Infectious bone defect,one of the complex and refractory types of bone defects,is characterized by infec-tion,inflammation and subsequent bone tissue destruction.These conditions often lead to severe consequences such as limb necrosis,dysfunction or even amputation.The previous treatment method for infectious bone defect primarily involves thorough debridement and bone grafting after infection control with antibacterial drugs.Howev-er,this method carries drawbacks,including the possibility of drug resistance and systemic toxicity due to high-dose use of antimicrobial drugs.With advancements in modern medicine and in-depth research on biomaterials,va-rious novel antibacterial materials have been increasingly applied in the treatment of infectious bone defect,demon-strating promising outcomes.This paper reviews the applications and therapeutic efficacy of novel antibacterial ma-terials in treating infectious bone defect at home and abroad,aiming to provide references for clinical management.

Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head(SNOFH)is a prevalent challenging condition in orthopedics,characterized by a high disability rate and intricate pathophysiological mechanisms including diminished an-giogenesis and impaired osteogenic function.The concept of osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling involves the interplay be-tween osteoblasts and angiogenesis.Restoring the blood supply to bone tissue,boosting bone cell activity,and facilitating bone regeneration are crucial for the recovery of SNOFH patients.Research has demonstrated the significant role of mi-croRNAs(miRNAs)in the coordination of osteogenesis and angiogenesis.MiRNAs have the ability to concurrently regu-late multiple target genes and signaling pathways associated with osteogenesis and angiogenesis,effectively stimulating the regeneration of bones and blood vessels.By considering the interaction of multiple miRNAs and their target genes,the de-velopment of a multi-target combination therapy approach could greatly enhance the treatment outcomes for SNOFH.Through a thorough investigation of miRNA interactions in the regulation of osteogenesis and angiogenesis,the progression of the disease can be elucidated,offering a fundamental basis for early diagnosis,precise treatment,and prognosis evalua-tion of SNOFH.This paper aims to uncover the pivotal nodes and regulatory connections in SNOFH by summarizing the in-volvement of miRNAs in the coupling of osteogenesis and angiogenesis.By identifying potential therapeutic targets and un-derstanding the coordinated function of miRNAs in osteogenesis and angiogenesis coupling,valuable insights can be gained for the personalized treatment of SNOFH.

Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head(SNOFH)is a prevalent challenging condition in orthopedics,characterized by a high disability rate and intricate pathophysiological mechanisms including diminished an-giogenesis and impaired osteogenic function.The concept of osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling involves the interplay be-tween osteoblasts and angiogenesis.Restoring the blood supply to bone tissue,boosting bone cell activity,and facilitating bone regeneration are crucial for the recovery of SNOFH patients.Research has demonstrated the significant role of mi-croRNAs(miRNAs)in the coordination of osteogenesis and angiogenesis.MiRNAs have the ability to concurrently regu-late multiple target genes and signaling pathways associated with osteogenesis and angiogenesis,effectively stimulating the regeneration of bones and blood vessels.By considering the interaction of multiple miRNAs and their target genes,the de-velopment of a multi-target combination therapy approach could greatly enhance the treatment outcomes for SNOFH.Through a thorough investigation of miRNA interactions in the regulation of osteogenesis and angiogenesis,the progression of the disease can be elucidated,offering a fundamental basis for early diagnosis,precise treatment,and prognosis evalua-tion of SNOFH.This paper aims to uncover the pivotal nodes and regulatory connections in SNOFH by summarizing the in-volvement of miRNAs in the coupling of osteogenesis and angiogenesis.By identifying potential therapeutic targets and un-derstanding the coordinated function of miRNAs in osteogenesis and angiogenesis coupling,valuable insights can be gained for the personalized treatment of SNOFH.

