and CoPP groups was lower than HIRI group (P＜ 0.05).The apoptotic index in Gas-L,Gas-H and CoPP groups respectively was (37.89±4.27)％,(32.59±3.78)％,(20.45-±2.49)％,which was lower than group (58.92±3.32)％ (P＜ 0.05).Compared with HIRI group,the TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA level in Gas-L,Gas-H and CoPP groups were decreased,and the levels of IL-10 and HO-1 mRNA were increased.Simultaneously,the activity of SOD was promoted,whereas the levels of MDA was reduced (P＜0.05).Conclusions Gastrodin shows an protective function aganist liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by inhibiting inflammation,oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.The up-regulation of HO-1 by gastrodin may be the possible mechanism.