ObjectiveTo study the chemical constituents of Painong powder and the constituents absorbed into blood after oral administration to rats by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）. MethodsUPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was employed for mass spectrometry data acquisition. The chemical constituents of Painong Powder and the constituents absorbed into blood were characterized and identified via Xcalibur 4.2 and Compound Discoverer v3.3.1 （CD） based on retention time， accurate molecular weights， secondary fragmentation ions， and comparison with reference standards and literature reports. ResultsA total of 176 chemical compounds， including 56 flavonoids， 42 triterpenoid saponins， 23 monoterpenes， 7 coumarins， 5 tannins， and other 43 compounds were identified from Painong powder. 49 components were identified in the rat plasma after oral administration of Painong powder， including 33 prototype constituents and 16 metabolites. The major metabolic pathways included hydrolysis in phase Ⅰ metabolic reactions， as well as methylation， sulfation， and glucuronidation in phase Ⅱ metabolic reaction. ConclusionThe method comprehensively identified the chemical constituents of Painong powder both in vitro and in vivo， and may provide a reference for the study of quality control and clinical applications.

Background: Postoperative hypokalemia is a common electrolyte disturbance associated with adverse outcomes, particularly in older adults. This study aimed to identify risk factors and develop predictive models for hypokalemia within 24 hours after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for severe carotid artery stenosis, a condition that primarily affects older patient populations. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 1,076 CEA patients (October 2021 to May 2023) was analyzed. Risk factors were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. A predictive nomogram was developed and internally validated via bootstrapping. Machine learning models (Random Forest and XGBoost) were developed and interpreted using SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed in patients aged ≥70 years and by comparing postoperative potassium levels >4.0 mmol/L versus 3.5–4.0 mmol/L. Results: The cohort had a median age of 65 years. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative potassium (odds ratio [OR]=0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50–0.72), hemoglobin (OR=0.74, 95% CI 0.63–0.88), BMI (OR=0.74, 95% CI 0.63–0.88), and postoperative visual analogue scale score (OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.09–1.51) as independent predictors. Frailty showed borderline significance (OR=1.56, 95% CI 1.00–2.44, p=0.05). The nomogram achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.710, demonstrating good discrimination and calibration. Machine learning models similarly performed well (AUC 0.707–0.709). Conclusion We developed a validated tool to predict postoperative hypokalemia after CEA. The model highlights that in addition to biochemical and surgical factors, geriatric syndromes like frailty and nutritional status are pivotal risk determinants. This facilitates early, individualized management, including tailored potassium supplementation, nutritional support, and pain control, especially for vulnerable older adults, to mitigate complications and promote recovery.

Objective:To analyze the preferences of medical staff in TCM hospitals in Beijing regarding the achievements transformation of hospital traditional Chinese medicine preparations,and to provide a reference for formulating incentive policies.Methods:233 medical staff from five TCM hospitals in Beijing were taken as the research objects,and surveyed with a questionnaire designed based on the discrete choice experiment(DCE).Mixed logit models and latent class models were then used to analyze their transformation preferences.Results:The mixed Logit model revealed that seven key attributes significantly influenced medical staff's preferences for the achievements transformation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations(P<0.05).Latent class analysis identified three distinct preference groups among respondents:an organization-dependent group(27.0%),a pro-transformation group(61.4%),and a conservative group(11.6%).Conclusions:Medical Staff preferred transformation conditions that increased monthly income;utilized"human use+re-experimentation";involved the hospital's achievements transformation department as the entity;were funded by the hospital;offered a 70%profit share;enabled promotion three years earlier,and assigned patents to the hospital.The study recommends implementing diverse incentive measures and developing differentiated strategies tailored to the distinct Medical Staff categories to facilitate the transformation of hospital traditional Chinese medicine preparations into new drugs.

