1.Exploring in vivo existence forms of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma in rats.
Meng-Ge FENG ; Lin-Han XIANG ; Jing ZHANG ; Wen-Hui ZHAO ; Yang LI ; Li-Li LI ; Guang-Xue LIU ; Shao-Qing CAI ; Feng XU
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2025;50(9):2539-2562
The study aims to elucidate the existence forms(original constituents and metabolites) of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma in rats and reveal its metabolic pathways. After Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma was administered orally once a day for seven consecutive days to rats, all urine and feces samples were collected for seven days, while the blood samples were obtained 6 h after the last administration. Using the ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technique, this study identified 6, 73, and 156 existence forms of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma in the rat plasma, urine, and feces samples, respectively. Among them, 101 compounds were identified as new existence forms, and 13 original constituents were identified by comparing with reference compounds. The metabolic reactions of constituents from Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma were mainly deglycosylation, dehydration, hydroxylation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, acetylation, and amino acid conjugation. Furthermore, the possible in vivo metabolic pathways of protopanaxatriol(PPT) in rats were proposed. Through comprehensive analysis of the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) data, isomeric compounds were discriminated, and the planar chemical structures of 32 metabolites were clearly identified. According to the literature, 48 original constituents possess antitumor and cardiovascular protective bioactivities. Additionally, 32 metabolites were predicted to have similar bioactivities by SuperPred. This research lays the foundation for further exploring the in vivo effective forms of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma.
Animals
;
Rats
;
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics*
;
Rhizome/metabolism*
;
Male
;
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
;
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
;
Panax notoginseng/chemistry*
;
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
;
Feces/chemistry*
2.Expert consensus on evaluation index system construction for new traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) from TCM clinical practice in medical institutions.
Li LIU ; Lei ZHANG ; Wei-An YUAN ; Zhong-Qi YANG ; Jun-Hua ZHANG ; Bao-He WANG ; Si-Yuan HU ; Zu-Guang YE ; Ling HAN ; Yue-Hua ZHOU ; Zi-Feng YANG ; Rui GAO ; Ming YANG ; Ting WANG ; Jie-Lai XIA ; Shi-Shan YU ; Xiao-Hui FAN ; Hua HUA ; Jia HE ; Yin LU ; Zhong WANG ; Jin-Hui DOU ; Geng LI ; Yu DONG ; Hao YU ; Li-Ping QU ; Jian-Yuan TANG
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2025;50(12):3474-3482
Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators. The expert consensus reached aims to encourage medical institutions at all levels to continuously improve the high-quality research and development and transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and targeted at clinical needs, so as to provide a decision-making basis for the preparation, selection, cultivation, and transformation of new TCM for medical institutions, improve the development efficiency of new TCM, and precisely respond to the public medication needs.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards*
;
Humans
;
Consensus
;
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*
;
Surveys and Questionnaires
3.Identification of critical quality attributes related to property and flavor of Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets based on T1R2/T1R3/TRPV1-HEMT biosensor.
