Rectal cancer, which accounts for approximately 40% of colorectal cancers, remains a major clinical concern. Recent advances in diagnostic imaging, surgical techniques, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment have steadily improved rectal cancer outcomes. Considering this, the Korean Rectal Cancer Multidisciplinary (KRCM) Committee has aimed to provide clinicians and policymakers with up-to-date, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to support optimal decision-making, reflecting current evidence, the Korean healthcare context, and patient values and preferences. The Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rectal Cancer version 2.0 were developed through multidisciplinary collaboration with related academic societies, building upon and updating the KRCM Clinical Practice Guidelines version 1.0 (titled “Multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of rectal cancer”). These consensus guidelines of the KRCM were established based on a comprehensive literature review, evidence synthesis, with recommendation development guided by the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology, and consideration of applicability in real-world clinical practice under the national health insurance system. Each recommendation has been presented with its strength and level of evidence.

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis; however, the implementation of neoadjuvant treatment enables borderline resectable cases to undergo curative resection and improves the overall survival rate. Attempts have been made to expand the eligibility criteria for neoadjuvant treatment, even in resectable cases. Some studies have suggested a correlation between vein abutment and poor prognosis or that the abutment angle may affect prognosis. This study investigated the anatomical factors affecting the vessel abutment angle and its prognostic value in pancreatic cancer. Methods: Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery between 2012 and 2017 were included in this study. Patients who underwent neoadjuvant treatment were excluded. Data from only the intent-to-treat pancreaticoduodenectomy group were included in the analysis. Clinicopathological characteristics; preoperative factors such as CA 19-9, preoperative biliary drainage, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, portal vein/superior mesenteric vein contact angle measured via CT scan; and intraoperative factors were collected for analysis. Results: A total of 365 patients were included in this study, and the abutment group included 92 patients (25.2%). The abutment and no-contact groups did not show any significant differences in terms of the overall survival or diseasefree survival rate. Among the abutment groups, patients with less than 90° and 90°–180° did not show any significant differences. In the multivariate analysis, the only preoperative factor that had a prognostic effect was CA 19-9, a biological factor. Conclusion When there is no vessel invasion in the abutment group, upfront surgery should be considered because the angle does not affect the overall prognosis.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition and glaucoma by analyzing the associations between anthropometric and ocular parameters. Methods: A total of 494 eyes from 247 patients were reviewed from a general health examination database at a tertiary hospital. Anthropometric parameters were assessed using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance device. Mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) was calculated based on systolic and diastolic blood pressures and intraocular pressure (IOP). Retinal thickness and other ocular parameters were analyzed for their association with body composition. Results: A total of 221 eyes from 221 patients, including 104 with glaucoma, were enrolled in the final analysis. The prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher in patients with glaucomatous damage than in those without (p = 0.025). Higher IOP showed significant associations with lower MOPP (p < 0.001), higher body mass index (BMI; p = 0.001), and higher waist to hip ratio (p = 0.001). Retinal thickness was not significantly associated with body composition parameters, including BMI and appendicular lean mass adjusted with squared height. Higher MOPP was significantly correlated with lower IOP (p < 0.001), higher BMI (p < 0.001), higher waist to hip ratio (p < 0.001), and higher appendicular lean mass divided by squared height (p = 0.009). Conclusions Skeletal muscle mass and BMI were significantly associated with MOPP. Since low MOPP is a known risk factor for glaucoma, its association with skeletal muscle mass may indicate a relationship between systemic muscle health, ocular blood perfusion, and glaucomatous damage. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate these associations between skeletal muscle mass and glaucoma and explore their clinical implications.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition and glaucoma by analyzing the associations between anthropometric and ocular parameters. Methods: A total of 494 eyes from 247 patients were reviewed from a general health examination database at a tertiary hospital. Anthropometric parameters were assessed using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance device. Mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) was calculated based on systolic and diastolic blood pressures and intraocular pressure (IOP). Retinal thickness and other ocular parameters were analyzed for their association with body composition. Results: A total of 221 eyes from 221 patients, including 104 with glaucoma, were enrolled in the final analysis. The prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher in patients with glaucomatous damage than in those without (p = 0.025). Higher IOP showed significant associations with lower MOPP (p < 0.001), higher body mass index (BMI; p = 0.001), and higher waist to hip ratio (p = 0.001). Retinal thickness was not significantly associated with body composition parameters, including BMI and appendicular lean mass adjusted with squared height. Higher MOPP was significantly correlated with lower IOP (p < 0.001), higher BMI (p < 0.001), higher waist to hip ratio (p < 0.001), and higher appendicular lean mass divided by squared height (p = 0.009). Conclusions Skeletal muscle mass and BMI were significantly associated with MOPP. Since low MOPP is a known risk factor for glaucoma, its association with skeletal muscle mass may indicate a relationship between systemic muscle health, ocular blood perfusion, and glaucomatous damage. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate these associations between skeletal muscle mass and glaucoma and explore their clinical implications.

