Objective To address the need for rapid review of automated organ-at-risk (OAR) contouring for head-and-neck cancer in online adaptive radiotherapy, this study used dosimetric indices as the reference standard to evaluate the suitability of geometric similarity metrics and to develop a rapid screening model that balances the risk of missed errors with review efficiency. Methods This retrospective study included 29 patients with head-and-neck radiotherapy, yielding 243 pairs of OAR contours (auto-generated vs. manual). Geometric similarity metrics, including the Dice similarity coefficient (Dice), the 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95), and the maximum Hausdorff distance (HD100), were computed between the two contour sets. Using the dose distributions from clinical treatment plans, dosimetric differences between the two contour sets were calculated for key indices, including mean dose (D_mean) and maximum dose (D_max). Correlations between geometric metrics and dosimetric differences were analyzed. Dosimetric discrepancy events were defined as Y_3Gy using a threshold of 3 Gy. Within a univariable logistic regression triage framework, each geometric metric was used as an independent variable to estimate the probability of Y_3Gy. Discriminative performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and precision-recall (PR) curves, with the area under the curve (AUC) including ROC-AUC and PR-AUC. Practical operating thresholds were determined via threshold sweeping. Results Geometric similarity metrics showed weak-to-moderate correlations with dosimetric differences; compared with maximum dose, correlations with mean dose differences were more consistent. Among the evaluated metrics, HD95 achieved the best classification performance for Y_3Gy. Threshold sweeping suggested that an HD95 threshold in the range of 4-9 mm can balance the risk of missed discrepancies with the efficiency of automated contour quality assurance (QA). Conclusion Several geometric similarity metrics demonstrated only weak-to-moderate associations with dosimetric differences. For head-and-neck OAR contour QA in this study, HD95 provided the best discriminative performance and can support rapid triage of automated contours, with a practical operating threshold range of 4-9 mm, potentially improving the efficiency of adaptive radiotherapy workflows.

Objective To address the need for rapid review of automated organ-at-risk (OAR) contouring for head-and-neck cancer in online adaptive radiotherapy, this study used dosimetric indices as the reference standard to evaluate the suitability of geometric similarity metrics and to develop a rapid screening model that balances the risk of missed errors with review efficiency. Methods This retrospective study included 29 patients with head-and-neck radiotherapy, yielding 243 pairs of OAR contours (auto-generated vs. manual). Geometric similarity metrics, including the Dice similarity coefficient (Dice), the 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95), and the maximum Hausdorff distance (HD100), were computed between the two contour sets. Using the dose distributions from clinical treatment plans, dosimetric differences between the two contour sets were calculated for key indices, including mean dose (D_mean) and maximum dose (D_max). Correlations between geometric metrics and dosimetric differences were analyzed. Dosimetric discrepancy events were defined as Y_3Gy using a threshold of 3 Gy. Within a univariable logistic regression triage framework, each geometric metric was used as an independent variable to estimate the probability of Y_3Gy. Discriminative performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and precision-recall (PR) curves, with the area under the curve (AUC) including ROC-AUC and PR-AUC. Practical operating thresholds were determined via threshold sweeping. Results Geometric similarity metrics showed weak-to-moderate correlations with dosimetric differences; compared with maximum dose, correlations with mean dose differences were more consistent. Among the evaluated metrics, HD95 achieved the best classification performance for Y_3Gy. Threshold sweeping suggested that an HD95 threshold in the range of 4-9 mm can balance the risk of missed discrepancies with the efficiency of automated contour quality assurance (QA). Conclusion Several geometric similarity metrics demonstrated only weak-to-moderate associations with dosimetric differences. For head-and-neck OAR contour QA in this study, HD95 provided the best discriminative performance and can support rapid triage of automated contours, with a practical operating threshold range of 4-9 mm, potentially improving the efficiency of adaptive radiotherapy workflows.

