Banxia Xiexin Decoction has the effect of harmonizing the spleen and stomach,and regulating cold and heat.It is mainly used for the treatment of epigastric fullness of mixed cold and heat in the heart,and has certain advantages in relieving symptoms,reducing recurrence rates,and ensuring safety.This article reviewed the clinical application of Banxia Xiexin Decoction from the perspectives of digestive system diseases,neurological diseases,gastrointestinal tumors,respiratory system diseases,endocrine diseases,dermatological diseases,gynecological diseases,and other diseases.It also summarized the mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Decoction from the aspects of protection of gastrointestinal mucosa,anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effects,immune regulation,regulation of neurotransmitters,anti-tumor effects,blood glucose lowering,and improvement of insulin resistance,providing reference for the in-depth research and application of Banxia Xiexin Decoction.

Objective To use chromosome microarray analysis(CMA)technology to detect and analyze spontaneous abortion tissues,and explore the genetic factors that contribute to the occurrence of spontaneous abortion.Methods The abortion tissues of totally 1 038 patients with spontaneous abortion who came to the hospital for treatment from January 1,2019 to December 31,2021 were collected.CMA technology was used to detect the tissues,and the results were analyzed for genetic etiology.Results Among 1 038 cases of spontane-ous abortion patients,901 cases were qualified for sampling and 901 cases were actually tested.There were 443 cases of chromosomal abnormalities and(or)copy number variations(CNV)with unknown significance de-tected by CMA,with an abnormality rate of 49.17％.There were 41 cases of pathogenic CNV,accounting for 9.26％of the total abnormalities.There were statistically significant differences in the total chromosome ab-normality rate(x2=17.37)and chromosome number abnormality rate(x2=26.43)of aborted fetuses among different age groups of pregnant women(P＜0.001).There were statistically significant differences in the to-tal chromosome abnormality rate(x2=19.63)and chromosome number abnormality rate(x2=22.66)of dif-ferent miscarriage tissues during pregnancy(P＜0.001).Conclusion The application of CMA technology to detect the miscarriage tissue of patients with spontaneous abortion can improve the detection rate of chromo-somal abnormalities in miscarriage embryos,discover potential genetic factors,and provide genetic guidance for patients' next pregnancy.

Objective:To report the nationwide surveillance results of pathogenic profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Gram-positive bloodstream infections in China in 2023.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-posttive bacteria from blood cultures were collected in member hospitals of National Bloodstream Infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）during January to December 2023. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the dilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. Statistical analyses were conducted using WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software.Results:A total of 4 385 Gram-positive bacterial isolates were obtained from 60 participating center. The top five pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus（ n=1 544，35.2%），coagulase-negative Staphylococci（ n=1 441，32.9%）， Enterococcus faecium（ n=574，13.1%）， Enterococcus faecalis（ n=385，8.8%），and α-hemolytic Streptococci（ n=187，4.3%）. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci（MRCNS）was 26.2%（405/1 544）and 69.8%（1 006/1 441），respectively. Notably，all Staphylococci remained susceptible to glycopeptide or daptomycin. Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated excellent susceptibility（>97.0%）to cephalobiol，rifampicin，trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole，linezolid，minocycline，tigecycline，and eravacycline. No Enterococcus exhibiting resistance to linezolid were detected. Glycopeptide resistance was uncommon but more frequent in Enterococcus faecium（resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin：both 1.7%）compared to Enterococcus faecalis（both 0.3%）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS exhibited significant regional variations across the country（ χ2=17.674 and 148.650，respectively，both P<0.001）. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci were detected in central China. Institutional comparison demonstrated higher prevalence of MRSA（ χ2=14.111， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.828， P=0.028）in provincial hospitals than that in municipal hospitals. Socioeconomic analysis identified elevated detection rates of both MRSA（ χ2=18.986， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.477， P=0.034）in less developed regions（per capita GDP

