In this paper， by referring to ancient and modern literature， the textual research of Inulae Flos has been conducted to clarify the name， origin， production area， quality evaluation， harvesting， processing and others， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. After textual research， it could be verified that the medicinal use of Inulae Flos was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing of the Han dynasty. In successive dynasties， Xuanfuhua has been taken as the official name， and it also has other alternative names such as Jinfeicao， Daogeng and Jinqianhua. The period before the Song and Yuan dynasties， the main origin of Inulae Flos was the Asteraceae plant Inula japonica， and from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the present， I. japonica and I. britannica are the primary source. In addition to the dominant basal species， there are also regional species such as I. linariifolia， I. helianthus-aquatili， and I. hupehensis. The earliest recorded production areas in ancient times were Henan， Hubei and other places， and the literature records that it has been distributed throughout the country since modern times. The medicinal part is its flower， the harvesting and processing method recorded in the past dynasties is mainly harvested in the fifth and ninth lunar months， and dried in the sun， and the modern harvesting is mostly harvested in summer and autumn when the flowers bloom， in order to remove impurities， dry in the shade or dry in the sun. In addition， the roots， whole herbs and aerial parts are used as medicinal materials. In ancient times， there were no records about the quality of Inulae Flos， and in modern times， it is generally believed that the quality of complete flower structure， small receptacles， large blooms， yellow petals， long filaments， many fluffs， no fragments， and no branches is better. Ancient processing methods primarily involved cleaning， steaming， and sun-drying， supplemented by techniques such as boiling， roasting， burning， simmering， stir-frying， and honey-processing. Modern processing focuses mainly on cleaning the stems and leaves before use. Regarding the medicinal properties， ancient texts describe it as salty and sweet in taste， slightly warm in nature， and mildly toxic. Modern studies characterize it as bitter， pungent， and salty in taste， with a slightly warm nature. Its therapeutic effects remain consistent across eras， including descending Qi， resolving phlegm， promoting diuresis， and stopping vomiting. Based on the research results， it is recommended that when developing famous classical formulas containing Inulae Flos， either I. japonica or I. britannica should be used as the medicinal source. Processing methods should follow formula requirements， where no processing instructions are specified， the raw products may be used after cleaning.

In this paper， by referring to ancient and modern literature， the textual research of Inulae Flos has been conducted to clarify the name， origin， production area， quality evaluation， harvesting， processing and others， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. After textual research， it could be verified that the medicinal use of Inulae Flos was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing of the Han dynasty. In successive dynasties， Xuanfuhua has been taken as the official name， and it also has other alternative names such as Jinfeicao， Daogeng and Jinqianhua. The period before the Song and Yuan dynasties， the main origin of Inulae Flos was the Asteraceae plant Inula japonica， and from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the present， I. japonica and I. britannica are the primary source. In addition to the dominant basal species， there are also regional species such as I. linariifolia， I. helianthus-aquatili， and I. hupehensis. The earliest recorded production areas in ancient times were Henan， Hubei and other places， and the literature records that it has been distributed throughout the country since modern times. The medicinal part is its flower， the harvesting and processing method recorded in the past dynasties is mainly harvested in the fifth and ninth lunar months， and dried in the sun， and the modern harvesting is mostly harvested in summer and autumn when the flowers bloom， in order to remove impurities， dry in the shade or dry in the sun. In addition， the roots， whole herbs and aerial parts are used as medicinal materials. In ancient times， there were no records about the quality of Inulae Flos， and in modern times， it is generally believed that the quality of complete flower structure， small receptacles， large blooms， yellow petals， long filaments， many fluffs， no fragments， and no branches is better. Ancient processing methods primarily involved cleaning， steaming， and sun-drying， supplemented by techniques such as boiling， roasting， burning， simmering， stir-frying， and honey-processing. Modern processing focuses mainly on cleaning the stems and leaves before use. Regarding the medicinal properties， ancient texts describe it as salty and sweet in taste， slightly warm in nature， and mildly toxic. Modern studies characterize it as bitter， pungent， and salty in taste， with a slightly warm nature. Its therapeutic effects remain consistent across eras， including descending Qi， resolving phlegm， promoting diuresis， and stopping vomiting. Based on the research results， it is recommended that when developing famous classical formulas containing Inulae Flos， either I. japonica or I. britannica should be used as the medicinal source. Processing methods should follow formula requirements， where no processing instructions are specified， the raw products may be used after cleaning.

