Senile trichiasis is primarily manifested by eyelid laxity, decreased horizontal elasticity and tension of the eyelids, leading to friction between the eyelashes and the cornea, which subsequently causes corneal damage and vision decline. Surgical intervention remains the most effective therapeutic approach for senile trichiasis. This article elaborates on the epidemiological characteristics, pathological mechanisms, and clinical manifestations of senile trichiasis and systematically reviews the surgical treatment method for upper and lower eyelid trichiasis, including traditional surgical techniques and emerging minimally invasive procedures combined with personalized therapies. Through a literature review, the effectiveness and recurrence rates of surgical treatment are summarized, emphasizing the importance of preoperative assessment and individualized treatment. Additionally, strategies and recommendations for preventing senile trichiasis are proposed.

The Occupational Classification Dictionary of the People's Republic of China (2015 Edition) has added a new occupation type, Medical Nursing Assistants, aiming to meet the strong demand for medical care in the context of the aging population in China.In order to standardize the services of medical nursing assistants for the elderly in home and community settings and contribute to healthy aging, the National Health Commission issued the " Service Standards for Medical Nursing Assistants of Older Adults in Home and Community" ( WS/ T 803—2022) on September 28, 2022.The standards regulate the service processes, service items and requirements, as well as service evaluation and improvement for elderly medical nursing assistants.The interpretation of the standard's formulation background, the compilation process, and the standard's content are as follows.

Vitiligo is a common depigmentation skin disorder,characterized by hypopigmented or depig-mented patches on the skin or mucous membranes.The disease can be classified into two stages:the active stage and the stable stage.Accurately determining the disease stage is crucial for developing an appropriate treatment plan.However,there is currently no standardized biological marker to assess the disease stage.This article reviews the progress of research on biological markers for different stages of vitiligo.

Objective:To investigate the association between urinary arsenic, selenium, and chromium levels and the risk and predisposing factors of diabetes mellitus in people with previous endemic arsenic exposure.Methods:From September to December 2024, 240 residents in the drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic disease area in Hohhot were taken as the study subjects. They were divided into an exposed group ( n = 91) and a non-exposed group ( n = 149) based on whether they had suffered from arsenism in the past. The exposed group was further divided into diabetes and non diabetes subgroups ( n = 54, 37) based on the prevalence of diabetes, and the diabetes subgroup was further divided into type 1 and type 2 diabetes subgroups ( n = 23, 31) based on the type of diabetes. Questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the basic situation, measure fasting blood glucose, and determine the levels of arsenic, selenium, and chromium in urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors of diabetes mellitus. Results:The difference of prevalence of diabetes mellitus was statistically significant between the exposed group and non-exposed group [59.3% (54/91) vs. 41.6% (62/149), χ2 = 7.11, P = 0.008]. The levels of urinary arsenic, selenium, and chromium in the exposed group were higher than those in the non-exposed group ( t = - 2.00, - 2.14, - 2.18, P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in urinary arsenic level, body mass index (BMI), the distribution of age, smoking status, and gender between the diabetes patients and non-diabetes patients in the exposed group ( t = 2.20, 3.57, χ2 = 10.76, 5.23, 4.01, P < 0.05). The difference of urinary arsenic levels were statistically significant between patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in the exposed group ( t = - 2.06, P = 0.048). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, age, sex, smoking, and urinary arsenic levels were risk factors for diabetes ( P < 0.05). For every 1-unit increase in urinary arsenic, fasting blood glucose levels increased by 0.057 times (95% CI: 0.018 - 0.103, P = 0.029). Conclusions:There is a significant correlation between the urine arsenic level of people with previous endemic arsenic exposure and diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes. Men, smoking, overweight, age ≥65 years, and high urinary arsenic level are risk factors for diabetes.