Objective:This study aimed to integrate RNA-seq data to identify key genes associated with macrophage-ferroptosis and develop a prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:We retrieved a dataset from the GEO database containing transcriptome data and clinical information for 163 samples.Macrophage-related genes were identified using WGCNA and immune infiltration analyses.Ferroptosis-related genes from the FerrDbV2 database were intersected with differentially expressed genes to obtain significant macrophage-ferroptosis-related genes.Hub genes were screened via protein interaction network construction,and key genes were identified using four machine learning algorithms.These genes exhibited significant expression differences between cancer and normal tissues and were closely linked to patient prognosis.ROC curve and KM survival analyses were performed,and expression levels were validated at the transcriptome and proteome levels.Results:Four key genes RRM2,KIF20A,PCK2,and PDK4 were identified and evaluated.RRM2 and KIF20A demonstrated high importance in classification prediction models and reliable performance in ROC and KM analyses(AUC＞0.9,P＜0.05).These genes regulate cancer cell proliferation/survival and macrophage polarization/function,influencing the tumor microenvironment and HCC progression.Conclusion:RRM2 and KIF20A regulate cancer cell proliferation and survival,modulate macrophage polarization and function,and influence the immune response in the tumor microenvironment.They can serve as prognostic biomarkers and potential immunotherapy targets for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the effects of combination therapy with aqueous extract of corn silk(CS)and training on exercise capacity and glycolipid metabolism in mice with metabolic syndrome(MS).Methods:In this study,db/db mice were used as the animal model of MS.The mice were administered aqueous extract of CS via gavage and subjected to different intensities of training for 12 weeks(3 months).The specific experimental design was as follows:24 db/db mice were randomly divided into four groups on average:negative control group(NC),aqueous extract of CS group(CS),aqueous extract of CS+moderate-intensity training group(CS+MT),and CS aqueous extract of CS+high-intensity training group(CS+HT).The maximum running speed,forelimb grip strength,body weight and fasting blood glucose of mice were measured before and after treatment.After the intervention,oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)and insulin tolerance test(ITT)were conducted to assess glucose metabolism,while serum triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels were measured to evaluate lipid metabolism.Results:After 3 months of intervention,there were significant differences in the maximum running speed and forelimb grip strength among the four groups(P＜0.05).The maximum running speed and forelimb grip strength of CS group,CS+MT group and CS+HT group were higher than those of NC group(P＜0.05).The CS+MT group exhibited higher forelimb grip strength,and the CS+HT group showed higher maximum running speed and forelimb grip strength compared to the CS group(P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found between the CS+MT and CS+HT groups(P＞0.05).Significant differences in body weight were observed among the four groups after 3 months of intervention(P＜0.05).Specifically,the CS+MT and CS+HT groups exhibited significantly lower body weight compared to both the NC and CS groups(P＜0.05),with the CS+MT group having the lowest body weight(P＜0.05).Fasting blood glucose levels also differed significantly among the groups after 2 and 3 months of intervention(P＜0.05).The CS,CS+MT,and CS+HT groups had lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to the NC group(P＜0.05),with the CS+MT and CS+HT groups showing the lowest levels(P＜0.05).No significant difference was found between the CS+MT and CS+HT groups(P＞0.05).After 3 months of intervention,significant differences in the area under the curve(AUC)of OGTT and ITT were observed among the four groups(P＜0.05).The AUC of OGTT and ITT were significantly lower in the CS,CS+MT,and CS+HT groups compared to the NC group(P＜0.05).The CS+MT and CS+HT groups exhibited the lowest AUC values for both OGTT and ITT(P＜0.05),with the CS+MT group showing the lowest AUC for OGTT(P＜0.05).Significant differences in serum lipid levels were observed among the four groups after 3 months of intervention(P＜0.05).TG,TC,and LDL-C levels were significantly lower,while HDL-C levels were higher in the CS,CS+MT,and CS+HT groups compared to the NC group(P＜0.05).The CS+MT group had the lowest TG levels and the highest HDL-C levels compared to the CS+HT group(P＜0.05),with no significant differences in TC and LDL-C levels between these two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Aqueous extract of CS combined with different intensity training can significantly improve the exercise capacity and glycolipid metabolism of MS mice and reduce body weight,especially CS combined with MT treatment is more effective in improving lipid metabolism.In addition,when combined with HT,aqueous extract of CS can also play an auxiliary role in reducing the side effects of high-intensity exercise and improving the therapeutic effect.