BACKGROUND:Current studies have confirmed that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides can promote nerve regeneration in neurodegeneration-related diseases.The occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction,but the role of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on the regulation of apoptosis and mitochondrial function in neurodegenerative diseases is not yet clarified. OBJECTIVE:To explore the regulatory effects and mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS:SH-SY5Y cells were divided into three groups:control group,H2O2 group,and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group.Cells in the control group were normally cultured.Cells in the H2O2 group were treated with 300 μmol/L H2O2 for 24 hours.In the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group,the intervention with 300 μg/L Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides was conducted first for 1-2 hours,followed by the addition of 300 μmol/L H2O2 for 24 hours.The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 kit.Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining kit.The activities of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were detected by malondialdehyde test kit and superoxide dismutase test kit,respectively.The apoptosis and expression of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins were detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group,the mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly reduced,as well as apoptotic rate and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in the H2O2 group(P<0.05).After treatment with Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides,the membrane potential and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly increased,and apoptotic rate and malondialdehyde levels were significantly reduced compared with the H2O2 group(P<0.05).(2)The expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly increased,but the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly decreased in the H2O2 group compared with the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the H2O2 group,the levels of Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly decreased,but the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly increased in the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the control group,the expression of mitochondrial splitting proteins Fis1 and p-Drp1 was significantly increased,but the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins OPA1,Mfn1,and Mfn2 was decreased in the H2O2 group(P<0.05).Compared with the H2O2 group,Fis1 and p-Drp1 expression was significantly reduced,but the expression levels of OPA1,Mfn1,and Mfn2 were significantly increased in the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group(P<0.05).(4)The above results confirm that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides can attenuate H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect of forsythiaside B (FB) against cerebral oxidative stress injury induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Ninety C57BL/6 mice were randomized into sham-operated group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model group, and low-, medium and highdose (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, respectively) FB groups. The expression levels of MDA, ROS, PCO, 8-OHdG, SOD, GSTα4, CAT and GPx in the brain tissue of the mice were detected using commercial kits, and those of AMPK, P-AMPK, DAF-16, FOXO3 and P-FOXO3 were detected with Western blotting. Compound C (CC), an AMPK inhibitor, was used to verify the role of the AMPK pathway in mediating the therapeutic effect of FB. In another 36 C57BL/6 mice randomized into 4 sham-operated group, MCAO model group, FB (40 mg/kg) treatment group, FB+CC (10 mg/kg) treatment group, TTC staining was used to examine the volume of cerebral infarcts, and the levels of ROS and SOD in the brain were detected; the changes in the protein expressions of AMPK, P-AMPK, DAF-16, FOXO3 and P-FOXO3 in the brain tissue were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS: In mice with cerebral IR injury, treatment with FB significantly reduced the levels of ROS, MDA, PCO and 8-OHdG, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSTα4, CAT and GPx, and enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and FOXO3 and DAF-16 protein expression in the brain tissue (P < 0.01). Compared with FB treatment alone, the combined treatment with FB and CC significantly reduced phosphorylation of AMPK and FOXO3, lowered expression of DAF-16 and SOD activity, and increased cerebral infarction volume and ROS level in the brain tissue of the mice (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION FB inhibits oxidative stress injury caused by cerebral I/R in mice possibly by enhancing AMPK phosphorylation, promoting the downstream DAF-16 protein expression and FOXO3 phosphorylation, increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, and reducing ROS level in the brain tissue.
Mice ; Animals ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Antioxidants/metabolism* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Brain Ischemia ; Oxidative Stress ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; Reperfusion Injury ; Reperfusion ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

AIM: To establish individualized drug therapy strategy for patients with rejection and hyperglycemia after liver transplantation. METHODS: Clinical pharmacist collaborated with the surgeons and participated in the diagnosis and treatment of rejection and hyperglycemia after liver transplantation. Taking together liver function, therapeutic drug monitoring, drug-drug interactions between tacrolimus and wuzhi capsule, individualized drug therapy was adapted to improve the prognosis. RESULTS: The patient recovered well and survived in good health till now. CONCLUSION: It is highly suggested that clinical pharmacists actively involved in treatment of more severe and difficult-to-treat disease and design the individualized dosing regimens. This will largely contribute in reduced adverse drug reaction, improved safety and effectiveness in drug use as well as the quality of life in the "post-transplantation era".