Vitiligo is a common depigmentation skin disorder,characterized by hypopigmented or depig-mented patches on the skin or mucous membranes.The disease can be classified into two stages:the active stage and the stable stage.Accurately determining the disease stage is crucial for developing an appropriate treatment plan.However,there is currently no standardized biological marker to assess the disease stage.This article reviews the progress of research on biological markers for different stages of vitiligo.

Objective:To investigate the association between urinary arsenic, selenium, and chromium levels and the risk and predisposing factors of diabetes mellitus in people with previous endemic arsenic exposure.Methods:From September to December 2024, 240 residents in the drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic disease area in Hohhot were taken as the study subjects. They were divided into an exposed group ( n = 91) and a non-exposed group ( n = 149) based on whether they had suffered from arsenism in the past. The exposed group was further divided into diabetes and non diabetes subgroups ( n = 54, 37) based on the prevalence of diabetes, and the diabetes subgroup was further divided into type 1 and type 2 diabetes subgroups ( n = 23, 31) based on the type of diabetes. Questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the basic situation, measure fasting blood glucose, and determine the levels of arsenic, selenium, and chromium in urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors of diabetes mellitus. Results:The difference of prevalence of diabetes mellitus was statistically significant between the exposed group and non-exposed group [59.3% (54/91) vs. 41.6% (62/149), χ2 = 7.11, P = 0.008]. The levels of urinary arsenic, selenium, and chromium in the exposed group were higher than those in the non-exposed group ( t = - 2.00, - 2.14, - 2.18, P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in urinary arsenic level, body mass index (BMI), the distribution of age, smoking status, and gender between the diabetes patients and non-diabetes patients in the exposed group ( t = 2.20, 3.57, χ2 = 10.76, 5.23, 4.01, P < 0.05). The difference of urinary arsenic levels were statistically significant between patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in the exposed group ( t = - 2.06, P = 0.048). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, age, sex, smoking, and urinary arsenic levels were risk factors for diabetes ( P < 0.05). For every 1-unit increase in urinary arsenic, fasting blood glucose levels increased by 0.057 times (95% CI: 0.018 - 0.103, P = 0.029). Conclusions:There is a significant correlation between the urine arsenic level of people with previous endemic arsenic exposure and diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes. Men, smoking, overweight, age ≥65 years, and high urinary arsenic level are risk factors for diabetes.

Senile trichiasis is primarily manifested by eyelid laxity, decreased horizontal elasticity and tension of the eyelids, leading to friction between the eyelashes and the cornea, which subsequently causes corneal damage and vision decline. Surgical intervention remains the most effective therapeutic approach for senile trichiasis. This article elaborates on the epidemiological characteristics, pathological mechanisms, and clinical manifestations of senile trichiasis and systematically reviews the surgical treatment method for upper and lower eyelid trichiasis, including traditional surgical techniques and emerging minimally invasive procedures combined with personalized therapies. Through a literature review, the effectiveness and recurrence rates of surgical treatment are summarized, emphasizing the importance of preoperative assessment and individualized treatment. Additionally, strategies and recommendations for preventing senile trichiasis are proposed.

The Occupational Classification Dictionary of the People's Republic of China (2015 Edition) has added a new occupation type, Medical Nursing Assistants, aiming to meet the strong demand for medical care in the context of the aging population in China.In order to standardize the services of medical nursing assistants for the elderly in home and community settings and contribute to healthy aging, the National Health Commission issued the " Service Standards for Medical Nursing Assistants of Older Adults in Home and Community" ( WS/ T 803—2022) on September 28, 2022.The standards regulate the service processes, service items and requirements, as well as service evaluation and improvement for elderly medical nursing assistants.The interpretation of the standard's formulation background, the compilation process, and the standard's content are as follows.