Infectious bone defect,one of the complex and refractory types of bone defects,is characterized by infec-tion,inflammation and subsequent bone tissue destruction.These conditions often lead to severe consequences such as limb necrosis,dysfunction or even amputation.The previous treatment method for infectious bone defect primarily involves thorough debridement and bone grafting after infection control with antibacterial drugs.Howev-er,this method carries drawbacks,including the possibility of drug resistance and systemic toxicity due to high-dose use of antimicrobial drugs.With advancements in modern medicine and in-depth research on biomaterials,va-rious novel antibacterial materials have been increasingly applied in the treatment of infectious bone defect,demon-strating promising outcomes.This paper reviews the applications and therapeutic efficacy of novel antibacterial ma-terials in treating infectious bone defect at home and abroad,aiming to provide references for clinical management.

As one of traditional local treatments,photodynamic therapy(PDT)has mainly been used for the local eradicate and palliative treatment of malignant tumors.However,in recent years,more and more evidence has revealed a role of PDT in anti-tumor immunity,which attacked attention from researchers again.PDT can induce the immunogenic death of tumor cells as well as activation of both innate and adaptive immune systems,resulting in the enhancement of immune response against tumors.This article reviewed the advances regarding PDT and tumor immunity,aiming to systematically clarify the role of PDT in anti-tumor immunity and its potential applications in immunotherapy.

As one of traditional local treatments,photodynamic therapy(PDT)has mainly been used for the local eradicate and palliative treatment of malignant tumors.However,in recent years,more and more evidence has revealed a role of PDT in anti-tumor immunity,which attacked attention from researchers again.PDT can induce the immunogenic death of tumor cells as well as activation of both innate and adaptive immune systems,resulting in the enhancement of immune response against tumors.This article reviewed the advances regarding PDT and tumor immunity,aiming to systematically clarify the role of PDT in anti-tumor immunity and its potential applications in immunotherapy.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Animals ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; Spodoptera/genetics* ; Transcriptome

Objective: To buildSERPING1-knockout porcine fetal fibroblasts(PFFs) based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology and provide cell experimental materials for the construction of hereditary angioedema models. Methods: Firstly, protein structure prediction software was used to analyze the amino acid homology between human and pigSERPING1. Secondly, the eighth exon was selected as the knockout target by screening the effective coding region of the pigSERPING1gene. A single guide RNA targeting pigSERPING1was designed, synthesized and linked to pX330 vector containing Cas9 endonuclease. G418 was used to obtain the positive monoclonal cells after transfection into PFFs. Finally, the circumstance of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout was assessed by the T7 EN1 enzyme digestion assay and the genotypes of monoclonal cells were identified by sequencing analysis Results: Bioinformatic analysis revealed that theSERPING1protein of human and pig had high homology, amino acid sequence identity reached 65.87%. A vector targetingSERPING1was constructed successfully and transfected into cells. Monoclonal cells with knockoutSERPING1gene were obtained through drug screening. Sequencing confirmed the mutant genotype. Conclusion The human and pigSERPING1sequences and their protein structures are highly homologous, and it is suitable for the construction of disease model. CRISPR/Cas9 expression vectors were constructed to achieve theSERPING1gene targeting in PFFs.SERPING1-knockout monoclonal cells were obtained, which could contribute to the construction of theSERPING1knockout miniature pig model.

OBJECTIVE：To es tablish a method for the content determination of heavy metals [lead （Pb），cadmium（Cd）， copper （Cu）， mercury （Hg）] and harmful elements [arsenic （As）] in Pediatric paracetamol artificial cow-bezoar and chlorphenamine maleate granules. METHODS ：The samples were conducted pretreatment by microwave digestion instrument and determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）using elements germanium ，indium，bismuth as internal standard. RESULTS ：The linear ranges of Pb ，As，Cu，Cd and Hg were 1-20，0.5-10，5-100，0.5-10 and 0.2-4 ng/mL， respectively （all r＞0.997）. The limits of detection （LODs） were 0.041 1，0.013 2，0.057 3，0.009 0，0.005 4 ng/mL， respectively. The limits of quantification （LOQs）were 0.137 0，0.044 0，0.191 0，0.030 0，0.018 0 ng/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision and repeatability tests were all less than 6％. RSDs of stability tests （28 h）of Pb ，As，Cu and Cd were all less than 5％， and that of stability test （28 h）of Hg was less than 7％. The average recoveries were 89.44％（RSD＝5.87％，n＝9），99.56％ （RSD＝5.46％ ，n＝9），96.12％（RSD＝4.62％ ，n＝9），105.82％（RSD＝2.80％ ，n＝9）and 90.23％（RSD＝3.59％ ，n＝9）， respectively. Five elements were all detected in 63 batches of samples ，and the contents of them were 0.191 0-1.527 6，0.002 5- 0.047 4，0.034 1-1.549 0，0.001 5-0.078 8 and 0.001 9-0.005 4 mg/kg，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：The method is simple ， sensitive and accurate. It is suitable for simultaneous determination of 5 elements in Pediatric paracetamol artificial cow-bezoar and chlorphenamine maleate granules.