Objective To understand the current status of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) among inpatients in medical institutions of Wuhan, and to provide a scientific basis for improving the management of healthcare-associated infections. Methods A combined method of bedside investigation and case review of the patients’ medical records were used to investigate all hospitalized patients in 31 hospitals. Results A total of 42 429 inpatients were investigated, of whom 938 had HAI (2.21%), and 7 561 had community-associated infection (CAI, 17.82%). The top three departments with the highest prevalence rate of HAI were ICU (17.95%), hematology (8.49%), and neurosurgery (6.57%), while the top three departments with the highest prevalence rate of CAI were burns (75.00%), pediatric non-neonatal group (70.26%) and respiratory department (67.53%). Both healthcare-associated infections and community infections were mainly in the lower respiratory tract, which accounted for 47.33% and 53.00%, respectively. The main pathogens of both HAI and CAI were Gram-negative bacteria, which accounted for 65.03% and 57.73%, respectively. The use rate of antimicrobial drugs was 31.74%, and the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria before antimicrobial treatment was 55.77%. The three departments with the highest rates of the use of antibacterial drugs were the pediatric non-neonatal group (78.20%), the department of burns (75.00%) and the department of urology (73.24%). Conclusion ICU, hematology department, and neurosurgery department were high-risk departments for healthcare-associated infections. Pediatrics, burns, and urology departments were the departments with high use of antibacterial drugs. The pathogenic bacterial detection rate has declined, which needs to be strengthened.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of microRNA-29b(miR-29b)for left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH)in elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods:From January 2015 to December 2018, 140 elderly patients with CHD admitted in our hospital were enrolled, including 70 CHD patients without LVH(the NLVH group)and 70 CHD patients with LVH(the LVH group). Seventy healthy elderly adults without CHD who underwent heart examination at our hospital during the same period were included as the control group.The interventricular septum thickness(IVSD), left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LVPWD) and the relative expression level of microRNA-29b were detected and compared among the three groups.The correlation of microRNA-29b with IVSD and LVPWD was analyzed, and the diagnostic value of microRNA-29b for LVH in elderly CHD patients was analyzed.Results:There were significant differences in IVSD, LVPWD and the relative expression level of microRNA-29b among the three groups( F=22.838, 22.147 and 114.096, all P=0.000). The IVSD, LVPWD and the relative expression level of microRNA-29b were higher in the LVH group than in the NLVH group( t=3.479, 3.206 and 9.852, all P=0.000)and than in the control group( t=3.904, 3.553 and 10.792, all P=0.000). The relative expression level of microRNA-29b was higher in the NLVH group than in the control group( t=2.306, P=0.420). The receiver-operating characteristics(ROC)curve analysis of microRNA-29b for the diagnosis of LVH in elderly CHD patients showed that the maximum entry point of Youden index was 0.80, the optimal critical value was 3.52, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of LVH was 91.73% and 88.27%.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression level of microRNA-29b was positively correlated with IVSD and LVPWD( r=0.63 and 0.61, P=0.000). Conclusions:The expression level of microRNA-29b is significantly increased in elderly CHD patients with LVH, and positively correlated with IVSD and LVPWD.The expression level of microRNA-29b has high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of LVH in elderly CHD patients.

Objective Recent studies suggest that mutation of the slow delayed rectitier potassium channel [I(Ks)] contributes to familial atrial fibrillation (FAF).In the current study,we explored the potential association between KCNQ1 polymorphism with lone AF (LAF).Methods Clinical data and blood samples were collected from 95 Han Chinese patients with LAF and matched healthy controls.Variants of the KCNQ1 gene were identified using single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis.A casecontrol association study in KCNQ1 identified four known single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) during SSCP sereening of the 95 LAF patients and 190 healthy controls.Results Three new variations were identified in KCNQ1 from 95 sporadic LAF including 1 in 5'UTR(c.-22T ＞ C),1 in exon9 synonymous mutation (c.1008C ＞ T) and 1 in intron region (c.1590 + 31A ＞ T).These variations were heterozygous and not presented in 190 healthy controls.Highly significant difference was detected between LAF group and control groups in rs760419 polymorphism.Logistic regression revealed that rs760419 was independent risk factor for LAF (OR =2.056,P =0.001).Conclusions KCNQ1 mutation is associated with LAF and rs760419 polymorphism is a susceptible marker for LAF.

