ObjectiveThis study focused on the marketed Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of Functional Diarrhea （FDr） in China and their prescription characteristics， in order to provide support for the clinical application and research and development of anti-FDr Chinese patent medicines. MethodsCollect the information of Chinese patent medicines that have been marketed to treat FDr， use Microsoft Excel 2021 software to conduct preliminary data collation and statistical analysis， and use the ancient and modern medical record cloud platform （V2.3.9） to analyze the standardized Chinese patent medicine prescriptions from the aspects of drug nature and taste， medication characteristics and prescription rules. Results147 kinds of FDr Chinese patent medicines were included in this study. There are a total of 40 varieties of FDr Chinese patent medicines suitable for children； The distribution of dosage forms is mainly pills， tablets， and capsules. 110 prescriptions were screened， among which the proportion of Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome was the highest； The top three drug use frequency were licorice， Atractylodes macrocephala， and Poria cocos； The medicinal properties are mainly warm and flat， and the medicinal taste is mostly pungent， sweet and bitter， and most of them belong to the two meridians of the spleen and stomach； The association rules analysis obtains 20 strong association pairing sets； Three drug combinations were obtained by cluster analysis. ConclusionFDr Chinese patent medicine shows unique value in clinical application， especially in the field of children. However， there are still problems such as strong professionalism in the indication expression of drug instructions， limited coverage of the medical insurance catalog， and lack of high-level evidence-based medicine and pharmacoeconomic evidence. To this end， in the future， efforts should be made to build a multi-level evidence-based evidence system， improve medication compliance， and deepen research on syndrome-based medication laws， so as to enhance the clinical application value and scientific connotation of FDr Chinese patent medicines.

Objective To investigate the methodology,technical considerations,and precautions of transcatheter arterial emboliza-tion(TAE)using medical adhesive as the primary embolic agent for visceral artery aneurysm(VAA).Methods A total of 14 patients with VAA treated with medical adhesive-based TAE were retrospectively analyzed.Among the 14 patients,6 cases were hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms,4 cases were true gastroduodenal aneurysms,3 cases were gastroduodenal pseudoaneurysms,and 1 case was renal artery pseudoaneurysm.Among the 14 patients,medical adhesive alone was used in 12 cases,while the other 2 cases were employed medical adhesive combined with supplemental coil embolization.Follow-up assessments including abdominal computed tomography angiography(CTA)and laboratory tests were conducted at 3,6,and 12 months post-procedure.Results Technical success was achieved in all cases with mean procedure duration of(60.4±8.2)min and average hospital stay of(8.9±2.1)d.No recanalization,aneurysm enlargement,or non-target embolization were observed during follow-up.Conclusion Medical adhesive-based TAE demonstrates high technical success when performed by experienced interventionists,with low complication rate,low recurrence rate,and low pro-cedure-related mortality,representing a cost-effective preferred treatment for VAA.

With the widespread application of information technology in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),the data in the TCM domain is becoming increasingly rich.The emergence of data-driven research in TCM has utilized knowledge graphs for the management,analysis,and presentation of TCM data,becoming a crucial method for the inheritance and innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Therefore,reasoning based on TCM knowledge graphs has become a hot topic in contemporary TCM research.In order to better utilize knowledge graph reasoning technology to promote innovation and development in TCM,this article,after providing an overview of TCM knowledge graph reasoning,focuses on the development of knowledge graph reasoning in TCM and its applications from three perspectives:logic rule-based,distributed representation,and neural network-based methods.Finally,the article summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of knowledge reasoning methods and provides prospects for research and applications in TCM knowledge graph reasoning,including studies on interpretability,temporal knowledge graphs,and the fusion of multimodal information.

BACKGROUND:Macrophages exhibit distinct pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes.Through tissue engineering techniques,their phenotype transition has made them one of the most studied immune cells in bone injury repair.Recent studies have found that neutrophils also play a significant role in bone injury repair processes,but there is currently no such review available.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current role of neutrophils in fracture healing and interventions targeting neutrophils to promote fracture healing.METHODS:We searched the Web of Science,PubMed,WanFang Data,and CNKI databases from January 2000 to February 2024 with the key words of"neutrophil,fracture healing,bone damage,bone repair,bone remodeling"in Chinese and English.Literature screening was conducted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,resulting in a final selection of 72 articles for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The history of neutrophils has been long,with their importance initially overlooked due to a lack of staining techniques.In 1900,Paul Ehrlich's invention of triacid staining distinguished neutrophils,marking the beginning of research in this field.(2)Under normal conditions,neutrophils migrate to various organs to assist in their physiological functions.In pathological states,neutrophils exert their antimicrobial effects through phagocytosis,degranulation,and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.(3)Neutrophils primarily participate in the early hematoma inflammation stage of fracture healing by releasing cytokines to recruit other immune cells and mesenchymal stem cells.They also produce fibrinogen to promote hematoma formation and establish a local microenvironment.(4)Neutrophils transform into two distinct subtypes,N1 and N2,at different stages of fracture healing,coordinating with each other to promote bone repair.(5)Neutrophils recruited to the fracture site participate in the healing process by secreting cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin-6,interleukin-10,fibroblast growth factor-2,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and platelet-derived growth factor.(6)Neutrophils regulate osteogenesis/osteolysis balance through interactions with the main cellular components involved in different stages of fracture healing.(7)Similar to the widespread research and application of tissue engineering techniques in modulating macrophage polarization in fracture healing,interventions targeting neutrophils to promote fracture healing hold promising prospects for the future.

