ObjectiveThis study focused on the marketed Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of Functional Diarrhea （FDr） in China and their prescription characteristics， in order to provide support for the clinical application and research and development of anti-FDr Chinese patent medicines. MethodsCollect the information of Chinese patent medicines that have been marketed to treat FDr， use Microsoft Excel 2021 software to conduct preliminary data collation and statistical analysis， and use the ancient and modern medical record cloud platform （V2.3.9） to analyze the standardized Chinese patent medicine prescriptions from the aspects of drug nature and taste， medication characteristics and prescription rules. Results147 kinds of FDr Chinese patent medicines were included in this study. There are a total of 40 varieties of FDr Chinese patent medicines suitable for children； The distribution of dosage forms is mainly pills， tablets， and capsules. 110 prescriptions were screened， among which the proportion of Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome was the highest； The top three drug use frequency were licorice， Atractylodes macrocephala， and Poria cocos； The medicinal properties are mainly warm and flat， and the medicinal taste is mostly pungent， sweet and bitter， and most of them belong to the two meridians of the spleen and stomach； The association rules analysis obtains 20 strong association pairing sets； Three drug combinations were obtained by cluster analysis. ConclusionFDr Chinese patent medicine shows unique value in clinical application， especially in the field of children. However， there are still problems such as strong professionalism in the indication expression of drug instructions， limited coverage of the medical insurance catalog， and lack of high-level evidence-based medicine and pharmacoeconomic evidence. To this end， in the future， efforts should be made to build a multi-level evidence-based evidence system， improve medication compliance， and deepen research on syndrome-based medication laws， so as to enhance the clinical application value and scientific connotation of FDr Chinese patent medicines.

Background and Aims:Implant-based breast reconstruction is one of the most common reconstructive approaches after mastectomy for breast cancer.However,the incidence of postoperative complications remains significant,and the associated risk factors have not been fully elucidated.This study aimed to analyze the incidence of surgical complications following implant-based breast reconstruction in patients undergoing mastectomy at our center and to identify potential risk factors.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent mastectomy and implant-based breast reconstruction at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital between May 2004 and August 2022.Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of postoperative surgical complications,and multivariate Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors.Results:A total of 545 patients with 602 reconstructed breasts were included.Surgical complications occurred in 13.6%(82/602)of the cases,including infection,wound dehiscence/poor healing,flap or nipple-areola necrosis,and implant leakage/rupture.Multivariate analysis revealed that nipple-areola complex resection(OR=1.934,95%CI=1.056-3.542,P=0.033),postoperative radiotherapy(OR=2.483,95%CI=1.527-4.036,P<0.001),implant volume≥300 mL(OR=1.663,95%CI=1.025-2.696,P=0.039),and surgeon experience with fewer than 10 cases(OR=1.804,95%CI=1.092-2.979,P=0.021)were all independent risk factors for complications.Conclusion:NAC resection,radiotherapy,large implant volume,and limited surgical experience are important independent risk factors for postoperative surgical complications following implant-based breast reconstruction.Thorough preoperative evaluation and appropriate surgical planning are essential to minimize risks.

Radiation therapy is a major treatment modality for many malignant tumors. However, patients exhibit marked individual differences in radiosensitivity. Radiation resistance is persistently strengthened through the antioxidant pathway mediated by sulfiredoxin-1 (SRXN1), forming a key bottleneck in improving therapeutic efficacy. Studies have shown that SRXN1 displays dual regulatory roles in the response to radiation. On one hand, SRXN1 enhances cystine uptake and glutathione synthesis via the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) axis, thereby suppressing lipid peroxidation-induced ferroptosis and promoting radioresistance. On the other hand, excessive activation of the SRXN1-regulated thioredoxin system depletes reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, triggering disulfidptosis through actin cytoskeleton depolymerization. This dynamic equilibrium mechanism reveals for the first time that SRXN1 determines radiosensitivity through time-dependent regulation of two interconnected cell death pathways. This article systematically elucidates how SRXN1 dynamically modulates the radiosensitivity of malignant tumors via the ferroptosis-disulfidptosis interaction network, and reviews the underlying molecular mechanisms, providing a theoretical foundation for developing dual-death-inducing nanomedicines.

