Objective: To establish an accurate and rapid typing method for Rh typing of samples from patients who have received recent blood transfusions by utilizing the difference in osmotic fragility between fresh and old red blood cells. Methods: A lysing solution suitable for destroying old RBCs was prepared. Sixty-one samples collected in our hospital in 2024 with Rh typing of double groups were treated with the lysing solution to remove the old allogeneic red blood cells while preserving the patient's own fresh red blood cells, followed by repeat Rh typing tests. Results: For 61 samples with Rh typing in double groups, 41 were accurately detected identified through the red blood cell lysis method, yielding an identification rate of 67.21%. No significant difference was observed compared to the detection rate of the commonly used capillary centrifugation modified method (χ =0.103, P>0.05). Conclusion: The red blood cell lysis method provides a novel and rapid experimental approach for clinical use in processing Rh-typed samples that are of double groups, thereby offering a basis for Rh compatibility blood transfusion.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetic profile of zidovudine and lamivudine tablets(ZL)in Chinese healthy subjects and to evaluate its bioequivalence and safety.Methods A randomized,open,single-dose,two-sequence,four-cycle and fully replicated crossover bioequivalence trial was conducted in 32 healthy subjects both fasting and postprandial,and two preparations of ZL tablets were administered orally in each cycle,with a washout period of 5 days.The concentrations of zidovudine and lamivudine in plasma were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.The pharmacokinetic evaluation index parameters were statistically analyzed using Phoenix WinNonlin version 8.1 data statistical software to evaluate bioequivalence.Results The Cmax of zidovudine under fasting and postprandial conditions between ZL and the reference drugs after a single dose were(3 782.499±1 921.649)vs.(3 543.164±1 946.076)ng·mL-1 and(1 585.827±914.246)vs.(1 667.595±862.945)ng·mL-1,respectively.And the AUC0-t for fasting and postprandial conditions of zidovudine was(3 177.091±819.538)vs.(3 071.375±972.145)h·ng·mL-1 and(2 437.999±478.147)vs.(2 402.725±477.792)h·ng·mL-1,respectively;while the AUC0-∞ were(3 225.674±825.131)vs.(3 093.448±972.340)h·ng·mL-1and(2 464.310±480.790)vs.(2 427.693±477.933)h·ng·mL-1,respectively.The Cmax of a single dose of lamivudine under fasting and postprandial conditions between ZL and the reference drugs were(1 923.329±490.572)vs.(1 830.570±476.947)ng·mL-1 and(1 922.711±589.130)vs.(1 881.857±527.577)ng·mL-1,respectively.The AUC0-t for preprandial and postprandial lamivudine was(7 598.265±1 376.774)vs.(7 283.422±1 356.146)h·ng·mL-1 and(7 554.169±958.379)vs.(7 329.376±924.075)h·ng·mL-1,respectively,whereas the AUC0-∞ were(7 734.038±1 326.907)vs.(7 405.088±1 340.036)h·ng·mL-1 and(7 660.916±958.694)vs.(7 435.102±930.448)h·ng·mL-1,in fasting and fed tests,the 90％confidence intervals(CI)of the geometric mean ratios of the main pharmacokinetic parameters between test and reference preparations were all within the range of 80％-125％,respectively.A total of 37 adverse events occurred during the trial period,including 21 in the fasting group and 16 in the postprandial group,and no serious adverse events occurred.Conclusion The test formulations of zidovudine and lamivudine tablets were bioequivalent and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions compared to the reference tablets.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetic profile of zidovudine and lamivudine tablets(ZL)in Chinese healthy subjects and to evaluate its bioequivalence and safety.Methods A randomized,open,single-dose,two-sequence,four-cycle and fully replicated crossover bioequivalence trial was conducted in 32 healthy subjects both fasting and postprandial,and two preparations of ZL tablets were administered orally in each cycle,with a washout period of 5 days.The concentrations of zidovudine and lamivudine in plasma were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.The pharmacokinetic evaluation index parameters were statistically analyzed using Phoenix WinNonlin version 8.1 data statistical software to evaluate bioequivalence.Results The Cmax of zidovudine under fasting and postprandial conditions between ZL and the reference drugs after a single dose were(3 782.499±1 921.649)vs.(3 543.164±1 946.076)ng·mL-1 and(1 585.827±914.246)vs.(1 667.595±862.945)ng·mL-1,respectively.And the AUC0-t for fasting and postprandial conditions of zidovudine was(3 177.091±819.538)vs.(3 071.375±972.145)h·ng·mL-1 and(2 437.999±478.147)vs.(2 402.725±477.792)h·ng·mL-1,respectively;while the AUC0-∞ were(3 225.674±825.131)vs.