Objective To investigate the methodology,technical considerations,and precautions of transcatheter arterial emboliza-tion(TAE)using medical adhesive as the primary embolic agent for visceral artery aneurysm(VAA).Methods A total of 14 patients with VAA treated with medical adhesive-based TAE were retrospectively analyzed.Among the 14 patients,6 cases were hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms,4 cases were true gastroduodenal aneurysms,3 cases were gastroduodenal pseudoaneurysms,and 1 case was renal artery pseudoaneurysm.Among the 14 patients,medical adhesive alone was used in 12 cases,while the other 2 cases were employed medical adhesive combined with supplemental coil embolization.Follow-up assessments including abdominal computed tomography angiography(CTA)and laboratory tests were conducted at 3,6,and 12 months post-procedure.Results Technical success was achieved in all cases with mean procedure duration of(60.4±8.2)min and average hospital stay of(8.9±2.1)d.No recanalization,aneurysm enlargement,or non-target embolization were observed during follow-up.Conclusion Medical adhesive-based TAE demonstrates high technical success when performed by experienced interventionists,with low complication rate,low recurrence rate,and low pro-cedure-related mortality,representing a cost-effective preferred treatment for VAA.

Objective To investigate the status of oral frailty(OF)in patients who underwent chemotherapy for lung cancer,identify key factors influencing OF,and develop a risk prediction model.Methods Using convenience sampling,431 lung cancer inpatient were recruited from three Tier-IIIA hospitals in Jiangsu Province between September and November 2024 as the training cohort.The patients were divided into OF and non-OF groups.Relevant data were compared between the two groups.Multifactorial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors that associated with OF,and a risk prediction model was created accordingly.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to predict model performance.In December 2024,additional 185 patients from one other Tier-IIIA hospitals were recruited to validate the developed model.Results The prevalence of OF among lung-cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy was 58.93%.Following listed items were identified as the risk factors of OF(all P<0.05):older in age(OR=3.420),poor education(OR=0.030),brain metastasis(OR=7.880),high nutritional risk screening 2002 score(OR=1.550),elevated C-reactive protein(OR=1.100),and elevated lactate dehydrogenase(OR=1.010).ROC area under the curve(AUC)of the model was 0.860(95%CI:0.830-0.900)in modelling cohort and 0.840(95%CI:0.780-0.900)in validation cohort.Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test yielded χ 2=4.870,P=0.770 for the training set and χ 2=2.770,P=0.950 for the validation set.Conclusion The risk prediction model for OF developed in this study demonstrates a good predictive performance and can facilitate early identification of high-risk patients,thereby providing a scientific basis for clinical interventions.

With the widespread application of information technology in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),the data in the TCM domain is becoming increasingly rich.The emergence of data-driven research in TCM has utilized knowledge graphs for the management,analysis,and presentation of TCM data,becoming a crucial method for the inheritance and innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Therefore,reasoning based on TCM knowledge graphs has become a hot topic in contemporary TCM research.In order to better utilize knowledge graph reasoning technology to promote innovation and development in TCM,this article,after providing an overview of TCM knowledge graph reasoning,focuses on the development of knowledge graph reasoning in TCM and its applications from three perspectives:logic rule-based,distributed representation,and neural network-based methods.Finally,the article summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of knowledge reasoning methods and provides prospects for research and applications in TCM knowledge graph reasoning,including studies on interpretability,temporal knowledge graphs,and the fusion of multimodal information.

Objective To investigate the status of oral frailty(OF)in patients who underwent chemotherapy for lung cancer,identify key factors influencing OF,and develop a risk prediction model.Methods Using convenience sampling,431 lung cancer inpatient were recruited from three Tier-IIIA hospitals in Jiangsu Province between September and November 2024 as the training cohort.The patients were divided into OF and non-OF groups.Relevant data were compared between the two groups.Multifactorial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors that associated with OF,and a risk prediction model was created accordingly.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to predict model performance.In December 2024,additional 185 patients from one other Tier-IIIA hospitals were recruited to validate the developed model.Results The prevalence of OF among lung-cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy was 58.93%.Following listed items were identified as the risk factors of OF(all P<0.05):older in age(OR=3.420),poor education(OR=0.030),brain metastasis(OR=7.880),high nutritional risk screening 2002 score(OR=1.550),elevated C-reactive protein(OR=1.100),and elevated lactate dehydrogenase(OR=1.010).ROC area under the curve(AUC)of the model was 0.860(95%CI:0.830-0.900)in modelling cohort and 0.840(95%CI:0.780-0.900)in validation cohort.Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test yielded χ 2=4.870,P=0.770 for the training set and χ 2=2.770,P=0.950 for the validation set.Conclusion The risk prediction model for OF developed in this study demonstrates a good predictive performance and can facilitate early identification of high-risk patients,thereby providing a scientific basis for clinical interventions.