OBJECTIVE：To evaluate the dissolution behavior consistency between the generic drugs and original drugs of Oxcarbazepine scored tablets ，and to compare the appearance ，the friability of the split portions ，loss of mass of the split portions as well as crystal form and morphology of raw material from different enterprises. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The paddle method （rotation speed of 60 r/min，the temperature of 37.0℃）was adopted to determine accumulative dissolution rate of generic and original drugs in 4 mediums [ 0.6％ SDS hydrochloric acid solution （pH＝1.2），0.6％ SDS acetate buffer solution （pH＝4.5），0.6％ SDS phosphate buffer solution （pH＝6.8）and 0.6％ SDS water solution]. The similarity factor method was used to evaluate the similarity of dissolution curves as well as intra-batch uniformity of the split portions and whole tablets. The friability tester and electronic balance were used to determine the friability and the loss of mass of the split portions. X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope were used to observe the crystal form and crystal morpho logy of the raw materials of different enterprises. RESULTS ：The linear range of oxcarbazepine was LOD was 0.04 μg/mL；RSDs of precision ，stability，reprodu- cibility and durability tests were lower than 2.0％；the reco- veries were 99.80％-101.63％（RSD＝0.37％-0.91％，n＝3）. The average cumulati ve dissolution rate of generic drug A ， generic drug B and original drug in 4 different dissolution media at 90 min were 92％，87％，90％ [0.6％ SDS hydrochloric acid solution（pH＝1.2）]；94％，94％，90％ [0.6％ SDS acetate buffer solution （pH＝4.5）]；95％，95％，91％ [0.6％ SDS phosphate buffer solution （pH 6.8）]；97％，98％，95％（0.6％ SDS water solution ）. The similarity factors of generic drug A ，generic drug B and original drug in 4 kinds of different dissolution media were 66 and 81，71 and 69，71 and 61，59 and 39. In the first 15 min，the difference of dissolution rate of split portions and whole tablets were －3％-13％，－2％-24％ and －3％-7％ for generic drug A ， generic drug B and original drug ，respectively. RSDs of accumulative dissolution rate of split portions and whole tablets were 6％-14％ and 2％-9％ for generic drug A （n＝12），4％-10％ and 1％-8％ for generic drug B （n＝12）and 2％-7％ and 2％-8％ for original drug. The appearance of the original drug was fusiform ，and the notch was deep ；the shape of the generic drug was different from each other ，and the notch of the generic drug was significantly shallower than that of original drug. The friability ， the loss of mass of the split portions for generic drug A and generic drug B ，original drug were 0.62％and 0.67％，0.12％ and 0.11％，0.08％ and 0.05％. The domestic raw materials possessed irregular lumps and debris ，while the raw materials produced by original drug enterprises possessed regular flat cuboids and regular strips with little debris ；but X-ray diffraction peaks of them were basically the same. CONCLUSIONS ：The dissolution behavior of generic drug A in 4 medium is consistent with that of the original drug；dissolution behavior of generic drug B in water containing 0.6％SDS is different from that of the original drug ；there is no significant change in the homogeneity of the original drug before and after splitting ，but the homogeneity of the generic drug A and B after splitting is lower than that of the whole tablet ；the fragility of generic drugs and loss of mass of split portions are higher than those of the original drugs ；two kinds of raw material have the same crystal form but different crystal morphology.