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy （DPN） is one of the most common and harmful complications of type 2 diabetes. DPN's pathogenesis include high blood sugar-induced oxidative stress， inflammation， and mitochondrial dysfunction. These factors are combined to damage nerve fibers， leading to sensory issues， pain， and numbness. Through a coordinated effect， these factors trigger nerve fiber damage and lead to sensory abnormalities， pain and numbness in limbs， and other symptoms， seriously restricting patients' activities of daily living and mobility. Recent research highlights that cellular senescence plays a critical role in DPN. Cellular senescence is manifested by the loss of cell proliferation ability， and further aggravates nerve damage via oxidative stress， mitochondrial dysfunction， autophagy impairment， inflammatory reaction， and other mechanisms， accelerating DPN occurrence and progression. In terms of medical treatment， current methods focus on blood sugar control， pain relief medicine， and microcirculation improvement， while no therapy has been developed based on cellular senescence. In contrast， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） shows a unique advantage in DPN prevention and treatment via cellular senescence modulation. TCM emphasizes a holistic approach， as well as syndrome differentiation and treatment， effective in anti-aging and nerve damage repair. Recent studies show that TCM active ingredients， including puerarin， ginsenosides， and berberine， can reduce inflammation， oxidative stress， and apoptosis via signaling pathway regulation， thereby slowing cellular senescence to alleviate nerve damage. Furthermore， TCM compounds such as Buyang Huanwutang， Taohong Siwutang， and Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang exert synergistic effects on cellular senescence-related pathways to improve nerve health and reduce DPN clinical symptoms. Therefore， this paper reviews the literature related to the interaction between cellular senescence and DPN from the perspective of cellular senescence， summarizing the mechanism of DPN and TCM intervention strategies.

ObjectiveTo develop a community-family management model for older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to formulate detailed application specifications, and to fully leverage the initiative of communities and families under limited resource conditions, for achieving community-based early detection and early intervention for older adults with MCI. MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted to identify pertinent publications. Corpus-based research methodologies were employed to extract, refine, integrate and synthesize management elements, thereby establishing the specific content and service processes for each stage of the management model. Utilizing the 5W2H analytical framework, essential elements such as management stakeholders, target populations, content and methods for each stage were delineated. The model and its application guidelines were finalized through expert consultation and demonstration. ResultsAn expert evaluation of the management model yielded mean scores of 4.84, 4.32 and 4.84 for acceptability, feasibility and systematicity, respectively. By integrating the identified core elements with expert ratings and feedback, the final iteration of the community-family management model for older adults with MCI was formulated. This model comprised of five stages: screening and identification, comprehensive assessment, intervention planning, monitoring and referral pathways to ensure implementation, and enhanced support for communities, family members and caregivers. Additionally, it included 18 specific application guidelines. ConclusionThe proposed management model may theoretically help delay cognitive decline, improve cognitive function and potentially promote reversal from MCI to normal cognition. It may also enhance the awareness and coping capacity of older adults and their families, strengthen community healthcare professionals' ability to early identify and manage MCI.