Background and Aims:Implant-based breast reconstruction is one of the most common reconstructive approaches after mastectomy for breast cancer.However,the incidence of postoperative complications remains significant,and the associated risk factors have not been fully elucidated.This study aimed to analyze the incidence of surgical complications following implant-based breast reconstruction in patients undergoing mastectomy at our center and to identify potential risk factors.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent mastectomy and implant-based breast reconstruction at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital between May 2004 and August 2022.Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of postoperative surgical complications,and multivariate Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors.Results:A total of 545 patients with 602 reconstructed breasts were included.Surgical complications occurred in 13.6%(82/602)of the cases,including infection,wound dehiscence/poor healing,flap or nipple-areola necrosis,and implant leakage/rupture.Multivariate analysis revealed that nipple-areola complex resection(OR=1.934,95%CI=1.056-3.542,P=0.033),postoperative radiotherapy(OR=2.483,95%CI=1.527-4.036,P<0.001),implant volume≥300 mL(OR=1.663,95%CI=1.025-2.696,P=0.039),and surgeon experience with fewer than 10 cases(OR=1.804,95%CI=1.092-2.979,P=0.021)were all independent risk factors for complications.Conclusion:NAC resection,radiotherapy,large implant volume,and limited surgical experience are important independent risk factors for postoperative surgical complications following implant-based breast reconstruction.Thorough preoperative evaluation and appropriate surgical planning are essential to minimize risks.

BACKGROUND:Quercetin has anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,anti-oxidation,anti-aging,anti-depression and other pharmacological effects,and has high medicinal value.Quercetin can promote wound healing in normal rats,but few drugs with quercetin as the main component have been developed,which limits its wide application in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application effect of quercetin-carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel on diabetic wound in rats by loading quercetin with hydrogel material. METHODS:(1)Carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels and quercetin-carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels were prepared respectively,and the micromorphology and in vitro drug release properties of the hydrogels were characterized.(2)Cell experiment:Mouse L929 fibroblasts were cultured in four groups.The blank control group was cultured conventionally.Carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel,quercetin solution and quercetin-carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel were added to pure hydrogel group,drug group,and drug-loaded hydrogel group,respectively,to detect cell proliferation and migration ability.(3)Animal experiments:Diabetic models were established in 80 SD rats.After successful modeling,full-layer skin defect wounds with a diameter of 2 cm were made on the back of rats,and these models were randomly divided into four groups.Normal saline,carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel,quercetin solution,and quercetin-carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel were injected into the wounds of blank control group,pure hydrogel group,drug group,and drug-loaded hydrogel group,respectively.Each group contained 20 animals,which were bound with sterile gauze.Wound healing,pathological morphology,expression of inflammatory factors,and angiogenesis were observed after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Under scanning electron microscope,the microstructures of the two hydrogels were similar,both showed loose porous network structure,and quercetin-carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels had good drug release performance in vitro.(2)Compared with blank control group,the cell proliferation and mobility of the other three groups were increased(P<0.05).The cell proliferation and mobility of drug-loaded hydrogel group were higher than those of pure hydrogel group and drug group(P<0.05).(3)The wound healing rate of the drug-loaded hydrogel group was higher than that of the other three groups at 5 and 11 days after operation.The wound healing rate of rats in the hydrogel group,pure hydrogel group,and drug group reached 100%18 days after operation,which was higher than that in the blank control group(P<0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that intact skin and skin appendages were visible on the wounds of rats in the drug-loaded hydrogel group 18 days after surgery,while intact skin and skin appendages were visible on the wounds of rats in the blank control group,pure hydrogel group,and drug group 25 days after surgery.The levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 in the drug-loaded hydrogel group were lower than those in the blank control group at 5,11,and 18 days after surgery(P<0.05),and the levels of transforming growth factor β1 at 11 and 18 days after surgery were lower than those in the blank control group(P<0.05).The mRNA expressions of CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor α in the drug-loaded hydrogel group were higher than those in the other three groups at 11 and 18 days after operation(P<0.05).(4)These findings indicate that quercetin in quercetin carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel can regulate inflammatory response,accelerate angiogenesis,promote the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts,and enhance the healing of diabetic wounds in rats.