Objective:To report the results of bacterial resistant investigation collaborative system（BRICS）on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2023，and provide reference for clinical tretment of bloodstream infections and prevention and control of bacterial resistance.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of BRICS were collected during January 2023 to December 2023. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，11 492 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 60 hospitals，of which 10 098（87.9%）were Enterobacterales and 1 394（12.1%）were non-fermentative bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（50.0%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（26.1%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（5.1%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（5.0%）and Enterobacter cloacae complex（4.1%）. The ESBL-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirablilis were 46.8%（2 685/5 741），18.3%（549/2 999）and 44.0%（77/175），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（76/5 741）and 15.0%（450/2 999）；32.9%（25/76）and 78.0%（351/450）of CREC and CRKP were sensitive to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. 94.7%（72/76）and 90.2%（406/450）of CREC and CRKP were sensitive to aztreonam/avibactam combination. Furthermore，57.9%（44/76）and 79.1%（356/450）were sensitive to imipenem/relebactam combination. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 64.6%（370/573），while more than 80.0% of CRAB complex was sensitive to tigecycline，eravacycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 17.0%（99/581）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of important Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions in China，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA and CRAB complex（ χ2=10.6，28.6，10.8 and 19.3， P<0.05）. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli， CREC，CRAB complex and CRKP were higher in provincial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=12.5，9.8，12.7 and 57.8，all P<0.01）. Conclusions:Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens causing bloodstream infections in China，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of Klebsiella pneumoniae increases continuously with time. CRKP infection shows a slow upward trend，CREC infecton maintains a low prevalence level，and CRAB complex infection continues to exhibit a high prevalence rate. The composition and resistance patterns of pathogens causing bloodstream infections vary to some extent across different regions and levels of hospitals in China.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease caused by lipid deposition in the inner wall of blood vessels.Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of cell death characterized by iron dependence and lipid reactive oxygen accumulation.Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.This article explained the correlation between ferroptosis and atherosclerosis from the aspects of foam cell formation,endothelial cell death,vascular smooth muscle proliferation and calcification,and believed that ferroptosis runs through its pathological process.By combing the current research status of the mechanism of Chinese materia medica regulating ferroptosis to treat atherosclerosis,it can be seen that TCM monomers and compounds can reduce endothelial cell dysfunction and inflammatory response,slow down oxidative stress levels,and reduce the accumulation of oxidized lipids under the intima of arterial blood vessels by regulating ferroptosis p53,Nrf2 signaling pathway,amino acid metabolism,lipid metabolism,etc.,so that the blood vessels reach homeostasis,which can provide a reference for the exploration of clinical treatment strategies for atherosclerosis.

Objective:To systematically evaluate predictive models for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in pregnant and postpartum women, providing a reference for model development, application, and promotion.Methods:A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and China Biology Medicine disc for studies on SUI predictive models in pregnant and postpartum women. The search period was from database inception to September 30, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias in the predictive models was assessed using the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool.Results:A total of 23 studies were included, covering 31 predictive models for SUI, with a combined sample size of 14 473 women. Among them, six models focused on predicting SUI in pregnant women, while 25 models were developed for postpartum SUI. The predictive factors identified in these models were categorized into nine groups, including: general information for pregnant and postpartum women, delivery data, neonatal data, past history, abortion history, lifestyle data, pelvic floor muscle screening results, 2D and 3D ultrasound data, and serological indicators. Among these, age, mode of delivery, parity, body mass index, history of SUI, and neonatal weight were widely recognized as key predictive factors. External validation was performed in five studies. Five studies showed good applicability and low bias risk, except for one study that had limitations in both bias risk and applicability, and the remaining studies exhibited a high risk of bias but demonstrated good applicability.Conclusions:The methodological quality of SUI predictive models for pregnant and postpartum women needs further improvement. External validation remains insufficient. Future model development should be based on large-sample, prospective studies, incorporating appropriate predictive factors and stratifying SUI risk in different populations to enhance clinical applicability.