Dong-Hong LIU ; Yan-Yu HAN ; Jing WANG ; Hai-Yang LI ; Xin-Yu GUO ; Hui-Min FENG ; Han HE ; Shuo-Shuo XU ; Zhi-Jian ZHONG ; Zhi-Sheng WU
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2025;50(14):3930-3937
The quality of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is a critical foundation for ensuring the stability of its efficacy, as well as the safety and effectiveness of its clinical use. The identification of critical quality attributes(CQAs) is one of the core components of TCM preparation quality control. This study focuses on Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets and explores their CQAs related to property and flavor from the perspective of taste receptor proteins. Three taste receptor proteins, T1R2, T1R3, and TRPV1, were selected, and a biosensor based on high-electron-mobility transistor(HEMT) was constructed to detect the interactions between Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets and taste receptor proteins. Simultaneously, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) technology was used to analyze the chemical composition of Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets. In examining the interaction strength, the results indicated that the interaction between Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets and TRPV1 protein was the strongest, followed by T1R3, with the interaction with T1R2 being relatively weaker. By combining biosensing technology with LC-MS, 16 chemical components were identified from Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets, among which six were selected as CQAs for sweetness and seven for pungency. Further validation experiments demonstrated that CQAs such as hesperidin and hesperetin had strong interactions with their corresponding taste receptor proteins. Through the combined use of multiple technological approaches, this study successfully determined the property and flavor-related CQAs of Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets. It provides novel ideas and approach for the identification of CQAs in TCM preparations and offers comprehensive theoretical support for TCM quality control, contributing to the improvement and development of TCM preparation quality control systems.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry*
;
Biosensing Techniques/methods*
;
TRPV Cation Channels/chemistry*
;
Tablets/chemistry*
;
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics*
;
Quality Control
;
Taste
;
Humans
;
Mass Spectrometry
4.Mechanism of Jianpi Bushen Yiqi Decoction in promoting AChR clustering and improving neuromuscular junction function in EAMG mice based on Agrin/LRP4/MuSK signaling pathway.
Jia-Hui WANG ; Ru-Ge LIU ; Han-Bin LIU ; Jia-Hao WEI ; Jie ZHANG ; Xue-Ying LIU ; Feng GAO ; Jun-Hong YANG
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2025;50(15):4325-4332
This study investigated the mechanism by which Jianpi Bushen Yiqi Decoction promotes acetylcholine receptor(AChR) clustering in myasthenia gravis through the Agrin/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4(LRP4)/muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinases(MuSK) signaling pathway. A total of 114 female C57BL/6J mice were divided into the normal group, modeling group, and solvent control group. The normal group and the solvent control group were immunized with phosphate-buffered saline(PBS), while the modeling group was established as an experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis(EAMG) model using the murine-derived AChR-α subunit R97-116 peptide fragment. After successful modeling, the mice were randomly assigned to the model group, the low-, medium-, and high-dose Jianpi Bushen Yiqi Decoction groups, and the prednisone group. After four weeks of continuous treatment, muscle strength was assessed using Lennon scores and grip strength tests. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted on differentiated C2C12 myotubes incubated with a drug-containing serum to observe the number of AChR clusters. The integrity of AChR on myofilaments in mouse gastrocnemius muscles was further assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE)staining was applied to examine pathological changes in the gastrocnemius muscles of EAMG mice treated with Jianpi Bushen Yiqi Decoction. Western blot was utilized to detect the expression of key proteins in the Agrin/LRP4/MuSK signaling pathway in both C2C12 myotubes and mouse gastrocnemius muscles. The results demonstrated that compared to the model group, the prednisone group exhibited a significant decrease in the body weights of mice, whereas no significant differences in the body weights of mice were observed among the low-, medium-, and high-dose Jianpi Bushen Yiqi Decoction groups. All treatment groups showed significantly improved grip strength and Lennon scores. Additionally, the formula promoted AChR clustering on myotubes and enhanced AChR integrity in gastrocnemius myofilaments and reduced inflammatory infiltration between muscle tissue and fibrous hyperplasia. Furthermore, Jianpi Bushen Yiqi Decoction upregulated the protein expression of AChRα1, Agrin, and p-MuSK in C2C12 myotubes and increased the protein expression of AChRα1, Agrin, MuSK, p-MuSK, LRP4, and docking protein 7(Dok-7)in gastrocnemius tissue. In conclusion, Jianpi Bushen Yiqi Decoction may promote AChR clustering by targeting key proteins in the Agrin/LRP4/MuSK signaling pathway, thereby improving neuromuscular junction function and enhancing muscle strength.
Animals
;
Agrin/genetics*
;
Mice
;
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage*
;
Signal Transduction/drug effects*
;
Receptors, Cholinergic/genetics*
;
Female
;
Mice, Inbred C57BL
;
Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics*
;
Neuromuscular Junction/metabolism*
;
Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology*
;
Humans
;
LDL-Receptor Related Proteins
5.Rapid enrichment and SERS differentiation of various bacteria in skin interstitial fluid by 4-MPBA-AuNPs-functionalized hydrogel microneedles.
