Virus-like particles(VLPs)are hollow nanoparticles composed of one or several virus structural proteins,which have a morphological structure similar to natural viruses but do not contain any genetic material.Due to the excellent innate immunogenicity and safety of VLPs,they are often used in the development of tumor vaccines.In addition,compared with traditional drug delivery vectors,VLPs have better biocompatibility and strong targeting ability,making them highly valued in the delivery of anti-tumor drugs.In recent years,the efficient delivery of gene editing tools using VLPs has provided new possibilities for tumor treatment.VLPs can inhibit tumor growth and spread through various mechanisms,such as activating immune responses to suppress tumor growth,stimulating the body's immune system,promoting the expression of tumor associated antigens,and enhancing the body's ability to recognize and clear tumor cells.These studies not only broaden the application scope of VLPs in the field of anti-tumor therapy,but also provide a broader prospect for future research and application.This article reviewed the research progress of VLPs derived from different viruses in preventive or therapeutic vaccines and drug delivery carriers,and explored new development strategies.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of children with anti-GT1a antibody-positive Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).Methods:A case series study was conducted, including 25 children diagnosed with serum anti-GT1a antibody-positive GBS at Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from March 2019 to December 2024. Clinical data, treatment protocols, and follow-up outcomes were analyzed. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the changes in Hughes functional grading scale (HFGS). Results:A total of 25 children included 12 boys and 13 girls, and the age at first onset was (71±8) months. There were 16 children (64%) had preceding infections, and of which 13 children had predominantly respiratory tract infections. At disease peak, neurological manifestations included limb weakness (21 cases (84%)), bulbar palsy (13 cases (52%)), drowsiness (7 cases (28%)), limb pain (9 cases (36%)), ataxia (6 cases (24%)), respiratory muscle paralysis (5 cases (20%)), ophthalmoplegia (5 cases (20%)), and unilateral facial nerve palsy (4 cases (16%)). Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in 23 children revealed albuminocytological dissociation in 18 children. All 25 children underwent whole-spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), demonstrated spinal nerve root enhancement in 18 children, with leptomeningeal enhancement combined with spinal nerve root enhancement in 1 child. Electromyography in 16 children showed 15 children abnormality, of which demyelinating lesions in 8 children, mixed demyelinating-axonal changes in 4 children, and pure axonal involvement in 3 children. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was administered to 21 cases (84%), of which 3 children required mechanical ventilation and blood purification (plasma exchange in 2 children and immunoadsorption in 1 child) due to disease progression. Four children (16%) received intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) instead of IVIG, with 1 child requiring ventilatory support due to respiratory muscle paralysis, and the tracheal tube was removed after continued sequential IVMP treatment. The hospitalization duration of 25 children was (23±3) d. At discharge, HFGS was 1.6 (0.6, 2.7) score. At a follow-up of 12 (4, 18) months, HFGS was 0.1 (0.0, 0.5) score, and higher than that at discharge ( Z=4.38, P<0.05). Two children relapsed but achieved remission after IVIG retreatment with no recurrence during 1-year follow-up. Conclusions:Anti-GT1a antibody-positive GBS in children predominantly presents with limb weakness and bulbar palsy, occasionally complicated by respiratory failure in the acute phase. Demyelinating neuropathy and spinal nerve root enhancement on MRI are characteristic. IVIG therapy yields favorable outcomes, with low residual disability. Relapses are rare but manageable with re-treatment.

Objective The purpose of writing the"expert consensus on humanistic care for patients in hospice care"(hereinafter referred to as the"consensus")aims to standardize the practice of humanistic care in the field of hospice care,ensuring that humanistic care is integrated throughout the entire service process for hospice care patients and their families.Methods A systematic search was conducted in domestic and foreign databases for literature related to hospice care and humanistic care,including guidelines,expert consensuses,systematic reviews or Meta-analyses,and evidence summaries.High-quality evidence was evaluated,extracted,and summarized to form the initial draft of the"consensus".From June to October 2024,20 experts from the fields of hospice care,nursing humanities,and evidence-based nursing were invited to participate in 1 round of expert consultation.Among them,13 experts were selected for 2 rounds of expert demonstration meetings.After collating and analyzing the experts' opinions,the initial draft was revised and refined,ultimately resulting in the final version of the"consensus".Results The effective response rate of the consultation questionnaire was 100％,with expert authority coefficient of 0.880,judgment coefficient of 0.935,and familiarity level of 0.825.The Kendall harmony coefficient of the expert consultation was 0.134(P＜0.05).The"consensus"consisted of 13 aspects,including the targets and objectives,principles,institutional guarantees,environmental requirements,etc.Conclusion This"consensus"possesses strong scientific rigor and practicality,which can provide guidance and references for the practice of humanistic care in the field of hospice care,promoting the standardization and humanization of hospice care services.

