ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of research and evidence related to antihypertensive Chinese patent medicines combined with western medicines for the treatment of hypertension， synthesize and update the evidence， form expert consensus， and provide evidence for clinical decision-making. MethodThe databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， WanFang Data Knowledge Service Platform （WanFang）， Vip Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database （VIP）， Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System （Sinomed）， National Library of Medicine （PubMed）， Cochrane Library， Web of Science， and US Clinical Trials Registry were searched for randomized controlled trials of antihypertensive Chinese medicine combined with western medicine for the treatment of hypertension from database construction to July 31， 2022. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the bias risk assessment tool in Cochrane Handbook 6.3. Evidence synthesis of main outcome indicators was performed using R software. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development， and Evaluation profiler （GRADEprofiler） 3.6 was employed to evaluate the quality of evidence. Expert consensus was formed based on the Delphi method after two rounds of voting. Result64 pieces of literature were included， and the results of literature quality evaluation and risk of bias showed that 70.31% （45/64） of the studies indicated some risks， and 29.69% （19/64） indicated high risks. Compared with conventional western medicines， the combination of Chinese patent medicines with western medicines can significantly lower systolic pressure （SBP） and diastolic pressure （DBP）， increase the effective rate of antihypertensive， reduce the incidence of adverse reactions， endothelin-1， and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores. Egger's test showed that Songling Xuemaikang capsules reduced SBP and DBP. Tianma Gouteng granules reduced SBP and DBP and increased the effective rate of antihypertensive， and Xinmaitong capsules reduced SBP and increased the effective rate of antihypertensive， without significant publication bias. Songling Xuemaikang capsules increased the effective rate of antihypertensive， and Xinmaitong capsules decreased DBP， with significant publication bias. The results of the GRADE evidence quality evaluation showed that most evidence was at grades B and C. Finally， four strong recommendations and 14 weak recommendations were formed. ConclusionCompared with conventional western medicines for the treatment of hypertension， antihypertensive Chinese patent medicines combined with western medicines have advantages in reducing blood pressure and improving drug use safety， but they are mostly weak recommendations in terms of efficacy， and more high-quality evidence is needed.

ObjectiveTo systematically collect， analyze， and evaluate the randomized controlled trials （RCT） of Chinese patent medicine combined with western medicine in the treatment of hypertension， map the evidence， and provide reference for the future clinical research and formulation of guidelines and policies. MethodThe relevant articles were retrieved from China Biology Medicine disc， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP， Wanfang Data， PubMed， Embase， and Cochrane Library with the time interval from inception to December 31， 2022. The RCT of Chinese patent medicines combined with western medicine in the treatment of hypertension were included. The research characteristics and methodological quality were analyzed and evaluated. ResultA total of 330 RCTs of treating hypertension with Chinese patent medicines combined with Western medicine were included in this study， all of which were published in Chinese. These RCTs involved 88 Chinese patent medicines and 37 788 patients， and 46% of RCT had the sample size ≥100 patients. Eighty-seven percent of RCT showed the study period within 3 months. All the interventions in the RCTs were Chinese patent medicine + western medicine vs western medicine. Among the evaluation indicators， blood pressure， response rate， TCM syndrome score， endothelial cell function， and safety were mainly concerned. In terms of methodological quality， most articles did not mention the generation of random sequences， allocation concealment， or blinding method. The blinding evaluation of outcomes showed low risks of bias， and there was insufficient information to judge whether there was selective bias or other bias. ConclusionThere were many Chinese patent medicines used in combination with western medicine in the treatment of hypertension， and they were mainly taken orally. The existing RCT had problems such as small sample size， unclear clinical value positioning， imperfect design failing to reflect the value of Chinese patent medicines， unreasonable measurement indicators， and non-standard measurement methods. Future research should solve the above problems， improve the research quality， value， and authenticity， and enhance the reliability and extension of evidence.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Danmu Extract Syrup (DMS) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and explore the mechanism. METHODS: Seventy-two male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 6 groups according to a random number table (n=12), including control (normal saline), LPS (5 mg/kg), LPS+DMS 2.5 mL/kg, LPS+DMS 5 mL/kg, LPS+DMS 10 mL/kg, and LPS+Dexamethasone (DXM, 5 mg/kg) groups. After pretreatment with DMS and DXM, the ALI mice model was induced by LPS, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected to determine protein concentration, cell counts and inflammatory cytokines. The lung tissues of mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of lung tissue was calculated. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 β in BALF of mice were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of Claudin-5, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phospho-protein kinase B (p-Akt) and Akt were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: DMS pre-treatment significantly ameliorated lung histopathological changes. Compared with the LPS group, the W/D ratio and protein contents in BALF were obviously reduced after DMS pretreatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The number of cells in BALF and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity decreased significantly after DMS pretreatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). DMS pre-treatment decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 β (P<0.01). Meanwhile, DMS activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway and reversed the expressions of Claudin-5, VE-cadherin and VEGF (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS DMS attenuated LPS-induced ALI in mice through repairing endothelial barrier. It might be a potential therapeutic drug for LPS-induced lung injury.