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the expression of uridine diphosphate-glucose[]pyrophos-phorylase 2(UGP2)in breast cancer(BC)tissues and its oncogenic mechanism,assessing its potential value as a diag-nostic and prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.Methods:(1)Online database analysis was conducted to assess UGP2 mRNA and protein expression levels in breast cancer and explore their correlation with clinical characteristics.Im-munohistochemistry(IHC)was used to verify UGP2 expression in human breast cancer tumor tissues and evaluate its relationship with clinicopathological features.(2)Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and COX regression models were used to analyze the impact of UGP2 expression on breast cancer patient prognosis.(3)Bioinformatics methods were em-ployed to investigate the correlation between UGP2 and tumor immune cell infiltration,and to predict the biological func-tions and associated signaling pathways of UGP2 in breast cancer.Results:(1)The mRNA and protein expression levels of UGP2 were upregulated in breast cancer tissues(both P<0.05),and were negatively correlated with ER-positive and PR-positive status(OR<1,P<0.05),while positively correlated with Ki-67 levels and the triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)subtype(OR>1,P<0.05).(2)Elevated expression levels of UGP2 were associated with poorer survival rates in breast cancer patients(both P<0.05)and were identified as an independent adverse prognostic factor for breast cancer(HR=1.40,P<0.05).(3)Functional analysis results suggested that UGP2 may promote tumor progression by regulating metabolism,hormone signaling,and the immune microenvironment.Additionally,UGP2 expression was negatively cor-related with NK cell activation status and positively correlated with the inhibitory state.Conclusion:UGP2 expression is elevated in breast cancer tissues and is closely associated with poor patient prognosis.It may promote cancer pro-gression through mechanisms such as metabolic reprogramming and immune suppression.UGP2 shows promise as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer,providing a basis for personalized treatment.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Achyranthoside Ⅰ inhibits pyroptosis in chondrocytes through the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)/NOD receptor protein structure domain related proteins 3(NLRP3)/cystine containing aspartate specific proteins-1(caspase-1)signaling pathway.Methods Primary mouse chondrocytes were divided into blank group(phosphate buffered solution with the same volume),model group[10 ng·mL-1 interleukin-1β(IL-1 β)],control group(10 ng·mL-1 IL-1β+20 μmol·L-1 celecoxib)and experimental group(10 ng·mL-1 IL-1β+3 μg·mL-1 Achyranthoside Ⅰ).After 24 hours of intervention,the cell proliferation was measured by cell counting kit 8,the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),IL-1 and IL-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,the protein expression levels of NF-κB p65,NLRP3 and caspase-1 were detected by Western Blot.Results The apoptosis rates in experimental,control,model and blank groups were(13.34±0.61)％,(15.64±1.01)％,(21.81±1.10)％and 0;the SOD levels were(147.03±16.49),(130.09±7.33),(122.03±10.71)and(164.40±22.74)nU·mL-1;the MDA levels were(6.43±0.71),(7.63±1.01),(8.89±1.84)and(5.69±0.81)nmol·L-1;the IL-1 levels were(338.69±40.95),(361.78±32.15),(391.44±30.59)and(289.23±25.19)pg·mL-1;the IL-6 levels were(89.96±8.81),(101.10±11.59),(120.39±14.71)and(60.29±6.03)pg·mL-1;the relative expression levels of NF-κB p65 were 0.68±0.05,0.97±0.05,1.26±0.05 and 0.57±0.05;the relative expression levels of NLRP3 were 0.71±0.08,1.02±0.10,1.50±0.06 and 0.31±0.05;the relative expression levels of caspase-1 were 0.70±0.07,1.29±0.08,1.66±0.07 and 0.51±0.07,respectively.Compared with the model group,the differences of above indexes were statistically significant in the experimental group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Achyranthoside Ⅰ can improve the oxidative stress status induced by IL-1 β in chondrocytes,reduce the expression of proteins related to the NF-κB signaling pathway,and thereby decrease the occurrence of caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis,providing a protective effect on chondrocytes.