With the widespread application of information technology in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),the data in the TCM domain is becoming increasingly rich.The emergence of data-driven research in TCM has utilized knowledge graphs for the management,analysis,and presentation of TCM data,becoming a crucial method for the inheritance and innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Therefore,reasoning based on TCM knowledge graphs has become a hot topic in contemporary TCM research.In order to better utilize knowledge graph reasoning technology to promote innovation and development in TCM,this article,after providing an overview of TCM knowledge graph reasoning,focuses on the development of knowledge graph reasoning in TCM and its applications from three perspectives:logic rule-based,distributed representation,and neural network-based methods.Finally,the article summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of knowledge reasoning methods and provides prospects for research and applications in TCM knowledge graph reasoning,including studies on interpretability,temporal knowledge graphs,and the fusion of multimodal information.

Radiation therapy is a major treatment modality for many malignant tumors. However, patients exhibit marked individual differences in radiosensitivity. Radiation resistance is persistently strengthened through the antioxidant pathway mediated by sulfiredoxin-1 (SRXN1), forming a key bottleneck in improving therapeutic efficacy. Studies have shown that SRXN1 displays dual regulatory roles in the response to radiation. On one hand, SRXN1 enhances cystine uptake and glutathione synthesis via the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) axis, thereby suppressing lipid peroxidation-induced ferroptosis and promoting radioresistance. On the other hand, excessive activation of the SRXN1-regulated thioredoxin system depletes reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, triggering disulfidptosis through actin cytoskeleton depolymerization. This dynamic equilibrium mechanism reveals for the first time that SRXN1 determines radiosensitivity through time-dependent regulation of two interconnected cell death pathways. This article systematically elucidates how SRXN1 dynamically modulates the radiosensitivity of malignant tumors via the ferroptosis-disulfidptosis interaction network, and reviews the underlying molecular mechanisms, providing a theoretical foundation for developing dual-death-inducing nanomedicines.

Objective To investigate the methodology,technical considerations,and precautions of transcatheter arterial emboliza-tion(TAE)using medical adhesive as the primary embolic agent for visceral artery aneurysm(VAA).Methods A total of 14 patients with VAA treated with medical adhesive-based TAE were retrospectively analyzed.Among the 14 patients,6 cases were hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms,4 cases were true gastroduodenal aneurysms,3 cases were gastroduodenal pseudoaneurysms,and 1 case was renal artery pseudoaneurysm.Among the 14 patients,medical adhesive alone was used in 12 cases,while the other 2 cases were employed medical adhesive combined with supplemental coil embolization.Follow-up assessments including abdominal computed tomography angiography(CTA)and laboratory tests were conducted at 3,6,and 12 months post-procedure.Results Technical success was achieved in all cases with mean procedure duration of(60.4±8.2)min and average hospital stay of(8.9±2.1)d.No recanalization,aneurysm enlargement,or non-target embolization were observed during follow-up.Conclusion Medical adhesive-based TAE demonstrates high technical success when performed by experienced interventionists,with low complication rate,low recurrence rate,and low pro-cedure-related mortality,representing a cost-effective preferred treatment for VAA.

BACKGROUND:Macrophages exhibit distinct pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes.Through tissue engineering techniques,their phenotype transition has made them one of the most studied immune cells in bone injury repair.Recent studies have found that neutrophils also play a significant role in bone injury repair processes,but there is currently no such review available.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current role of neutrophils in fracture healing and interventions targeting neutrophils to promote fracture healing.METHODS:We searched the Web of Science,PubMed,WanFang Data,and CNKI databases from January 2000 to February 2024 with the key words of"neutrophil,fracture healing,bone damage,bone repair,bone remodeling"in Chinese and English.Literature screening was conducted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,resulting in a final selection of 72 articles for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The history of neutrophils has been long,with their importance initially overlooked due to a lack of staining techniques.In 1900,Paul Ehrlich's invention of triacid staining distinguished neutrophils,marking the beginning of research in this field.(2)Under normal conditions,neutrophils migrate to various organs to assist in their physiological functions.In pathological states,neutrophils exert their antimicrobial effects through phagocytosis,degranulation,and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.(3)Neutrophils primarily participate in the early hematoma inflammation stage of fracture healing by releasing cytokines to recruit other immune cells and mesenchymal stem cells.They also produce fibrinogen to promote hematoma formation and establish a local microenvironment.(4)Neutrophils transform into two distinct subtypes,N1 and N2,at different stages of fracture healing,coordinating with each other to promote bone repair.(5)Neutrophils recruited to the fracture site participate in the healing process by secreting cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin-6,interleukin-10,fibroblast growth factor-2,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and platelet-derived growth factor.(6)Neutrophils regulate osteogenesis/osteolysis balance through interactions with the main cellular components involved in different stages of fracture healing.(7)Similar to the widespread research and application of tissue engineering techniques in modulating macrophage polarization in fracture healing,interventions targeting neutrophils to promote fracture healing hold promising prospects for the future.