(3 093.448±972.340)h·ng·mL-1and(2 464.310±480.790)vs.(2 427.693±477.933)h·ng·mL-1,respectively.The Cmax of a single dose of lamivudine under fasting and postprandial conditions between ZL and the reference drugs were(1 923.329±490.572)vs.(1 830.570±476.947)ng·mL-1 and(1 922.711±589.130)vs.(1 881.857±527.577)ng·mL-1,respectively.The AUC0-t for preprandial and postprandial lamivudine was(7 598.265±1 376.774)vs.(7 283.422±1 356.146)h·ng·mL-1 and(7 554.169±958.379)vs.(7 329.376±924.075)h·ng·mL-1,respectively,whereas the AUC0-∞ were(7 734.038±1 326.907)vs.(7 405.088±1 340.036)h·ng·mL-1 and(7 660.916±958.694)vs.(7 435.102±930.448)h·ng·mL-1,in fasting and fed tests,the 90％confidence intervals(CI)of the geometric mean ratios of the main pharmacokinetic parameters between test and reference preparations were all within the range of 80％-125％,respectively.A total of 37 adverse events occurred during the trial period,including 21 in the fasting group and 16 in the postprandial group,and no serious adverse events occurred.Conclusion The test formulations of zidovudine and lamivudine tablets were bioequivalent and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions compared to the reference tablets.

In 2020,the Pharmaceutical Service Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association,the Respiratory Disease Branch of the Chinese Medical Association,and the Respiratory Physician Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Associ-ation jointly established the"Cough and Wheezing Pharmaceutical Care Clinic(CWPC)program".The specification on CWPC construction provides guidance and reference for improving the quality of cough and wheezing pharmaceutical care services.The Chinese Pharmaceutical Association Specifications on Cough and Wheeze Pharmaceutical Care Clinic construction covered two as-pects,the construction and service of CWPC,respectively.With the analysis of relevant standards,policies and regulations,tech-nical specifications,literature,and other materials,the specification standardized 19 key elements in the organization's construc-tion,service process,quality management,and evaluation improvement.This paper mainly analyzed the construction process and content of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association Specifications on Cough and Wheeze Pharmaceutical Care Clinic construction,to strengthen the publicity and implementation of the specification,deepen the understanding of the specification content,and pro-mote the implementation of the specification.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of autologous umbilical cord whole blood(UCB) priming of the cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) circuit in neonatal cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease(CHD).Methods:This prospective non-randomized controlled trial included neonates undergoing CHD surgery at Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital from August 2024 to January 2025. The experimental group used autologous UCB for CPB circuit priming, while the control group used adult allogeneic blood(AAB) priming when UCB was unavailable. Preoperative characteristics, intraoperative CPB and aortic cross-clamping(ACC) times, postoperative ICU stay duration, mechanical ventilation time, and hospitalization length were compared.Results:There were no significant differences in preoperative baseline characteristics between the two groups( P>0.05). At the end of surgery, red blood cell count(RBC), hemoglobin level(Hb), and creatine kinase(CK) showed no significant differences between the groups( P> 0.05). Additionally, perioperative left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) demonstrated no statistically significant variations( P>0.05). At surgery completion, the UCB group exhibited lower hematocrit(HCT) and higher blood lactic acid(Lac) levels but these differences resolved by 6 hours postoperatively( P>0.05). The UCB group had higher maximum vasoactive-inotropic scores(VISmax) within 48 hours and longer ICU stays, though total hospitalization and mechanical ventilation durations showed no significant differences( P>0.05). Conclusion:Autologous UCB priming reduces AAB requirements and has minimal impact on postoperative cardiac and pulmonary function recovery, or homeostasis., which is safe and feasible. This study provides evidence supporting the clinical application of UCB priming in CPB circuits.