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis; however, the implementation of neoadjuvant treatment enables borderline resectable cases to undergo curative resection and improves the overall survival rate. Attempts have been made to expand the eligibility criteria for neoadjuvant treatment, even in resectable cases. Some studies have suggested a correlation between vein abutment and poor prognosis or that the abutment angle may affect prognosis. This study investigated the anatomical factors affecting the vessel abutment angle and its prognostic value in pancreatic cancer. Methods: Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery between 2012 and 2017 were included in this study. Patients who underwent neoadjuvant treatment were excluded. Data from only the intent-to-treat pancreaticoduodenectomy group were included in the analysis. Clinicopathological characteristics; preoperative factors such as CA 19-9, preoperative biliary drainage, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, portal vein/superior mesenteric vein contact angle measured via CT scan; and intraoperative factors were collected for analysis. Results: A total of 365 patients were included in this study, and the abutment group included 92 patients (25.2%). The abutment and no-contact groups did not show any significant differences in terms of the overall survival or diseasefree survival rate. Among the abutment groups, patients with less than 90° and 90°–180° did not show any significant differences. In the multivariate analysis, the only preoperative factor that had a prognostic effect was CA 19-9, a biological factor. Conclusion When there is no vessel invasion in the abutment group, upfront surgery should be considered because the angle does not affect the overall prognosis.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition and glaucoma by analyzing the associations between anthropometric and ocular parameters. Methods: A total of 494 eyes from 247 patients were reviewed from a general health examination database at a tertiary hospital. Anthropometric parameters were assessed using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance device. Mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) was calculated based on systolic and diastolic blood pressures and intraocular pressure (IOP). Retinal thickness and other ocular parameters were analyzed for their association with body composition. Results: A total of 221 eyes from 221 patients, including 104 with glaucoma, were enrolled in the final analysis. The prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher in patients with glaucomatous damage than in those without (p = 0.025). Higher IOP showed significant associations with lower MOPP (p < 0.001), higher body mass index (BMI; p = 0.001), and higher waist to hip ratio (p = 0.001). Retinal thickness was not significantly associated with body composition parameters, including BMI and appendicular lean mass adjusted with squared height. Higher MOPP was significantly correlated with lower IOP (p < 0.001), higher BMI (p < 0.001), higher waist to hip ratio (p < 0.001), and higher appendicular lean mass divided by squared height (p = 0.009). Conclusions Skeletal muscle mass and BMI were significantly associated with MOPP. Since low MOPP is a known risk factor for glaucoma, its association with skeletal muscle mass may indicate a relationship between systemic muscle health, ocular blood perfusion, and glaucomatous damage. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate these associations between skeletal muscle mass and glaucoma and explore their clinical implications.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition and glaucoma by analyzing the associations between anthropometric and ocular parameters. Methods: A total of 494 eyes from 247 patients were reviewed from a general health examination database at a tertiary hospital. Anthropometric parameters were assessed using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance device. Mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) was calculated based on systolic and diastolic blood pressures and intraocular pressure (IOP). Retinal thickness and other ocular parameters were analyzed for their association with body composition. Results: A total of 221 eyes from 221 patients, including 104 with glaucoma, were enrolled in the final analysis. The prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher in patients with glaucomatous damage than in those without (p = 0.025). Higher IOP showed significant associations with lower MOPP (p < 0.001), higher body mass index (BMI; p = 0.001), and higher waist to hip ratio (p = 0.001). Retinal thickness was not significantly associated with body composition parameters, including BMI and appendicular lean mass adjusted with squared height. Higher MOPP was significantly correlated with lower IOP (p < 0.001), higher BMI (p < 0.001), higher waist to hip ratio (p < 0.001), and higher appendicular lean mass divided by squared height (p = 0.009). Conclusions Skeletal muscle mass and BMI were significantly associated with MOPP. Since low MOPP is a known risk factor for glaucoma, its association with skeletal muscle mass may indicate a relationship between systemic muscle health, ocular blood perfusion, and glaucomatous damage. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate these associations between skeletal muscle mass and glaucoma and explore their clinical implications.