AIM: To investigate the potential inhibitory effect of pterostilbene on the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)induced by high glucose conditions in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs).METHODS: The optimal concentration of pterostilbene for treating HRMECs was determined using the CCK-8 assay, with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L concentrations selected for subsequent experiments. Four experimental groups were established: control group, high glucose group, high glucose combined with 12.5 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group, and high glucose combined with 25 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group. The expression levels of HDAC7 and EndMT-associated markers were detected via Western blot analysis. Cell migration ability was assessed using Transwell migration assays and scratch wound healing tests, while vasculogenic capability was evaluated through tube formation assays.RESULTS: The CCK-8 assay revealed that pterostilbene at a concentration of 22.07 μmol/L inhibited 50% of cell viability in HRMECs. Western blot analysis demonstrated that compared with the control group, the expression levels of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail were significantly upregulated in HRMECs cultured in high glucose(all P<0.01), while the expressions of VE-cadherin and CD31 were significantly reduced(all P<0.01). Compared to the high glucose group, the treatment with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly reduced the expression of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail under high glucose conditions(all P<0.01). Notably, 25 μmol/L pterostilbene enhanced the expression of VE-cadherin and CD31(all P<0.01). Scratch wound healing tests revealed that HRMECs treated with high glucose exhibited a significantly increased cell migration rate compared to the control group(P<0.05), while the application of 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly suppressed HRMECs migration under high glucose conditions(P<0.01). Transwell migration assays demonstrated that the cell migration rate in the high glucose group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01), with cell migration rate markedly reduced following treatment with both of 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene(all P<0.01). The tube formation assay revealed that the ability of HRMECs to form tubular structures was significantly enhanced under high glucose conditions(P<0.01), and both 12.5 and 25 μmol/L of pterostilbene effectively inhibited this effect(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Pterostilbene can inhibit HDAC7 expression, suppress EndMT-mediated migration of HRMECs, and impair tube formation under high-glucose conditions.

AIM: To investigate the potential inhibitory effect of pterostilbene on the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)induced by high glucose conditions in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs).METHODS: The optimal concentration of pterostilbene for treating HRMECs was determined using the CCK-8 assay, with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L concentrations selected for subsequent experiments. Four experimental groups were established: control group, high glucose group, high glucose combined with 12.5 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group, and high glucose combined with 25 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group. The expression levels of HDAC7 and EndMT-associated markers were detected via Western blot analysis. Cell migration ability was assessed using Transwell migration assays and scratch wound healing tests, while vasculogenic capability was evaluated through tube formation assays.RESULTS: The CCK-8 assay revealed that pterostilbene at a concentration of 22.07 μmol/L inhibited 50% of cell viability in HRMECs. Western blot analysis demonstrated that compared with the control group, the expression levels of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail were significantly upregulated in HRMECs cultured in high glucose(all P<0.01), while the expressions of VE-cadherin and CD31 were significantly reduced(all P<0.01). Compared to the high glucose group, the treatment with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly reduced the expression of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail under high glucose conditions(all P<0.01). Notably, 25 μmol/L pterostilbene enhanced the expression of VE-cadherin and CD31(all P<0.01). Scratch wound healing tests revealed that HRMECs treated with high glucose exhibited a significantly increased cell migration rate compared to the control group(P<0.05), while the application of 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly suppressed HRMECs migration under high glucose conditions(P<0.01). Transwell migration assays demonstrated that the cell migration rate in the high glucose group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01), with cell migration rate markedly reduced following treatment with both of 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene(all P<0.01). The tube formation assay revealed that the ability of HRMECs to form tubular structures was significantly enhanced under high glucose conditions(P<0.01), and both 12.5 and 25 μmol/L of pterostilbene effectively inhibited this effect(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Pterostilbene can inhibit HDAC7 expression, suppress EndMT-mediated migration of HRMECs, and impair tube formation under high-glucose conditions.