Objective To investigate the effect of circular RNA(circRNA)ACAP2 on myocardial injury in MI rats by regulating the miR-421/B cell translocation gene 2(BTG2)axis.Methods A rat MI model and an H9c2 myocardial cell model were constructed.A total of 80 rats were divided into sham operation group,MI group,small interfering RNA-negative control(si-NC)group,si-circACAP2 group,overexpression control(pcDNA3.1)group,pCDNA3.1-circACAP2 group,pCDNA3.1-circACAP2+mimic NC group,and pCDNA3.1-circACAP2+miR-421 mimic group,with 10 rats in each group.H9c2 cells were divided into hypoxia group,hypoxia+si-NC group,hypoxia+si-circACAP2 group,hypoxia+pcDNA3.1 group,hypoxia+pcDNA3.1 circACAP2 group,hypoxia+pcDNA3.1 circACAP2+mimic NC group,hypoxia+pcDNA3.1 circACAP2+miR-421 mimic group,and control group.LVEF,LVFS,myocardial infarction,pathological chan-ges of myocardial tissue,and circACAP2,miR-421 and BTG2 mRNA expression,LDH,CK-MB activity,H9c2 cardiomyocyte viability and apoptosis,BTG2 protein expression in myocardial tis-sue,and BTG2 protein expression in H9c2 cardiomyocytes were detected in each group.Results Compared with the sham operation group,higher mRNA levels of circACAP2(1.84±0.21 vs 1.00±0.10)and BTG2(1.68±0.17 vs 1.00±0.10),larger infarct size,stronger activities of CK-MB and LDH,while decreased expression of miR-421(0.49±0.05 vs 1.00±0.11)and LVFS and LVEF values were observed in the MI group(P＜0.05).Compared with the si-NC group,the si-circACAP2 group had alleviated myocardial injury,increased LVFS and LVEF values,and decreased infarct size and CK-MB and LDH activities(P＜0.05).Significantly increased cell via-bility,and reduced apoptotic rate and CK-MB and LDH activities were observed in the hypoxia+si-circACAP2 group than the hypoxia+si-NC group(P＜0.05).Compared with the pcDNA3.1 group,myocardial injury was aggravated,LVFS and LVEF were decreased,and infarct size and CK-MB and LDH activities were increased in the pcDNA3.1-circACAP2 group(P＜0.05);Com-pared with the hypoxia+pcDNA3.1 group,the hypoxia+PCDNA3.1-circACAP2 group signifi-cantly decreased cell viability,and enhanced apoptotic rate and CK-MB and LDH activities(P＜0.05).Conclusion circACAP2 is up-regulated in MI rats and H9c2 cells,and silencing circACAP2 may improve cardiac function,reduce myocardial injury,and increase cardiomyocyte viability by regulating miR-421/BTG2 axis.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of monkeypox patients.Methods:The clinical data and laboratory findings of 4 patients with monkeypox patients diagnosed at Yiwu Central Hospital in July 2023 were analyzed. Herpes fluid and skin tissue samples were collected, the viruses were isolation and cultured in African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) and identified with whole gene sequencing.Results:All four patients were male, aged 24-35 years. All patients had male-to-male behavior within 21 days before onset of the disease. Among them, one patient has AIDS and one patient has syphilis. Four patients presented with perineal skin lesions with itching, and 3 patients were found to have enlarged lymph nodes upon admission. Laboratory testing: lymphocyte abnormality (4.57×10 9/L) in 1 case; increased procalcitonin (0.25 ng/mL) in 1 case; elevated IL-10 levels ( 7.11 ng/L and 9.42 ng/L) in 2 cases; increased IL-6 (66 ng/L) and IL-4 (3.24 ng/L) in 1 case, respectively. One case had abnormal myocardial zymogram with a elevated lactate dehydrogenase level of 313 U/L. The monkeypox virus was isolated from lesion tissue and herpes fluid, and the whole gene sequencing identified it as the B. 1.3 subtype of the IIb evolutionary branch, exhibiting typical pathological effects on Vero cells. Conclusion:The clinical manifestations of the 4 monkeypox patients confirmed in Zhejiang province are mild, patients had a definitive history of male-to-male sexual behavior and the virus strains belong to the B. 1.3 lineage of the IIb evolutionary branch.