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of autologous umbilical cord whole blood(UCB) priming of the cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) circuit in neonatal cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease(CHD).Methods:This prospective non-randomized controlled trial included neonates undergoing CHD surgery at Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital from August 2024 to January 2025. The experimental group used autologous UCB for CPB circuit priming, while the control group used adult allogeneic blood(AAB) priming when UCB was unavailable. Preoperative characteristics, intraoperative CPB and aortic cross-clamping(ACC) times, postoperative ICU stay duration, mechanical ventilation time, and hospitalization length were compared.Results:There were no significant differences in preoperative baseline characteristics between the two groups( P>0.05). At the end of surgery, red blood cell count(RBC), hemoglobin level(Hb), and creatine kinase(CK) showed no significant differences between the groups( P> 0.05). Additionally, perioperative left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) demonstrated no statistically significant variations( P>0.05). At surgery completion, the UCB group exhibited lower hematocrit(HCT) and higher blood lactic acid(Lac) levels but these differences resolved by 6 hours postoperatively( P>0.05). The UCB group had higher maximum vasoactive-inotropic scores(VISmax) within 48 hours and longer ICU stays, though total hospitalization and mechanical ventilation durations showed no significant differences( P>0.05). Conclusion:Autologous UCB priming reduces AAB requirements and has minimal impact on postoperative cardiac and pulmonary function recovery, or homeostasis., which is safe and feasible. This study provides evidence supporting the clinical application of UCB priming in CPB circuits.

Objective:To determine the prevalence of self-reported food allergies among children in the grasslands of North China and to analyze its associated risk factors.Methods:In this study, a cross-sectional epidemiological survey method was used to select children under 14 years old by multi-stage, stratified and random cluster sampling in the grassland ecological area of Zhangbei County, Hebei Province, China from May to July 2018. Face-to-face questionnaires were administered to gather food allergy-related information from the participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors associated with self-reported food allergy.Results:A total of 2 086 children completed the survey. The prevalence of self-reported food allergies was 22.0%(459/2 086). The prevalence of multiple food allergies (≥3 types) was 3.1%(64/2 086) versus 16.3% (341/2 086) for a single food allergy among all children. Mango allergy (6.1%, 127/2 086) was the most common, followed by peach allergy (4.1%, 85/2 086). Children who reported food allergies had a significantly higher prevalence of all 4 atopic disorders (eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis than those without food allergies(35.73% vs. 20.65%, 5.88% vs. 2.77%, 17.86% vs. 7.38%, 16.78% vs. 10.45%, χ2 =44.663 1, 10.434 3, 45.038 3, 13.728 4, all P<0.001).Significantly associated risk factors of food allergy were found to be pollen allergy ( OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.80-2.92) and drug allergy ( OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.12-2.09). Conclusions:The prevalence of self-reported food allergies among children in the Zhangbei County area of the North China Grassland was relatively high. Pollen allergy and drug allergy are major risk factors.

Objective:To investigate the current status of knowledge, attitude, and practice in career planning among medical students and its influencing factors, and to facilitate the education of medical career planning.Methods:The convenience sampling method was used to distribute a self-made questionnaire, and related data were gathered from 295 medical students in Wuhan, China. SPSS 26.0 was used to perform analyses of related categorical variables, including descriptive statistics, univariate tests, rank-sum tests, and the binary logistic regression analysis.Results:The results showed that the medical students with good performance of career planning knowledge, attitude, and practice accounted for 68.48%, 87.12%, and 54.92%, respectively. Major, grade, professional satisfaction, and professional learning objectives were influencing factors for career planning knowledge among the medical students ( P<0.05); the intention for laboratory participation, the basis for major selection, and professional learning objectives were influencing factors for career planning attitude ( P<0.05); grade, internship experience, and professional learning objectives were influencing factors for career planning practice ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Related measures should be adopted to strengthen career planning education for medical talents, such as perfecting the whole-process and multi-agent career planning guidance system, stimulating the enthusiasm of students, and clarifying professional learning objectives.