Objective To screen the prescription,preparation,quality evaluation of Ganoderma lucidum extract nano-emulsion(GLEN)and study its anti-skin aging effect.Methods The emulsifier and oil phase of the nano-emulsion were preliminarily screened by solubility method.The pseudo-ternary phase diagram method was used to screen the nano-emulsions,and the prepared GLEN were evaluated for quality in terms of the appearance,particle size,structure,drug loading,stability and skin safety.A mouse skin aging model was constructed by injecting D-galactose combined with ultraviolet radiation.GLEN was applied to the skin at the modeling site and investigated for their anti-skin aging efficacy.Results The optimal GLEN prescription was 30%polyoxymethylene castor oil,14.4%glycerol,11.1%medium chain triglycerides,and 44.5%water.GLEN was a dark brown and transparent liquid at room temperature,O/W type nano-emulsion with an average particle size(32.20±2.89)nm,polydispersity coefficient 0.38±0.03,zeta potential value(-4.05±0.27)mV.The content of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides was(36.35±0.55)mg·mL-1,and the content of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes was(5.99±0.46)mg·mL-1,which possessed good stability.Pharmacodynamic experiments showed compared with the model group,the skin scores of mice in the GLEN group significantly improved(P﹤0.05),the water content increased(P﹤0.01),and the contents of SOD,GSH-PX and Hyp increased(P﹤0.05),while the content of MDA was decreased significantly(P﹤0.01).HE,Masson and Sirius crimson staining further indicated that the pathological changes in mice were alleviated to varying degrees in GLEN group.And GLEN had high safety for skin,could be applied to human body.Conclusion In this study,the prepared GLENs were homogeneous in appearance,stable in nature,and exhibited significant anti-aging effects on mouse skin.

Objective To screen the prescription,preparation,quality evaluation of Ganoderma lucidum extract nano-emulsion(GLEN)and study its anti-skin aging effect.Methods The emulsifier and oil phase of the nano-emulsion were preliminarily screened by solubility method.The pseudo-ternary phase diagram method was used to screen the nano-emulsions,and the prepared GLEN were evaluated for quality in terms of the appearance,particle size,structure,drug loading,stability and skin safety.A mouse skin aging model was constructed by injecting D-galactose combined with ultraviolet radiation.GLEN was applied to the skin at the modeling site and investigated for their anti-skin aging efficacy.Results The optimal GLEN prescription was 30%polyoxymethylene castor oil,14.4%glycerol,11.1%medium chain triglycerides,and 44.5%water.GLEN was a dark brown and transparent liquid at room temperature,O/W type nano-emulsion with an average particle size(32.20±2.89)nm,polydispersity coefficient 0.38±0.03,zeta potential value(-4.05±0.27)mV.The content of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides was(36.35±0.55)mg·mL-1,and the content of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes was(5.99±0.46)mg·mL-1,which possessed good stability.Pharmacodynamic experiments showed compared with the model group,the skin scores of mice in the GLEN group significantly improved(P﹤0.05),the water content increased(P﹤0.01),and the contents of SOD,GSH-PX and Hyp increased(P﹤0.05),while the content of MDA was decreased significantly(P﹤0.01).HE,Masson and Sirius crimson staining further indicated that the pathological changes in mice were alleviated to varying degrees in GLEN group.And GLEN had high safety for skin,could be applied to human body.Conclusion In this study,the prepared GLENs were homogeneous in appearance,stable in nature,and exhibited significant anti-aging effects on mouse skin.

Objective:To analyze the preferences of medical staff in TCM hospitals in Beijing regarding the achievements transformation of hospital traditional Chinese medicine preparations,and to provide a reference for formulating incentive policies.Methods:233 medical staff from five TCM hospitals in Beijing were taken as the research objects,and surveyed with a questionnaire designed based on the discrete choice experiment(DCE).Mixed logit models and latent class models were then used to analyze their transformation preferences.Results:The mixed Logit model revealed that seven key attributes significantly influenced medical staff's preferences for the achievements transformation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations(P<0.05).Latent class analysis identified three distinct preference groups among respondents:an organization-dependent group(27.0%),a pro-transformation group(61.4%),and a conservative group(11.6%).Conclusions:Medical Staff preferred transformation conditions that increased monthly income;utilized"human use+re-experimentation";involved the hospital's achievements transformation department as the entity;were funded by the hospital;offered a 70%profit share;enabled promotion three years earlier,and assigned patents to the hospital.The study recommends implementing diverse incentive measures and developing differentiated strategies tailored to the distinct Medical Staff categories to facilitate the transformation of hospital traditional Chinese medicine preparations into new drugs.