Ying YANG ; Xingyu WANG ; Yexin HU ; Zhongyao LIU ; Xiao MA ; Feng FENG ; Feng ZHENG ; Xinlin GUO ; Wenyuan LIU ; Wenting LIAO ; Lingfei HAN
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2025;15(3):101152-101152
Bacterial infection is a major threat to global public health, and can cause serious diseases such as bacterial skin infection and foodborne diseases. It is essential to develop a new method to rapidly diagnose clinical multiple bacterial infections and monitor food microbial contamination in production sites in real-time. In this work, we developed a 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid gold nanoparticles (4-MPBA-AuNPs)-functionalized hydrogel microneedle (MPBA-H-MN) for bacteria detection in skin interstitial fluid. MPBA-H-MN could conveniently capture and enrich a variety of bacteria within 5 min. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection was then performed and combined with machine learning technology to distinguish and identify a variety of bacteria. Overall, the capture efficiency of this method exceeded 50%. In the concentration range of 1 × 107 to 1 × 1010 colony-forming units/mL (CFU/mL), the corresponding SERS intensity showed a certain linear relationship with the bacterial concentration. Using random forest (RF)-based machine learning, bacteria were effectively distinguished with an accuracy of 97.87%. In addition, the harmless disposal of used MNs by photothermal ablation was convenient, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive. This technique provided a potential method for rapid and real-time diagnosis of multiple clinical bacterial infections and for monitoring microbial contamination of food in production sites.
6.Aldolase A accelerates hepatocarcinogenesis by refactoring c-Jun transcription.
Xin YANG ; Guang-Yuan MA ; Xiao-Qiang LI ; Na TANG ; Yang SUN ; Xiao-Wei HAO ; Ke-Han WU ; Yu-Bo WANG ; Wen TIAN ; Xin FAN ; Zezhi LI ; Caixia FENG ; Xu CHAO ; Yu-Fan WANG ; Yao LIU ; Di LI ; Wei CAO
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2025;15(7):101169-101169
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) expresses abundant glycolytic enzymes and displays comprehensive glucose metabolism reprogramming. Aldolase A (ALDOA) plays a prominent role in glycolysis; however, little is known about its role in HCC development. In the present study, we aim to explore how ALDOA is involved in HCC proliferation. HCC proliferation was markedly suppressed both in vitro and in vivo following ALDOA knockout, which is consistent with ALDOA overexpression encouraging HCC proliferation. Mechanistically, ALDOA knockout partially limits the glycolytic flux in HCC cells. Meanwhile, ALDOA translocated to nuclei and directly interacted with c-Jun to facilitate its Thr93 phosphorylation by P21-activated protein kinase; ALDOA knockout markedly diminished c-Jun Thr93 phosphorylation and then dampened c-Jun transcription function. A crucial site Y364 mutation in ALDOA disrupted its interaction with c-Jun, and Y364S ALDOA expression failed to rescue cell proliferation in ALDOA deletion cells. In HCC patients, the expression level of ALDOA was correlated with the phosphorylation level of c-Jun (Thr93) and poor prognosis. Remarkably, hepatic ALDOA was significantly upregulated in the promotion and progression stages of diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC models, and the knockdown of A ldoa strikingly decreased HCC development in vivo. Our study demonstrated that ALDOA is a vital driver for HCC development by activating c-Jun-mediated oncogene transcription, opening additional avenues for anti-cancer therapies.
