Objectives:To evaluate the clinical value of the Paris system for reporting urinary cytology (TPS) in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC).Methods:A total of 1 744 cytological diagnostic records (from 751 cases) were collected retrospectively. All specimens were voided urines and histopathology as the gold standard. The sensitivity and specificity of urinary cytological diagnosis of UC and risk of high grade malignant (ROHM) in each diagnostic category were compared.Results:There were 360 cases with histopathology. The percentage of negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC) was 30.1% (226/751), atypical urothelial cells (AUC) was 29.8% (224/751), suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (SHGUC) was 16.8% (126/751), high grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) was 21.2% (159/751), and non-urothelial malignancy (NUM) was 2.1% (16/751). The histpathologic ROHM corresponding to each cytological diagnosis category were 27.3% for NHGUC, 32.7% for AUC, 74.7% for SHGUC, 96.6% for HGUC and 100.0% for NUM, respectively. ROHM of SHGUC was significantly higher than that of AUC group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P＜0.001). ROHM of HGUC group was significantly higher than that of SHGUC group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P＜0.001). With SHGUC as the cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity of cytological diagnosis of HGUC were 76.7% (165/215) and 85.7% (18/21), and with HGUC as the cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity of cytological diagnosis of HGUC were 53.0% (114/215) and 100.0% (21/21), respectively. Conclusions:Urine cytology has high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of HGUC. The malignant risk of TPS varies with different diagnosis category. The high malignant risk population in cancer hospital leads to the relatively high malignant proportion and ROHM in each diagnosis category. Urinary cytology TPS reporting system is helpful to clinical management and has good clinical application value.

Objectives:To evaluate the clinical value of the Paris system for reporting urinary cytology (TPS) in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC).Methods:A total of 1 744 cytological diagnostic records (from 751 cases) were collected retrospectively. All specimens were voided urines and histopathology as the gold standard. The sensitivity and specificity of urinary cytological diagnosis of UC and risk of high grade malignant (ROHM) in each diagnostic category were compared.Results:There were 360 cases with histopathology. The percentage of negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC) was 30.1% (226/751), atypical urothelial cells (AUC) was 29.8% (224/751), suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (SHGUC) was 16.8% (126/751), high grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) was 21.2% (159/751), and non-urothelial malignancy (NUM) was 2.1% (16/751). The histpathologic ROHM corresponding to each cytological diagnosis category were 27.3% for NHGUC, 32.7% for AUC, 74.7% for SHGUC, 96.6% for HGUC and 100.0% for NUM, respectively. ROHM of SHGUC was significantly higher than that of AUC group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P＜0.001). ROHM of HGUC group was significantly higher than that of SHGUC group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P＜0.001). With SHGUC as the cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity of cytological diagnosis of HGUC were 76.7% (165/215) and 85.7% (18/21), and with HGUC as the cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity of cytological diagnosis of HGUC were 53.0% (114/215) and 100.0% (21/21), respectively. Conclusions:Urine cytology has high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of HGUC. The malignant risk of TPS varies with different diagnosis category. The high malignant risk population in cancer hospital leads to the relatively high malignant proportion and ROHM in each diagnosis category. Urinary cytology TPS reporting system is helpful to clinical management and has good clinical application value.