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis; however, the implementation of neoadjuvant treatment enables borderline resectable cases to undergo curative resection and improves the overall survival rate. Attempts have been made to expand the eligibility criteria for neoadjuvant treatment, even in resectable cases. Some studies have suggested a correlation between vein abutment and poor prognosis or that the abutment angle may affect prognosis. This study investigated the anatomical factors affecting the vessel abutment angle and its prognostic value in pancreatic cancer. Methods: Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery between 2012 and 2017 were included in this study. Patients who underwent neoadjuvant treatment were excluded. Data from only the intent-to-treat pancreaticoduodenectomy group were included in the analysis. Clinicopathological characteristics; preoperative factors such as CA 19-9, preoperative biliary drainage, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, portal vein/superior mesenteric vein contact angle measured via CT scan; and intraoperative factors were collected for analysis. Results: A total of 365 patients were included in this study, and the abutment group included 92 patients (25.2%). The abutment and no-contact groups did not show any significant differences in terms of the overall survival or diseasefree survival rate. Among the abutment groups, patients with less than 90° and 90°–180° did not show any significant differences. In the multivariate analysis, the only preoperative factor that had a prognostic effect was CA 19-9, a biological factor. Conclusion When there is no vessel invasion in the abutment group, upfront surgery should be considered because the angle does not affect the overall prognosis.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition and glaucoma by analyzing the associations between anthropometric and ocular parameters. Methods: A total of 494 eyes from 247 patients were reviewed from a general health examination database at a tertiary hospital. Anthropometric parameters were assessed using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance device. Mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) was calculated based on systolic and diastolic blood pressures and intraocular pressure (IOP). Retinal thickness and other ocular parameters were analyzed for their association with body composition. Results: A total of 221 eyes from 221 patients, including 104 with glaucoma, were enrolled in the final analysis. The prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher in patients with glaucomatous damage than in those without (p = 0.025). Higher IOP showed significant associations with lower MOPP (p < 0.001), higher body mass index (BMI; p = 0.001), and higher waist to hip ratio (p = 0.001). Retinal thickness was not significantly associated with body composition parameters, including BMI and appendicular lean mass adjusted with squared height. Higher MOPP was significantly correlated with lower IOP (p < 0.001), higher BMI (p < 0.001), higher waist to hip ratio (p < 0.001), and higher appendicular lean mass divided by squared height (p = 0.009). Conclusions Skeletal muscle mass and BMI were significantly associated with MOPP. Since low MOPP is a known risk factor for glaucoma, its association with skeletal muscle mass may indicate a relationship between systemic muscle health, ocular blood perfusion, and glaucomatous damage. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate these associations between skeletal muscle mass and glaucoma and explore their clinical implications.

Purpose: Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is known for its poor prognosis due to late diagnosis. To achieve long-term survival, curative resection often is necessary. However, after surgical resection, the 5-year survival rates vary from 14% to 48%.The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic factors for long-term survival in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: Patients who underwent curative resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma at Samsung Medical Center from January 2000 to December 2020 were included. Demographics, surgical and oncological outcomes, short-term complications, recurrence, pathologic results, and survival were analyzed. Prognostic factors were analyzed with Cox proportional hazards models. Results: A total of 449 patients diagnosed with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent intent-to-treat resection at Samsung Medical Center from 2000 to 2020 were included in this study. The median disease-free survival was 19 months, and the median survival was 40 months. One-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 82.8%, 53.7%, and 35.8%, respectively. Conclusion The 5-year survival rate of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma was 35.8% at Samsung Medical Center.Median survival was 40 months. N2 stage and tumor biology were factors affecting 5-year survival.