Objective: To evaluate the intervention effectiveness of co-occurrence and prevention for myopia and obesity among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of comprehensive intervention measures in myopia and obesity. Methods: From September 2022 to September 2023, a cluster random sampling method was used to select 6 primary schools and 6 junior high schools from Tongzhou District, Beijing. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (914 before intervention and 754 after intervention) and a control group (868 before intervention and 652 after intervention), with an expected duration of one academic year. Based on the RE-AIM framework, integrate resources from families, schools, communities, and medical institutions to develop a school-based intervention technology packagefor the co-occurrence and prevention of myopia and obesity in children. The intervention group received intervention according to the comprehensive intervention technology package, while the control group did not receive any intervention measures. Relevant health indicators during the baseline period and after intervention were measured and collected, and groups were compared by Chi quest test, t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: After intervention, the uncorrected visual acuity of primary and secondary school students in the intervention group (4.79±0.30) and the control group (4.77±0.33) both decreased compared to those before intervention (4.80±0.30, 4.90±0.32) ( t =-7.00,-5.24); the decrease in uncorrected visual acuity in the intervention group was smaller than that in the control group( t =5.33)( P <0.01). After intervention, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and body fat percentage of primary and secondary school students in the intervention group decreased compared to those before intervention. However, the changes in these indicators were not statistically significant ( t/Z =-0.03, - 0.36，- 0.30，- 0.01, P >0.05); the above indicators in the control group increased compared to those before intervention, but only hip circumference and body fat percentage showed statistically significant changes ( t/Z =2.17, 2.62, P <0.05). After intervention, both the intervention group and the control group showed increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to those before intervention(intervention group: t =2.16,5.29; control group: t =6.84,5.07); the intervention group had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure than the control group( t = -5.27 , -2.08)( P <0.05). After intervention, the intervention and the control groups had statistically significant differences in cognitive accuracy(92.48%, 69.33%) in terms of "outdoor exercise can prevent myopia" and "having 5 servings of adult fist sized vegetables and fruits every day" ( χ 2=6.30, 7.86, P <0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of primary and secondary school students in the intervention group (40.98%) and the control group (35.43%) for "who did not drink sugary drinks for every day in the past 7 days" ( χ 2=4.32, P <0.05). After intervention, the intervention group and the control group showed increases in "school outdoor activity duration on school days" and "outdoor activity duration on rest days" compared to those before intervention ( t/Z =-13.32,-9.71;- 2.59，-2.69）；the behavior rate of "visual acuity measurement frequency at least once every 3 months" in the intervention group (46.68%) and the control group (52.76%) increased compared to those before intervention (36.43%, 44.01%), and the increases in the intervention group were greater than that in the control group ( χ 2=17.52,11.08) ( P <0.05). Conclusions Comprehensive intervention measures have significant intervention effects on controlling the occurrence and development of comorbidity of myopia and obesity in children. It could actively promote collaboration and cooperation among families, schools, communities and medical institutions to reduce the occurrence of myopia and obesity among primary and secondary school students.

BACKGROUND:Platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)has many advantages,such as simple preparation,low production cost,and high safety,and has been widely used in the study of bone defect repair in oral and maxillofacial surgery,but there are problems such as too fast degradation rate and short release time of growth factors. OBJECTIVE:PRF was loaded into gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel and its osteogenic properties were analyzed by in vivo and in vitro experiments. METHODS:(1)New Zealand white rabbit venous blood was extracted to prepare PRF.GelMA hydrogels containing 0,0.05,0.075,and 0.1 g PRF were prepared,respectively,and were recorded as GelMA,GelMA/PRF-0.05,GelMA/PRF-0.075,and GelMA/PRF-0.1,respectively,to characterize the micromorphology and in vitro slow-release properties of the hydrogels.(2)Four kinds of hydrogels were co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells,respectively,and the cell proliferation activity was detected with the single cultured cells as the control.After osteogenic induction,alkaline phosphatase activity,mineralization ability,mRNA and protein expression levels of osteogenic genes(osteocalcin,osteopontin,RUNX2),ERK1/2-p38 MAPK pathway protein mRNA and protein expression levels were detected.(3)Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were taken.Four full-layer bone defects of 8 mm diameter were prepared in the skull of each rabbit,one of which was implanted without any material(blank control group),and the other three were implanted with GelMA hydrogel,PRF,and GelMA/PRF-0.1 hydrogel,respectively.The bone defect was detected by Micro-CT and bone morphology was observed at 4,8,and 12 weeks after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Scanning electron microscopy observed that all the hydrogels of the four groups had honeycomb pore structure,and the pore size of the hydrogels decreased slightly with the increase of PRF content,but there was no significant difference between the groups.The three groups of GelMA/PRF hydrogel could release transforming growth factor β1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 at a certain rate,and the cumulative release of transforming growth factor β1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 increased significantly with the extension of time.(2)CCK-8 assay and live/dead staining showed that GelMA/PRF hydrogel could promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells.The results of alkaline phosphatase staining,alizarin red staining,and osteogenic gene detection showed that GelMA/PRF hydrogel could promote the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells,and inhibit the expression of ERK1/2-p38 MAPK pathway protein,and showed a PRF content dependence.(3)Micro-CT scan showed that the bone mineral density and bone volume fraction in the bone defect of GelMA/PRF-0.1 hydrogel group were higher than those in the other three groups(P<0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that compared with the other three groups,GelMA/PRF-0.1 hydrogel group had faster and more mature new bone formation at the bone defect.(4)These findings indicate that GelMA/PRF hydrogel has good osteogenic activity both in vivo and in vitro,which may be related to inhibiting the expression of ERK1/2-p38 MAPK pathway protein.