7.Immunomodulatory effect of short-chain fatty acids in hepatic encephalopathy and its potential diagnostic value
Weiyu CHEN ; Dewen MAO ; Han WANG ; Yang DU ; Wenqian FENG ; Lei FU ; Chun YAO
Journal of Clinical Hepatology 2025;41(5):954-962
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication of severe liver disease in the end stage, and it is urgently needed to improve the rate of effective treatment and clarify the pathogenesis of HE. The liver is a crucial hub for immune regulation, and disruption of immune homeostasis is a key factor in the pathological mechanisms of HE. As the main metabolites of intestinal flora, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a vital role in the biological processes of both innate and adaptive immunity and can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells maintain the homeostasis of intestinal microenvironment and the integrity of barrier function. Studies have shown that SCFAs participate in bidirectional and dynamic interactions with the liver-gut-brain axis through immunomodulatory pathways, thereby playing an important role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic evaluation of HE. Starting from the immunoregulatory effect of SCFAs, this article summarizes and analyzes the crosstalk relationship between SCFAs and the liver-gut-brain axis and the significance of SCFAs in the diagnosis and treatment of HE, in order to provide new ideas for optimizing clinical prevention and treatment strategies.
8.Current status of acupuncture education and reflections on future reforms.
Zhiwei FENG ; Shan HAN ; Yang LI ; Yu XING ; Jingyi LIU ; Peng BAI
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2025;45(7):1003-1007
Education is a crucial element in the development of acupuncture as a discipline, providing essential talent support for its future advancement. A structured interview was conducted with renowned acupuncture expert Professor ZHAO Jiping, focusing on key topics such as the core of acupuncture education, the connotation and development of acupuncture textbooks, and acupuncture teaching models. Through in-depth discussion, the current problems in acupuncture education were analyzed, and possible solutions were explored, aiming to offer ideas for the innovative development of acupuncture education.
Acupuncture/trends*
;
Humans
;
Acupuncture Therapy
;
China
9.Impact of posterior cruciate ligament resection on the elasticity of the periarticular soft tissue sleeve in the knee joint.
Yun-Feng ZHANG ; De-Jin YANG ; Zhao-Lun WANG ; Yi-Xin ZHOU ; Hao TANG ; Xiang-Dong WU ; Han-Long ZHENG
China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology 2025;38(10):1055-1060
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the effects of posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) resection on soft tissue elasticity and knee stability in total knee arthroplasty(TKA).
METHODS:
Six adult cadaveric knee specimens (involving 10 knees) were included in the study. With the assistance of the robotic system(TiRobot Recon, TINAVI, Beijing), total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was performed sequentially using cruciate retaining (CR) prostheses and posterior stabilizing (PS) prostheses. Between the two surgical procedures, the femoral and tibial osteotomy surfaces were not altered;only the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was resected and the intercondylar fossa was treated. After installing the femoral trial component, a soft tissue balance solver was used to apply tension ranging from 30 N to 90 N in 5 N increments at 0°, 10°, and 90° of knee flexion. Meanwhile, the medial and lateral joint gaps were measured synchronously. Based on the tension-gap coupling data, the equivalent elastic coefficients of the medial and lateral soft tissue sleeves at different knee flexion angles, as well as the range of the joint line convergence angle (JLCA) under fixed varus-valgus stress, were calculated. Additionally, the gap balance status under 80 N of tension was analyzed. Self-control comparisons of each indicator were conducted before and after PCL resection to analyze the change patterns.
RESULTS:
After PCL resection, in the fully extended position (knee flexion 0°). The medial equivalent elastic coefficient was 32.2 (25.7, 63.3) N·mm-1 for the CR prosthesis and 27.7 (22.0, 51.9) N·mm-1 for the PS prosthesis, and the statistically significant difference (P=0.013). The range of JLCA was 0.41°(0.26, 0.55)° for the CR prosthesis, which was smaller than 0.75° (0.40, 0.98)° for the PS prosthesis, and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.041). At 90° of knee flexion, the medial joint gap was 10.7(10.1, 11.7) mm for the CR prosthesis, which was smaller than 12.1(10.9, 15.1) mm for the PS prosthesis, with a statistically significant difference(P=0.011). No statistically significant differences were observed in other joint gaps.
CONCLUSION
PCL resection reduces the rigidity of the medial soft tissues in the fully extended knee and increases the medial joint gap in the flexed position, thereby affecting knee stability and balance. This finding suggests that PS and CR prostheses may require different morphological designs, and there should be differences in indications and osteotomy strategies between CR-TKA and PS-TKA. CR-TKA is more suitable for patients with preoperative medial soft tissue laxity.