Mice ; Male ; Animals ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Claudin-5/metabolism* ; Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced* ; Lung/pathology* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of recombinant human anti-severe acute respiratory syn-drome coronavirus 2(anti-SARS-CoV-2)monoclonal antibody injection(F61 injection)in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)combined with renal damage.Methods Patients with COVID-19 and renal damage who visited the PLA General Hospital from January to February 2023 were selected.Subjects were randomly divided into two groups.Control group was treated with conventional anti-COVID-19 therapy,while trial group was treated with conventional anti-COVID-19 therapy combined with F61 injection.A 15-day follow-up was conducted after drug administration.Clinical symptoms,laboratory tests,electrocardiogram,and chest CT of pa-tients were performed to analyze the efficacy and safety of F61 injection.Results Twelve subjects(7 in trial group and 5 in control group)were included in study.Neither group had any clinical progression or death cases.The ave-rage time for negative conversion of nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 in control group and trial group were 3.2 days and 1.57 days(P=0.046),respectively.The scores of COVID-19 related target symptom in the trial group on the 3rd and 5th day after medication were both lower than those of the control group(both P＜0.05).According to the clinical staging and World Health Organization 10-point graded disease progression scale,both groups of subjects improved but didn't show statistical differences(P＞0.05).For safety,trial group didn't present any infusion-re-lated adverse event.Subjects in both groups demonstrated varying degrees of elevated blood glucose,elevated urine glucose,elevated urobilinogen,positive urine casts,and cardiac arrhythmia,but the differences were not statistica-lly significant(all P＞0.05).Conclusion F61 injection has initially demonstrated safety and clinical benefit in trea-ting patients with COVID-19 combined with renal damage.As the domestically produced drug,it has good clinical accessibility and may provide more options for clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the impact of propofol(Pro)on high glucose(HG)-induced myocardial cell injury through autophagy mediated by forkhead box O1(Fox O1)/thioredoxininteracting protein(TXNIP)signaling pathway.Methods H9c2 cells were divided into blank group(5.5 mmol·L-1 glucose),high glucose(HG)group(30 mmol·L-1 glucose),HG+Pro group(30 mmol·L-1 glucose+25 μmol·L-1 Pro),HG+Pro+negative control(OE NC)group(first transfected with OE NC,then treated with 30 mmol·L-1 glucose+25 μmol·L-1 Pro),HG+Pro+Fox O1 overexpression plasmid(Fox O1-OE)group(first transfected with Fox O1-OE,then treated with 30 mmol·L-1 glucose+25 μmol·L-1 Pro).Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method,TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)method,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),transmission electron microscope and Western blot were applied to detect the cell survival rate,apoptosis rate,superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the supernatant,and the changes in Autophagosome,Fox O1/TXNIP and autophagy protein expression levels.Results The cell viabilities of blank group,HG group,HG+Pro group,HG+Pro+OE NC group and HG+Pro+Fox O1-OE group were(100.00±0.00)％,(48.15±4.82)％,(79.66±7.98)％,(78.89±7.91)％and(49.22±4.93)％,respectively;the apoptosis rates were(12.04±1.21)％,(42.34±4.25)％,(26.22±2.63)％,(27.02±2.71)％,(38.29±3.86)％,respectively;SOD levels were(62.24±6.25),(28.21±2.85),(55.37±5.58),(55.09±5.53),(30.66±3.08)U·mg-1 pro,respectively;MDA levels were(0.38±0.04),(1.43±0.15),(0.67±0.07),(0.72±0.08)and(1.34±0.14)U·mg-1 pro,respectively;the number of autophagosomes was 6.24±0.63,13.05±1.32,8.31±0.84,8.55±0.86 and 12.22±1.23,respectively;phosphorylated Fox O1(p-Fox O1)/Fox O1 ratios were expressed as 0.34±0.04,0.86±0.09,0.48±0.05,0.43±0.05 and 0.74±0.08;TXNIP were expressed as 0.24±0.03,0.62±0.08,0.38±0.04,0.36±0.04 and 0.58±0.06;Bcelin-1 were expressed as 1.12±0.12,0.53±0.06,1.02±0.11,1.05±0.11 and 0.62±0.07;p62 were expressed as 0.56±0.06,1.56±0.16,0.82±0.09,0.86±0.09 and 1.44±0.15;there were statistical differences in the above indexes between HG group and blank group,HG+Pro group and HG group,HG+Pro+Fox O1-OE group and HG+Pro+OE NC group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Pro inhibits autophagy by inhibiting Fox O1/TXNIP signaling pathway,and improves HG-induced myocardial cell injury.