Objective:To manufacture one kind of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic by hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalciumphosphate (β-TCP), and to further investigate its compatibility and its efficacy of ectopic bone formation.Methods:BCP was prepared with the ratio of HA and β-TCP at 6/4 using precipitation and H 2O 2 foaming method and then sintered at 1 100 ℃ for 3 hours. The chemical composition of BCP was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD). BMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat and seeded on BCP. The adhesion and morphology of BMSCs on BCP was observed under scanning electron microscope(SEM) and special staining. Cell proliferation was quantified by cell counting kit-8(CCK8) assay. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity of BMSCs was measured by ALP assay kit. For further confirmation, the intramuscularly ectopic implantation models of Beagle were used, general observation, histological, and histomorphometric analyses were conducted at 4, 8, 12 weeks after implantation. Results:BCPs were successfully manufactured. XRD analysis showed the specific diffraction peaks of HA and β-TCP. SEM showed that the surface of the BCP ceramics was widely distributed with macropores and connections, and the pore walls were rough, and the micropores were evenly distributed in the macropores. Phalloidin and DAPI staining showed that the BMSCs extended and adhered to the surface of the material, and the shape gradually changed from irregularity to uniform long spindle. CCK8 method showed that although the cell viability decreased on the first day after coculture, on the third, fourth, fifth and seventh days, the cell viability gradually increased. The assay of alkaline phosphatase activity indicated that BMSCs cultured on the BCP could secrete more alkaline phosphatase on day 1 and 7 compared with the control group. BCP implanted in the muscle could generate osteoid/bone tissue at 8 weeks and 12 weeks, the number of osteoid/bone filled pores were 0.77±0.11, the percentage of osteoid/bone tissue inside the pores were 0.71±0.14.Conclusions:The BCP had a good biocompatibility and favorable efficacy of ectopic osteoinduction.

Objective:To manufacture one kind of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic by hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalciumphosphate (β-TCP), and to further investigate its compatibility and its efficacy of ectopic bone formation.Methods:BCP was prepared with the ratio of HA and β-TCP at 6/4 using precipitation and H 2O 2 foaming method and then sintered at 1 100 ℃ for 3 hours. The chemical composition of BCP was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD). BMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat and seeded on BCP. The adhesion and morphology of BMSCs on BCP was observed under scanning electron microscope(SEM) and special staining. Cell proliferation was quantified by cell counting kit-8(CCK8) assay. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity of BMSCs was measured by ALP assay kit. For further confirmation, the intramuscularly ectopic implantation models of Beagle were used, general observation, histological, and histomorphometric analyses were conducted at 4, 8, 12 weeks after implantation. Results:BCPs were successfully manufactured. XRD analysis showed the specific diffraction peaks of HA and β-TCP. SEM showed that the surface of the BCP ceramics was widely distributed with macropores and connections, and the pore walls were rough, and the micropores were evenly distributed in the macropores. Phalloidin and DAPI staining showed that the BMSCs extended and adhered to the surface of the material, and the shape gradually changed from irregularity to uniform long spindle. CCK8 method showed that although the cell viability decreased on the first day after coculture, on the third, fourth, fifth and seventh days, the cell viability gradually increased. The assay of alkaline phosphatase activity indicated that BMSCs cultured on the BCP could secrete more alkaline phosphatase on day 1 and 7 compared with the control group. BCP implanted in the muscle could generate osteoid/bone tissue at 8 weeks and 12 weeks, the number of osteoid/bone filled pores were 0.77±0.11, the percentage of osteoid/bone tissue inside the pores were 0.71±0.14.Conclusions:The BCP had a good biocompatibility and favorable efficacy of ectopic osteoinduction.

Meier-Gorlin syndrome is a rare inherited disease characterized by the triad of microtia, patellar dysplasia or dysplasia, and short stature. Mutation in the genes of pre-replication complex or involved in DNA-replication is detected in the majority of patients. The diagnosis is mainly based on the typical clinical triad, special facial features and the finding of pathologic genes. The knowledge of this disease is still insufficient and this article reviews the clinical manifestations, genetic characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome, which has some significances for the comprehensive understanding of this disease.

Objective:To manufacture one kind of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic by hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalciumphosphate (β-TCP), and to further investigate its compatibility and its efficacy of ectopic bone formation.Methods:BCP was prepared with the ratio of HA and β-TCP at 6/4 using precipitation and H 2O 2 foaming method and then sintered at 1 100 ℃ for 3 hours. The chemical composition of BCP was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD). BMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat and seeded on BCP. The adhesion and morphology of BMSCs on BCP was observed under scanning electron microscope(SEM) and special staining. Cell proliferation was quantified by cell counting kit-8(CCK8) assay. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity of BMSCs was measured by ALP assay kit. For further confirmation, the intramuscularly ectopic implantation models of Beagle were used, general observation, histological, and histomorphometric analyses were conducted at 4, 8, 12 weeks after implantation. Results:BCPs were successfully manufactured. XRD analysis showed the specific diffraction peaks of HA and β-TCP. SEM showed that the surface of the BCP ceramics was widely distributed with macropores and connections, and the pore walls were rough, and the micropores were evenly distributed in the macropores. Phalloidin and DAPI staining showed that the BMSCs extended and adhered to the surface of the material, and the shape gradually changed from irregularity to uniform long spindle. CCK8 method showed that although the cell viability decreased on the first day after coculture, on the third, fourth, fifth and seventh days, the cell viability gradually increased. The assay of alkaline phosphatase activity indicated that BMSCs cultured on the BCP could secrete more alkaline phosphatase on day 1 and 7 compared with the control group. BCP implanted in the muscle could generate osteoid/bone tissue at 8 weeks and 12 weeks, the number of osteoid/bone filled pores were 0.77±0.11, the percentage of osteoid/bone tissue inside the pores were 0.71±0.14.Conclusions:The BCP had a good biocompatibility and favorable efficacy of ectopic osteoinduction.