In 2020,the Pharmaceutical Service Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association,the Respiratory Disease Branch of the Chinese Medical Association,and the Respiratory Physician Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Associ-ation jointly established the"Cough and Wheezing Pharmaceutical Care Clinic(CWPC)program".The specification on CWPC construction provides guidance and reference for improving the quality of cough and wheezing pharmaceutical care services.The Chinese Pharmaceutical Association Specifications on Cough and Wheeze Pharmaceutical Care Clinic construction covered two as-pects,the construction and service of CWPC,respectively.With the analysis of relevant standards,policies and regulations,tech-nical specifications,literature,and other materials,the specification standardized 19 key elements in the organization's construc-tion,service process,quality management,and evaluation improvement.This paper mainly analyzed the construction process and content of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association Specifications on Cough and Wheeze Pharmaceutical Care Clinic construction,to strengthen the publicity and implementation of the specification,deepen the understanding of the specification content,and pro-mote the implementation of the specification.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of lumbar lateral interbody fusion (LLIF) versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in the treatment of severe lumbar spinal stenosis.Methods:The data of patients with severe lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent LLIF or PLIF from February 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 patients in the LLIF group, 10 males and 20 females, aged 62.7±5.6 years (range, 53-74 years), including 21 cases of single segment and 9 cases of double segment. There were 46 patients in the PLIF group, including 20 males and 26 females, aged 63.2±8.4 years (range, 43-75 years), 40 cases of single segment and 6 cases of double segment. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), intervertebral space height, intervertebral foramen height and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results:All patients were followed up for an average of 21.3±6.4 months (range, 12-32 months). The intraoperative blood loss in the LLIF group was 112.2±76.9 ml, which was significantly lower than 193.9±88.2 ml in the PLIF group ( P<0.05). The VAS scores of back pain and leg pain after operation were significantly lower than those before operation in the two groups ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in back pain VAS scores at preoperative, 6 months postoperative, and final follow-up ( P>0.05); the back pain VAS score at 1 month postoperatively in the LLIF group was 1.6±1.2, which was less than 2.8±0.7 in the PLIF group ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in leg pain VAS scores at preoperative, 1 month postoperative, and 6 months postoperative ( P>0.05); the leg pain VAS score at the final follow-up in the LLIF group was 1.2±1.5, which was smaller than 1.8±1.0 in the PLIF group ( P<0.05). The postoperative ODI was smaller than the preoperative one in both groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); the preoperative, 1-month postoperative, 6-month postoperative, and final follow-up ODIs in the LLIF group were 45.7%±16.0%, 17.9%±12.0%, 16.2%±11.6%, and 15.7%±11.7%, and those in the PLIF group were 47.9%±15.4%, 20.1%±9.3%, 16.9%±10.6%, and 14.6%±11.0% in the PLIF group, and the difference between the groups was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The preoperative intervertebral space height in the LLIF group was 10.6±2.0 mm, which was smaller than that in the PLIF group 11.8±2.2 mm ( P<0.05). The intervertebral space heights in the immediate postoperative period and at the final follow-up were 13.3±2.3 mm and 12.3±2.2 mm in the LLIF group and 13.7±1.7 mm and 13.0±1.9 mm in the PLIF group ( P>0.05). The preoperative intervertebral foraminal height in the LLIF group was 18.0±3.2 mm, which was smaller than that of 19.7±2.4 mm in the PLIF group ( P<0.05); the intervertebral foraminal heights in the immediate postoperative period and at the final follow-up were 21.4±2.5 mm and 20.2±2.4 mm in the LLIF group, and in the PLIF group were 20.7±2.4 mm and 19.7±2.6 mm in the PLIF group ( P>0.05). In the LLIF group, 2 cases had femoral nerve injury and 2 cases had transient back pain after operation. There were 2 cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, 1 case of screw loosening, and 2 cases of deep vein thrombosis in the PLIF group. In the PLIF group, 2 patients underwent revision, including 1 case due to cage displacement and 1 case due to screw malposition. The fusion settling rate was 21% (8/39) in the LLIF group and 12% (6/52) in the PLIF group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both LLIF and PLIF can effectively restore the intervertebral height, improve the lumbar function and the symptoms of back and leg pain in the treatment of severe lumbar spinal stenosis.