Rheumatic diseases are chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases that can affect multiple organs and systems.In clinical practice,most patients with rheumatic diseases present with asymptomatic liver function abnormalities during the course of the disease,and the etiology of such diseases may be associated with the rheumatic disease itself,medications,metabolism,viruses,or the presence of other chronic liver diseases.Immune-mediated inflammatory responses play a significant role in liver involvement(including hepatocyte injury,intrahepatic vascular lesions,and hepatic fibrosis)in rheumatic diseases.This article discusses the clinical features and management of liver involvement secondary to rheumatic diseases,in order to enhance the understanding of this condition among specialists in related fields.

Objective:To establish a quality standard system for Descurainiae Semen under the requirements of German Pharmaceutical Codex (DPC); To compare the similarities and differences between DPC and the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China regarding the establishment of a quality standard system for TCM medicinal materials. Methods:Based on the requirements of DPC, and referring to the relevant methods of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, the quality of 30 batches of Descurainiae Semen samples were assessed by observing the appearance and microscopic characteristics and determining their loss on drying, total ash content, and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid. A TLC identification method was established based on a silica gel G TLC plate, using a developing agent composed of ethyl acetate, formic acid, and water in the ratio of 7:1.5:2.5 ( V/ V/ V). The method utilized rutin and quercetin as indicators for the System Suitability Test (SST), and took quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucose-7-O-β-D-gentiobioside and isorhamnetin 3-O-β-D-glucose-7-O-β-D-gentiobioside as the index. Based on the content determination method for Descurainiae Semen in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, a content determination method was established with quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucose-7-O-β- D-gentiobioside as the index. Results:The loss on drying for the 30 batches of samples ranged from 6.15% to 12.0%, with the total ash content ranged from 3.17% to 9.44%, and the ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid content ranged from 0.14% to 4.82%. The resolution of rutin and quercetin met the DPC's requirements for the SST criteria in TLC identification, and all batches of samples showed good separation of the index components. This method could effectively distinguish Descurainiae Semen from Lepidii Semen. Using modern chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, the structure of the chromatographic peak adjacent to the component of the index (quercetin-3-O-β- D-glucoside-7-O-β-D-gentiobioside) was identified as descuraic anhydride B. The resolution between the two components in all batches of samples was greater than 3.1, which met the DPC's requirements for the SST criteria in content determination. The results of the methodological investigations met the requirements for content determination. The content of quercetin-3-O-β- D-glucose-7-O-β-D-gentiobioside in 30 batches of samples ranged from 0.062%-0.125%.Conclusion:The established quality standard system for Descurainiae Semen in this article is comprehensive, and meets the requirements of the DPC, which can be used for the quality control of Descurainiae Semen.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy（AIT） remains the only therapeutic approach with the potential to modify the natural course of allergic rhinitis（AR）. Nevertheless, considerable inter-individual variability exists in patients'responses to AIT. To facilitate more reliable assessment of treatment efficacy, the China Rhinopathy Research Cooperation Group（CRRCG） convened young and middle-aged nasal experts in China to formulate the present consensus. The recommended subjective outcome measures for AIT comprise symptom scores, medication scores, combined symptom and medication scores, quality-of-life assessments, evaluation of disease control, and assessment of comorbidities. Objective indicators may supplement these measures. Currently available objective approaches include skin prick testing, nasal provocation testing, and allergen exposure chambers. However, these methods remain constrained by practical limitations and are not yet appropriate for routine implementation in clinical efficacy evaluation. In addition, several biomarkers, including sIgE and the sIgE/tIgE ratio, sIgG4, serum IgE-blocking activity, IgA, cytokines and chemokines, as well as immune cell surface molecules and their functional activity, have been shown to have associations with AIT outcomes. While these biomarkers may complement subjective assessments, they are subject to significant limitations. Consequently, large-scale multicenter trials and real-world evidence are required to strengthen the evidence base. The present consensus underscores the necessity of integrating patients'subjective experiences with objective testing throughout the treatment process, thereby providing a more comprehensive and accurate framework for efficacy evaluation. Looking forward, future investigations should prioritize the incorporation of multi-omics data and artificial intelligence methodologies, which hold promise for overcoming current limitations in assessment strategies and for advancing both the standardization and personalization of AIT.
Humans ; Allergens/immunology* ; China ; Consensus ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Immunoglobulin E ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; East Asian People