Objective:To manufacture one kind of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic by hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalciumphosphate (β-TCP), and to further investigate its compatibility and its efficacy of ectopic bone formation.Methods:BCP was prepared with the ratio of HA and β-TCP at 6/4 using precipitation and H 2O 2 foaming method and then sintered at 1 100 ℃ for 3 hours. The chemical composition of BCP was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD). BMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat and seeded on BCP. The adhesion and morphology of BMSCs on BCP was observed under scanning electron microscope(SEM) and special staining. Cell proliferation was quantified by cell counting kit-8(CCK8) assay. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity of BMSCs was measured by ALP assay kit. For further confirmation, the intramuscularly ectopic implantation models of Beagle were used, general observation, histological, and histomorphometric analyses were conducted at 4, 8, 12 weeks after implantation. Results:BCPs were successfully manufactured. XRD analysis showed the specific diffraction peaks of HA and β-TCP. SEM showed that the surface of the BCP ceramics was widely distributed with macropores and connections, and the pore walls were rough, and the micropores were evenly distributed in the macropores. Phalloidin and DAPI staining showed that the BMSCs extended and adhered to the surface of the material, and the shape gradually changed from irregularity to uniform long spindle. CCK8 method showed that although the cell viability decreased on the first day after coculture, on the third, fourth, fifth and seventh days, the cell viability gradually increased. The assay of alkaline phosphatase activity indicated that BMSCs cultured on the BCP could secrete more alkaline phosphatase on day 1 and 7 compared with the control group. BCP implanted in the muscle could generate osteoid/bone tissue at 8 weeks and 12 weeks, the number of osteoid/bone filled pores were 0.77±0.11, the percentage of osteoid/bone tissue inside the pores were 0.71±0.14.Conclusions:The BCP had a good biocompatibility and favorable efficacy of ectopic osteoinduction.

Meier-Gorlin syndrome is a rare inherited disease characterized by the triad of microtia, patellar dysplasia or dysplasia, and short stature. Mutation in the genes of pre-replication complex or involved in DNA-replication is detected in the majority of patients. The diagnosis is mainly based on the typical clinical triad, special facial features and the finding of pathologic genes. The knowledge of this disease is still insufficient and this article reviews the clinical manifestations, genetic characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome, which has some significances for the comprehensive understanding of this disease.

The etiology of constricted ear malformation is unknown, while the clinical manifestations are diverse and the classification is complex. At present, there is no estabolished standard for the management of constricted ear. In addition to the conventional operations, some new surgical procedures have achieved ideal clinical outcomes. In this review, current surgical method for the correction of constricted ear were summarized according to the different clinical characteristics. The author hopes it provides reference for the optimal selection of surgical procedures.

Van Maldergem syndrome is caused by the mutation in genes encoding DCHS1 or FAT4, the members of protocadherin family. The disorder is a rare autosomal recessively inherited disease characterized by growth retardation, intellectual disability, craniofacial malformations and bone dysplasia. Its diagnosis mainly depends on clinical features and imaging findings. At present, only a few patients with Van Maldergem syndrome have been reported and the knowledge of this disease is still insufficient. This review summarizes the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, molecular genetical research and treatment about the Van Maldergem syndrome, which is significance for the comprehensive understanding of this disease.