The FoxA genes belong to a conserved family of transcription factors, that play a crucial role in regulating embryonic development, cellular differentiation, and disease pathogenesis. Initially identified as hepatocyte nuclear factor 3α (Hnf3α), FoxA is pivotal in activating liver-specific genes and contributing to liver morphogenesis. Studies have shown that FoxA proteins interact with specific DNA sequences and nucleosome-bound DNA, altering the local chromatin structure to regulate gene expression. The unique ability has earned them the designation of “pioneer factors”. The FoxA family comprises three members: FoxA1, FoxA2, and FoxA3. FoxA1 is predominantly expressed in endoderm-derived organs such as the lungs, liver, pancreas, and prostate, where it regulates hormone metabolism, cell cycle, and cell proliferation. FoxA2 is primarily expressed in the floor plate of the vertebrate spinal cord, where it plays a key role in establishing the dorsal-ventral patterning of the neural tube. FoxA3 is mainly expressed in the testes, where it regulates germ cell formation. FoxA genes exhibit functional diversity in embryonic development across different species, offering insights into their evolutionary roles. For instance, zebrafish embryos with mutations in the foxa2^-/- gene can survive, providing an opportunity to study embryonic development mechanisms. Currently, a growing body of research suggests that FoxA genes are involved in early embryonic development, cancer, and metabolism-related diseases. This paper summarizes the discovery, expression patterns, and biological functions of the FoxA genes while identifying key scientific questions that remain unresolved. It aims to provide readers a solid scientific basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms through which FoxA genes regulate embryonic development and contribute to cancer pathogenesis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of third lumbar skeletal muscle mass index （L3-SMI） in predicting the long-term prognosis of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure （ACLF）， and to provide a useful tool for prognostic scoring of ACLF patients. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the data of 126 patients who underwent abdominal computed tomography （CT） scanning and were diagnosed with ACLF in Shanxi Bethune Hospital from December 2017 to December 2021， including clinical indicators， biochemical parameters， and model for end-stage liver disease （MELD） score， and L3-SMI was calculated. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to assess the diagnostic value of L3-SMI and other variables （MELD score and Child-Pugh score）， and the DeLong test was used for comparison of the area under the ROC curve （AUC）. ResultsAmong the 126 patients enrolled， 44 （35%） died within 2 years and 82 （65%） survived. Compared with the survival group， the death group had significantly higher age， incidence rate of ascites， international normalized ratio， MELD score， and Child-Pugh score （all P<0.05） and a significantly lower value of L3-SMI ［38.40 （35.95‍ ‍—‍ ‍46.29） cm²/m² vs 44.19 （40.20‍ ‍—‍ ‍48.58） cm²/m²， Z=-2.855， P=0.004］. L3-SMI had an AUC of 0.720 in predicting 2-year mortality in ACLF patients， with a sensitivity of 63.6% and a specificity of 80.5%， and a combination of L3-SMI， MELD score， and Child-Pugh score had a significantly better AUC than a combination of MELD score and Child-Pugh score in predicting 2-year mortality （0.809 vs 0.757， Z=2.015， P<0.05）. ConclusionL3-SMI has a high predictive value for the prognosis of ACLF patients， and the combination of L3-SMI、MELD score and Child-Pugh score has a higher predictive value for ACLF patients， and the inclusion of L3-SMI or sarcopenia in the conventional prognostic scores of ACLF patients may increase the ability to predict disease progression.