Objective To explore the correlation between lung injury and human neutrophil lipocalin(HNL)in rats with sepsis.Methods 45 rats were randomly divided into a control group,a sham group,and a model group.The model group was to construct a rat sepsis lung injury model,the sham group was to free cecum laparotomy and then close abdomen without ligation and puncture,and the control group was with healthy rats.Serum interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-α),and HNL in each group of rats were detected with reagent kit.Oxygenation index was detected by blood gas analysis system.Lung wet/dry(W/D)ratio was calculated.Patho-logical morphology of lung tissue was observed by HE staining,and lung injury score was calculated.Results There were no significant differences in IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,HNL levels,oxygenation index,lung tissue wet/dry ratio,and lung injury score between the control group and the sham group at 12,24 and 36 hours(all P＞0.05).Compared with the sham group,IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,HNL levels,oxygenation index,lung tissue wet/dry ratio,and lung injury score in the model group increased at 12,24 and 36 hours,with significant differences(all P＜0.05).At 12,24 and 36 hours,lung tissue structure of rats was normal in the control group,with no edema ob-served;there were only a few inflammatory cells in the lung tissue of rats from the sham group;while in the model group,lung tissue structure of rats was severely injured,pulmonary alveoli collapsed,and inflammatory cells were severely infiltrated,but pathology improved with time.In rats with sepsis and lung injury,HNL was positively cor-related with IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,lung wet/dry ratio,and lung injury scores(all P＜0.05),while negatively corre-lated with oxygenation index(P＜0.05).Conclusion In rats with sepsis lung injury,HNL increases significantly,with severe inflammation and aggravation in lung tissue wet/dry ratio and lung injury,while oxygenation index de-creases.HNL level is positively correlated with IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α levels,lung tissue wet/dry ratio and lung inju-ry,but negatively correlates with oxygenation index.

H9N2 is a low-pathogenic avian influenza subtype that has a significant impact on the global poultry industry.Since 1994,H9N2 has continuously mutated as a zoonotic pathogen in China,thus posing a severe threat to the poultry indus-try as well as human life and health.In particular,gene rearrangements and recombinations between H9N2 and other influenza viruses have increased the likelihood of avian influenza viruses crossing species barriers and infecting humans and other mam-mals,thereby posing new threats to global public health.Therefore,this article aims to provide a brief discussion of the epide-miology and vaccine research progress related to the H9N2 virus,serving as a valuable resource for safeguarding the economy of the poultry industry and global public health security.

OBJECTIVE: To detect the body surface temperature of the relevant back-shu points in patients with chronic persistent asthma by infrared thermal imaging technology, and observe the specific changes of the body surface temperature of the relevant back-shu points under the condition of lung disease. METHODS: Forty-five patients with chronic persistent asthma (observation group) and 45 healthy subjects (control group) were selected. The body surface temperature of bilateral Feishu (BL 13), Geshu (BL 17), Pishu (BL 20) and Shenshu (BL 23) were measured by BK-MT02A medical infrared thermography. RESULTS: The body surface temperature of bilateral Feishu (BL 13), Geshu (BL 17), Pishu (BL 20) and Shenshu (BL 23) in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The body surface temperature of bilateral Feishu (BL 13) and Geshu (BL 17) was higher than that of ipsilateral Pishu (BL 20) and Shenshu (BL 23) in the two groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in body surface temperature between ipsilateral Feishu (BL 13) and Geshu (BL 17), between ipsilateral Pishu (BL 20) and Shenshu (BL 23) (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The pathological increase of body surface temperature of Feishu (BL 13), Geshu (BL 17), Pishu (BL 20) and Shenshu (BL 23) in patients with chronic persistent asthma indicates that above acupoints have specificity in reflecting lung diseases. The Feishu (BL 13) and Geshu (BL 17), which have significantly increased body surface temperature, not only provide objective basis for the pathological pathogenesis of "deficiency in origin and excess in symptom" in patients with chronic persistent asthma, but also reflect the different expressions of different acupoints on the same meridian for the lung diseases.