Objective To address the need for rapid review of automated organ-at-risk (OAR) contouring for head-and-neck cancer in online adaptive radiotherapy, this study used dosimetric indices as the reference standard to evaluate the suitability of geometric similarity metrics and to develop a rapid screening model that balances the risk of missed errors with review efficiency. Methods This retrospective study included 29 patients with head-and-neck radiotherapy, yielding 243 pairs of OAR contours (auto-generated vs. manual). Geometric similarity metrics, including the Dice similarity coefficient (Dice), the 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95), and the maximum Hausdorff distance (HD100), were computed between the two contour sets. Using the dose distributions from clinical treatment plans, dosimetric differences between the two contour sets were calculated for key indices, including mean dose (D_mean) and maximum dose (D_max). Correlations between geometric metrics and dosimetric differences were analyzed. Dosimetric discrepancy events were defined as Y_3Gy using a threshold of 3 Gy. Within a univariable logistic regression triage framework, each geometric metric was used as an independent variable to estimate the probability of Y_3Gy. Discriminative performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and precision-recall (PR) curves, with the area under the curve (AUC) including ROC-AUC and PR-AUC. Practical operating thresholds were determined via threshold sweeping. Results Geometric similarity metrics showed weak-to-moderate correlations with dosimetric differences; compared with maximum dose, correlations with mean dose differences were more consistent. Among the evaluated metrics, HD95 achieved the best classification performance for Y_3Gy. Threshold sweeping suggested that an HD95 threshold in the range of 4-9 mm can balance the risk of missed discrepancies with the efficiency of automated contour quality assurance (QA). Conclusion Several geometric similarity metrics demonstrated only weak-to-moderate associations with dosimetric differences. For head-and-neck OAR contour QA in this study, HD95 provided the best discriminative performance and can support rapid triage of automated contours, with a practical operating threshold range of 4-9 mm, potentially improving the efficiency of adaptive radiotherapy workflows.

Objective To investigate the effects of hypoxia on the transcriptional phenotype and ultrastructure of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)in glioma.Methods CD14+monocytes were isolated from healthy human peripheral blood samples collected from the Blood Bank of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University,and the cells were induced to differentiate into TAMs through co-culture with glioma cell-conditioned medium.Hypoxic TAM models were established using varying concentrations of cobalt chloride hexahydrate(CoCl2,50～400 μmol/L)or hypoxic conditions(1%,5%,10%O2)for 48 h,while normoxic TAM models(21%O2)served as controls.RT-qPCR and transcriptome sequencing were employed to analyze transcriptional changes in TAMs under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was applied to compare the differences in angiogenesis,glycolysis and other hypoxia-responsive pathways between the 2 conditions.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)or immunofluorescence staining was conducted to assess the ultrastructural alterations in cytoskeleton,endoplasmic reticulum(ER),and mitochondria in normoxic and hypoxic TAMs(1%O2).Results Hypoxic TAMs exhibited up-regulated transcription of hypoxia-responsive markers(oxygen transport,glycolysis,pro-angiogenesis),with the effects correlating with hypoxia severity(P<0.05).GSEA revealed significant up-regulation of hypoxia,angiogenesis regulation,glycolysis and gluconeogenesis,and starvation stress pathways,alongside down-regulation of innate immunity,macrophage activation,cytoskeleton,and protein maturation pathways in hypoxic TAMs(P<0.05).TEM and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated obvious ultrastructure changes,including disrupted cytoskeletal organization,shortened rough ER with reduced ribosomes,mitochondrial swelling with cristae damage,and diminished ER-mitochondria contacts in hypoxic TAMs.Conclusion CoCl2 and hypoxia induce a hypoxic transcriptional phenotype in TAMs,which may potentially associated with ultrastructural remodeling of the cytoskeleton,ER,and mitochondria.

Acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACMP) is one of the most common gas poisonings in the emergency department, with tens of thousands of people seeking medical attention for carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning each year. The severity of poisoning is dependent upon environmental and human factors, with hypoxia and oxidative stress being important mechanisms of cardiac toxicity induced by CO. Myocardial involvement is common in moderate to severe ACMP, including myocardial injury, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and sudden death, which are associated with a high risk of death. Ferroptosis is a cell death mechanism caused by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO), although ferroptosis has been shown to play a critical role in various cardiovascular diseases, the potential mechanism by which it contributes to ACMP-induced myocardial injury is unclear. This review discusses the established link between ferroptosis and cardiovascular disease and summarizes the potential role of ferroptosis in ACMP-induced myocardial injury and the detrimental effects of ACMP on the heart. Elucidating these mechanisms could guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies that target ferroptosis to mitigate ACMP-induced myocardial injury. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation for future research on the potential use of ferroptosis as a therapeutic target for ACMP-induced myocardial injury.
Humans ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/complications* ; Ferroptosis ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Myocardium/pathology* ; Oxidative Stress

BACKGROUND:Patch clamp technique has been developed for more than 40 years as the"gold standard"for the study of ion channels.However,the research content of scientific research institutions is relatively independent,and the existing research results are not systematically summarized,which leads to the phenomenon of high repeatability and weak innovation in the existing research.Therefore,it is urgent to make a comprehensive review of patch clamp technology to clarify the current research status,hot spots,and future development direction.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research status and development trend of patch clamp technique in recent 10 years.METHODS:Publications on patch clamp technology from 2013 to 2023 were collected using the Web of Science core collection database.CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to quantify the number of publications and analyze the network of literature entries,including countries,institutions,journals,authors,keywords,highly cited literature,and co-cited references.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In recent 10 years,the research in the field of patch clamp technology has gradually entered a stage of stable development.(2)China and the United States are the leading countries in this regard.The Chinese Academy of Sciences is an institution with core influence.Journal of Neuroscience is the main publication.Park,Won Sun team(Jeonbuk National University)and Chu,Li team(Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease)have made outstanding contributions in this field,but there is less collaboration and communication between the teams and no network cooperation model has been formed.(3)Patch clamp technology is mainly used in the electrophysiological characteristics of the nervous system and the pathological mechanism of the disease,which is the focus of researchers'continuous attention.(4)In the study of electrophysiological characteristics of cardiovascular system and its pathological mechanism,the electrophysiological characteristics of primary cardiomyocytes and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and the pathological mechanism of atrial fibrillation,cardiotoxicity,sudden cardiac death,hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases have been the focus of research in recent years.(5)In the application of patch clamp technology combined with other biotechnology,it will be an important research direction to focus on the cross fusion with optogenetics,two-photon calcium imaging and other technologies.(6)In the research of drug screening and identification of therapeutic targets,especially the research of patch clamp technology and traditional Chinese medicine compound,it will become a great help in the future research of component traditional Chinese medicine.

[Purpose]To analyze the survival rate of prostate cancer patients hospitalized in Nan-tong Tumor Hospital from 2007 to 2017.[Methods]A total of 478 prostate cancer patients were admitted in Nantong Tumor Hospital from 2007 to 2017 and 476 cases(99.58％)were followed up till December 31,2020.The survival rate of patients was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method;Soft-ware SPSS 25.0 and the Log-rank test were employed for statistical analysis.[Results]The aver-age age of prostate cancer patients at admission was(71.74±8.02)years old,and 79.08％were aged 60～79 years.The median survival time was 43 months,and the observed 1-,3-,5-and 10-year survival rates were 77.20％,56.07％,43.01％and 24.53％,respectively.The 5-year survival rates for the age groups of 35～59,60～79 and ≥80 years old were 31.73％,46.64％and 29.65％,respectively(P＜0.05).The 5-year survival rates for patients with stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ,stage Ⅲ,stage IV,and unknown stage were 88.10％,71.66％,33.35％and 37.55％,respectively(P＜0.001).The 5-year survival rates for the periods 2007-2012 and 2013-2017 were 32.85％and 47.79％,re-spectively(P＜0.05).Furthermore survival rates differed significantly across different regions within the jurisdiction(P＜0.05).[Conclusion]Over the past decade,the survival rate of hospital-based prostate cancer patients has significantly improved.Early-stage cases can achieve better survival rates,but the survival rate of elderly patients remains a challenge.Efforts should be made to reduce the proportion of patients with unknown staging Comprehensive measures for prostate cancer prevention and control should be strengthened to reduce incidence,improve prognosis and enhance quality of life of patients.