Humans
;
Posterior Cruciate Ligament/physiopathology*
;
Knee Joint/physiopathology*
;
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee
;
Elasticity
;
Male
;
Female
;
Middle Aged
;
Aged
;
Biomechanical Phenomena
;
Adult
10.The Relationship between Ig Class Switch Recombination and MMR Protein, Microsatellite Phenotype in Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma of Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue.
Hong-Xia WANG ; Jun CHEN ; Jing LI ; Guo-Feng LU ; Xiu-Hua HAN ; Rong YANG ; Ya-Jun JIANG
Journal of Experimental Hematology 2025;33(4):1036-1041
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the relationship between Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and mismatch repair (MMR) protein, microsatellite phenotype in extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma).
METHODS:
Forty cases of MALT lymphoma archived in the Department of Pathology, Jiading District Central Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences were selected as the observation group, and twenty cases of benign lymphoid tissue hyperplasia were as the control group. The expressions of IgG, IgM, IgD, and IgA in both groups were detected by immunohistochemical double staining, and MMR proteins including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 in both groups were detected by immunohistochemistry. Multiplex fluorescence PCR capillary electrophoresis was used to detect microsatellite phenotype in tumor and adjacent tissues of the experimental group.
RESULTS:
In the observation group, the proportions of single Ig heavy chain expression (modeⅠ), negative expression (modeⅡ), and multiple expression (mode Ⅲ) were 65% (26/40), 27.5% (11/40), and 7.5% (3/40), respectively, while in the control group were 0 (0/20), 5% (1/20), and 95% (19/20). The proportion of Ig heavy chain expression mode Ⅰ+Ⅱ in the observation group was 92.5%, which was significantly higher than 5% in the control group (P < 0.01). In the observation group, partial deletion of MMR protein was observed in 3 cases (7.5%), including 2 cases of MSH6 deletion and 1 case of both MSH6 and PMS2 deletion. In the control group, there was 1 case (5%) with PMS2 deletion. There was no significant difference in the deletion rate of MMR protein between the two groups ( P >0.05). A total of 5 cases of microsatellite instability (MSI) were detected in the observation group, including 1 case of low-frequency MSI (MSI-L), 4 cases of high-frequency MSI (MSI-H), and 2 cases of MSI-H with MSH6 deletion. When the loss expression of MSI-H or MMR protein was counted as a positive result, the MSI-H rate detected by PCR capillary electrophoresis was 10% (4/40), which was slightly higher than the MMR protein deletion rate detected by immunohistochemistry (7.5%, 3/40), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P >0.05). The MMR protein deletion rates among the Ig heavy chain protein expression mode Ⅰ, mode Ⅱ, and mode Ⅲ groups were 0 (0/26), 18.2% (2/11), and 33.3% (1/3), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the constituent ratios among the three groups (P < 0.05). The MMR protein deletion rates among the MSS, MSI-L, and MSI-H groups were 2.9% (1/35), 0 (0/1), and 50% (2/4), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the constituent ratios among the three groups (P < 0.05). MMR protein deficiency was positively correlated with Ig heavy chain expression pattern and MSI ( r =0.41, P < 0.05; r =0.48, P < 0.05), but Ig heavy chain expression pattern was not correlated with MSI ( r =0.02, P >0.05).
CONCLUSION
Ig heavy chain CSR detection is helpful for the differential diagnosis of MALT lymphoma. Low frequency MMR protein deletion and MSI-H phenotype exist in MALT lymphoma, which may be of certain value for the study of its occurrence, development and clinical treatment.
Humans
;
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics*
;
DNA Mismatch Repair
;
Immunoglobulin Class Switching
;
DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism*
;
MutS Homolog 2 Protein
;
Microsatellite Repeats
;
Phenotype
;
MutL Protein Homolog 1
;
Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2
;
Male

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