Objective:To search, evaluate, and summarize evidence regarding strategies to promote pelvic floor muscle contraction (PFMC) function in postpartum women, providing a basis for clinical practice.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in computer decision support systems, guideline websites, relevant professional association websites, and English and Chinese databases for evidence related to strategies to promote PFMC function in postpartum women. The sources included guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, and original studies, with the search period from June 2014 to January 2025. Two researchers independently assessed the quality of the included articles and extracted data for the evidence summary.Results:A total of 24 articles were included: nine guidelines, five expert consensus, three evidence summaries, two systematic reviews, and five original studies. The evidence was summarized across four domains: screening and assessment, team building, intervention strategies, and outcome evaluation, resulting in 25 key pieces of evidence.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for strategies to promote PFMC function in postpartum women, providing scientific and rigorous evidence for clinical practice. It supports the development of effective training programs to enhance postpartum women's quality of life.

Banxia Xiexin Decoction has the effect of harmonizing the spleen and stomach,and regulating cold and heat.It is mainly used for the treatment of epigastric fullness of mixed cold and heat in the heart,and has certain advantages in relieving symptoms,reducing recurrence rates,and ensuring safety.This article reviewed the clinical application of Banxia Xiexin Decoction from the perspectives of digestive system diseases,neurological diseases,gastrointestinal tumors,respiratory system diseases,endocrine diseases,dermatological diseases,gynecological diseases,and other diseases.It also summarized the mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Decoction from the aspects of protection of gastrointestinal mucosa,anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effects,immune regulation,regulation of neurotransmitters,anti-tumor effects,blood glucose lowering,and improvement of insulin resistance,providing reference for the in-depth research and application of Banxia Xiexin Decoction.

Objective:To systematically evaluate predictive models for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in pregnant and postpartum women, providing a reference for model development, application, and promotion.Methods:A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and China Biology Medicine disc for studies on SUI predictive models in pregnant and postpartum women. The search period was from database inception to September 30, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias in the predictive models was assessed using the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool.Results:A total of 23 studies were included, covering 31 predictive models for SUI, with a combined sample size of 14 473 women. Among them, six models focused on predicting SUI in pregnant women, while 25 models were developed for postpartum SUI. The predictive factors identified in these models were categorized into nine groups, including: general information for pregnant and postpartum women, delivery data, neonatal data, past history, abortion history, lifestyle data, pelvic floor muscle screening results, 2D and 3D ultrasound data, and serological indicators. Among these, age, mode of delivery, parity, body mass index, history of SUI, and neonatal weight were widely recognized as key predictive factors. External validation was performed in five studies. Five studies showed good applicability and low bias risk, except for one study that had limitations in both bias risk and applicability, and the remaining studies exhibited a high risk of bias but demonstrated good applicability.Conclusions:The methodological quality of SUI predictive models for pregnant and postpartum women needs further improvement. External validation remains insufficient. Future model development should be based on large-sample, prospective studies, incorporating appropriate predictive factors and stratifying SUI risk in different populations to enhance clinical applicability.

Objective:To search, evaluate, and summarize evidence regarding strategies to promote pelvic floor muscle contraction (PFMC) function in postpartum women, providing a basis for clinical practice.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in computer decision support systems, guideline websites, relevant professional association websites, and English and Chinese databases for evidence related to strategies to promote PFMC function in postpartum women. The sources included guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, and original studies, with the search period from June 2014 to January 2025. Two researchers independently assessed the quality of the included articles and extracted data for the evidence summary.Results:A total of 24 articles were included: nine guidelines, five expert consensus, three evidence summaries, two systematic reviews, and five original studies. The evidence was summarized across four domains: screening and assessment, team building, intervention strategies, and outcome evaluation, resulting in 25 key pieces of evidence.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for strategies to promote PFMC function in postpartum women, providing scientific and rigorous evidence for clinical practice. It supports the development of effective training programs to enhance postpartum women's quality of life.