Objective:To investigate the influence of ultrasonic monitoring of bladder filling levels on setup errors before fractionated radiotherapy for cervical cancer patients through a comparative analysis, and its effectiveness in improving clinical target volume (CTV) margins.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 1 284 error data of setup via cone beam CT (CBCT) and 6D setup error correction system from 172 cervical cancer patients treated in the Radiotherapy Department of Peking University Cancer Hospital from January 2019 to October 2023. These patients were classified into two groups: 87 (659 times of setup) with ultrasonic monitoring of bladder filling levels and 85 (625 times of setup) without ultrasonic monitoring. The setup errors, error distributions, and numbers of abnormal setups between the two groups were compared in the lateral (Lat), longitudinal (Lng), vertical (Vrt), pitch (Pitch), roll (Roll), and rotational (Rtn) dimensions. Moreover, the CTV to planning target volume(PTV) margin values in the three-dimensional direction were calculated for both groups to assess the clinical value of ultrasonic monitoring of bladder filling levels before fractionated radiotherapy.Results:Compared to the group without ultrasonic monitoring, the group with ultrasonic monitoring exhibited lower median values of setup errors in all six-dimensional directions and smaller upper and lower interquartile ranges ( Z = -10.86 to -6.34, P<0.05). The group with ultrasonic monitoring manifested more concentrated setup errors in various directions and statistically significantly reduced numbers of abnormal setups ( χ2=15.33, P<0.05). Moreover, CTV-PTV margins of the group with ultrasonic monitoring displayed reduced CTV-PTV margin values by 0.55, 1.52, and 1.26 mm in the Vrt, Lng, and Lat directions, respectively. Conclusions:Pre-radiotherapy ultrasonic monitoring of bladder filling levels in cervical cancer patients can significantly improve the repeatability of setup, thus notably reducing the incidence of abnormal setups. Theoretically, it can narrow the range from the CTV to the PTV, thereby minimizing radiation exposure to healthy tissues and ultimately enhancing radiotherapy precision for cervical cancer and reducing radiation damage.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of multiparametric imaging on the dual-source CT through acceptance and commissioning testing, and to provide a reference for standardized clinical application. Methods Both the adult and pediatric dual-source CT scanning modes were used to scan the electron density phantom, and identical multiparametric image reconstruction tasks were performed, including the conventional CT images, the mixed CT images, the virtual monoenergetic images, the iodine images, the electron density images, and the effective atomic number images. Results In the adult scanning mode, the virtual monoenergetic CT numbers showed the greatest difference for the cortical bone (1722 HU at 40 keV vs. 30 HU at 80 keV), with smaller differences observed for other materials as their atomic numbers decreased. The pediatric scanning mode exhibited a similar trend, with the largest difference occurring at 40 keV (1393 HU). In the adult scanning mode, the deviations between the theoretical and measured iodine concentration values were all within 5%, whereas in the pediatric scanning mode, the largest deviation was 15% for an iodine concentration of 2.0 mg/mL. For the electron density, the largest deviation between the theoretical and measured values occurred in the LN450 lung (9.18% in the adult scanning mode and 8.96% in the pediatric scanning mode); the deviations for the LN300 lung were all below 7.2%, for aluminum below 6.3%, and for other tissues within 3%. For the effective atomic number, the deviations between the theoretical and measured values were all within 5% in both scanning modes. Conclusion To ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of the dual-source CT applications, a comprehensive acceptance testing protocol should be established to guarantee the safety and precision of the CT localization process.