OBJECTIVETo assess the optimal configuration of double-screw fixation for subtalar arthrodesis using finite element analysis.

METHODSThree-dimensional finite element double-screw models of subtalar arthrodesis were reconstructed using Mimics 13.0, Geomagic 10.0 and solid works software based on the 3-D images of the volunteer's right foot. The external and internal rotation torques of 4 N·m were applied, and the micromotion at the bone-to-bone interface were measured to evaluate the initial stability of subtalar arthrodesis.

RESULTSA neck screw plus an anterolateral dome screw was the most stable model. The peak micromotion at the fusion site of this fixation configuration were 41.67mnplus;0.49 and 42.64mnplus;0.75 µm in response to the respectively. A neck screw plus a posteromedial dome screw was the least stable model, with peak micromotion at the bone-to-bone interface of 61.76mnplus;1.00 and 62.32mnplus;0.90 µm, respectively.

CONCLUSIONA neck screw plus an anterolateral dome screw is the best fixation configuration while a neck screw plus a posteromedial screw provides the least stability of subtalar arthrodesis. Three-dimensional finite element models allow effective preoperative planning of the screw number and placement.

Adult ; Ankle ; diagnostic imaging ; Arthrodesis ; methods ; Bone Screws ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Internal Fixators ; Models, Anatomic ; Software ; Subtalar Joint ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To systematically review the existing evidence about the effect of medial and lateral (crossed) entry pins versus only lateral entry pin fixation on the supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children.Methods Eligible studies were identified in Cochrane library,the Cochrane Bone,Joint and Muscle Trauma Group (till March 2011 ),Medline (from 1966 to March 2011 ),EMbase (from 1966 to 2011 ),CBM (from January 1979 to March 2011 ),PubMed,Wanfang Data (from 2000 to March 2011 ) and CNKI and the references of the included studies and several Chinese orthopedic journals were manually searched.Then,the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized controlled trials (CCTs) about two entries (crossed and only lateral pinning) for supracondylar fractures of humerus in children were collected.After evaluation of methodology with the enrolled studies,available data was extracted and systematic review was conducted via the method recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration.Results In total,five RCTs involving 311 patients were involved.Compared with the preoperative data,the meta-analysis results showed no significant difference in reduction stability in terms of change in Baumann angle and Carrying angle between the two groups.For the postoperative function outcome including complete reduction,Flynn grade and full return to function,no significant difference was found between the two groups.For the postoperative complications,there was no difference in the infection of pin tract,though lateral entry resulted in a significant lower incidence of the iatrogenic nerve injury compared with the medial and lateral entry.Conclusions With the Kirschner wire fixation for supracondylar fractures of humerus in children,current existing evidences indicate that the lateral entry of pinning has similar results in reduction stability,function outcome and incidence of pin tract infection compared with medial and lateral entry.Nevertheless,lateral entry,as a safe pinning technique,may effectively decrease the risk of iatrogenic nerve injury

Objective To establish a cosmetic medicine bio-psycho-social model and its theory frame and a new clinical work system. Methods The clinical observation and clustering analysis were used in this study, which based on the modern medicine patterns to carry on the logical proof, theory derivation and systematic design. Results The bio-psycho-social model of cosmetic me dicine with combination of the theory and practice was established, including its concept, theory constitution and clinical work system. Conclusion The bio-psycho-social model of cosmetic medicine can most scientifically and comprehensively explain this discipline rule and clinical work, and it will bring the profound influence on the development of the theory and practice in cosmetic medicine.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the expression of heat shock protein in child asthma patient and investigate the risk factors of child's asthma. MethodPatients with clinical data of pediatric asthma history from outpatients department in Wuhan fifth hospital and follow up data were selected. The analysis of interrelated element was used with conditional logistic regression. ResultThe result of logistic analysis demonstrated that asthma was related with these risk factors, including history of upper respiratory infection, changes of weather, individual history of sensitive disease, family history of sensitive disease and heat shock protein. Fierce sports, factors of diet, passive smoking, and etc. Were not related to the degree of danger of asthma in this study. ConclusionHistory of upper respiratory infection, changeable weather, individual history of sensitive disease, family history of sensitive disease and heat shock protein were related with the degree of asthma. It should be helpful to treat asthma with continued propagation and education to advocate standardized treatment.