Humans ; Temperature ; Asthma/diagnostic imaging* ; Meridians ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods*

This study aimed to explore the intervention effect of Chuanxiong-Chishao herb pair(CX-CS) on a myocardial infarction-atherosclerosis(MI-AS) mouse model and investigate its effect on the expression profile of circular RNAs(circRNAs)/long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) in ischemic myocardium and aorta. Sixty male ApoE~(-/-) mice were randomly assigned to a model group, high-, medium-, and low-dose CX-CS groups(7.8, 3.9, and 1.95 g·kg~(-1)), and a positive drug group(metoprolol 26 mg·kg~(-1) and simvastatin 5.2 mg·kg~(-1)), with 12 mice in each group. Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the sham group. The mice in the model group and the groups with drug intervention were fed on a high-fat diet for 10 weeks, followed by anterior descending coronary artery ligation. After that, the mice were fed on a high-fat diet for another two weeks to induce the MI-AS model. The mice in the sham group received normal feed, followed by sham surgery without coronary artery ligation. Mice in the groups with drug intervention received CX-CS or positive drug by gavage for four weeks from the 9th week of high-fat feeding, and those in the model group and the sham group received an equal volume of normal saline. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on the heart and aorta tissues of the medium-dose CX-CS group, the model group, and the sham group after administration. The results showed that the medium-and high-dose CX-CS groups showed improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibrosis area, and the medium-dose CX-CS group showed significantly reduced plaque area. CX-CS treatment could reverse the expression of circRNA＿07227 and circRNA＿11464 in the aorta of AS model and circRNA expression(such as circRNA＿11505) in the heart of the MI model. Differentially expressed circRNAs between the CX-CS-treated mice and the model mice were mainly enriched in lipid synthesis, lipid metabolism, lipid transport, inflammation, and angiogenesis in the aorta, and in angiogenesis, blood pressure regulation, and other processes in the heart. CX-CS treatment could reverse the expression of lncRNAs such as ENSMUST00000162209 in the aorta of the AS model and TCONS＿00002123 in the heart of the MI model. Differentially expressed lncRNAs between the CX-CS-treated mice and model mice were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, autophagy, apoptosis, and iron death in the aorta, and in angiogenesis, autophagy, and iron death in the heart. In summary, CX-CS can regulate the expression of a variety of circRNAs and lncRNAs, and its intervention mechanism in coronary heart disease may be related to the regulation of angiogenesis and inflammation in ischemic myocardium, as well as lipid metabolism, lipid transport, inflammation, angiogenesis in AS aorta.
Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Atherosclerosis/genetics* ; Lipids ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Myocardial Infarction/genetics* ; RNA, Circular/genetics* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics*

With the growing demand of personalized medicine for children, it is especially important to develop medicines for children. In this study, using metoprolol tartrate as model drug, we developed 3D printed chewable tablets suitable for children with automated dosage distribution using semi-solid extruded (SSE) 3D printing technology. Based on the quality by design concept, this study prepared a semi-solid material with good printability using gelatin as the substrate, constructed 3D models and printed tablets with the aid of computer-aided design. The printing parameters were optimized and determined as follows: print temperature of 35-37 ℃, print speed of 25 mm·s^-1, fill rate of 15%, and number of outer profile layers of 2. Subsequently, the printing process and the quality uniformity of the tablets were verified, and a linear relationship between the dose and the number of model layers was obtained. Finally, 3D printed chewable tablets were superior in terms of appearance, dose accuracy and compliance compared with traditional split-dose commercially available tablets. In this study, 3D printed metoprolol tartrate chewable tablets with good performance were successfully prepared to address the personalized medication needs of pediatric patients.