Objective:To compare the changes in fracture displacement under different vertical loadings between the 2 different internal fixation modalities for vertically unstable femoral neck fractures of Pauwels type Ⅲ by a mechanical study and a finite element analysis.Methods:Twelve biomimic bones were transversely dissected from 10 cm below the lesser trochanter of the femur to create femoral neck fracture models with a Pauwels angle of 70° using a swing saw. The models were equally divided into 2 groups ( n=6): group A was fixed with 3 cannulated screws after fracture reduction (scheme A), and group B with 3 cannulated screws plus a self-designed anteromedial support plate after fracture reduction (scheme B). Continuous vertical force was applied using a mechanical testing machine. Changes in displacement were recorded and load-displacement curves were plotted. One volunteer (female, 28 years old, 168 cm in height and 65 kg in weight) was selected for finite element analysis of her CT images of both lower limbs to examine the maximum displacement and the maximum Mises stress in scheme A and scheme B respectively. Results:In groups A and B respectively: All the 6 biomimic mimetic bones had similar load and displacement curves, and similar fracture displacements (Dx) at different loading points (N X); the curves of 6 biomimic bones were highly fitted with S-shaped curve equation (the r-square value was close to 1). At the initial loading stage (0 N0.05). When the load was 100 N

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for the treatment of BCR::ABL-negative chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) and MDS/MPN with neutrophilia.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed 12 cases of CNL and MDS/MPN with neutrophilia that underwent allo-HSCT from March 2017 to June 2024, comprising 7 males and 5 females with a median age of 48 ( IQR: 28, 59) years. The 2-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), and transplantation-related mortality (TRM) rates were analyzed. Complications were also assessed. Results:Of the 12 patients, 6 received matched sibling HSCT and 6 received haploidentical HSCT. All patients had successful engraftment, and the median times of neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 17 ( IQR: 11, 24) days and 15 ( IQR: 9, 28) days, respectively. Grade Ⅱ–Ⅳ acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) and chronic GVHD occurred in 2 and 4 cases, respectively. The 2-year OS, DFS, CIR, and TRM rates were (65.6 ± 16.4) %, (41.7 ± 16.6) %, (47.2 ±18.2) %, and (11.1 ± 11.4) %, respectively, after a median follow-up time of 637 ( IQR: 330, 943) days. One patient died from treatment-related complications due to respiratory failure caused by coronavirus disease 2019. Two patients died due to relapse. Conclusion:Allo-HSCT can be applied as a safe and effective approach to treat CNL and MDS/MPN with neutrophilia.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of superoxide dismutase （SOD） administration on the malignant behavior of PLC/PRF/5 liver cancer cells， and analyze the correlation between SOD and alpha-fetoprotein （AFP） expression， to provide new ideas for targeting AFP with SOD as a drug for hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS Normal human liver cells L-02， AFP- negative human liver cancer cells HLE， and AFP-positive human liver cancer cells PLC/PRF/5 were used as experimental cells. Western blot assay and SOD activity detection kit were used to detect the expression of AFP， SOD and activity of SOD in cells before and after changing AFP expression； the effects of different concentrations of SOD [0 （control）， 0.188， 0.375， 0.75， 1.5， 3 U/mL] administration on the migration and proliferation of PLC/PRF/5 cells were detected using cell scratch assay and CCK-8 assay. The effects of SOD overexpression on the expression of malignant biological behavior-related proteins AFP and sarcoma virus protein （Src） in PLC/PRF/5 cells were detected using Western blot. RESULTS Compared with L-02 group and HLE group， the expression levels of SOD1 and SOD2， and SOD activity in PLC/PRF/5 cells were significantly reduced （P＜0.05）. After down-regulating AFP expression in PLC/PRF/ 5 cells， compared with PLC/PRF/5 group， the expression levels of SOD1 and SOD2， as well as SOD activity， were significantly increased in the PLC/PRF/5-shAFP group （low-expression） （P＜0.05）. After 48 hours of SOD treatment， compared with control group， the scratch healing rates of PLC/PRF/5 cells in the 0.375， 0.75， 1.5 and 3 U/mL SOD groups were significantly reduced （P＜0.05）； after 72 hours of SOD treatment， compared with control group， the scratch healing rates of PLC/PRF/5 cells in the 0.375， 0.75， and 1.5 U/mL SOD groups were significantly reduced （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with control group， proliferation rates of PLC/PRF/5 cells were significantly reduced in the 0.375， 0.75， 1.5 and 3 U/mL SOD groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the PLC/PRF/5 group before up-regulating SOD1 and SOD2 expression， the expression levels of AFP and Src in the PLC/PRF/5-oeSOD1 and PLC/PRF/5-oeSOD2 groups （over-expression） after up-regulating SOD1 and SOD2 expression were significantly reduced （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS A certain concentration of SOD can inhibit malignant behavior such as migration and proliferation of PLC/PRF/5 cells， and the expression level and activity of SOD are negatively correlated with AFP.

Objective:To find out whether the performance of a China-made high performance human centrifuge can satisfy the need of high G training by conducting physiological experiments.Methods:The dynamic physical performance of the anti-G equipment with the human centrifuge was tested before 5 subjects underwent the gradual-onset rate (GOR) run and rapid onset rate (ROR) run experiments. The G onset rate of GOR was 0.1 G/s. The relaxed G-tolerance under GOR (GOR tolerance 1) and the anti-G straining maneuver aided G-tolerance under GOR (GOR tolerance 2) were tested respectively. The G onset rate of ROR was 3 G/s, and the closed-loop mode and pre-programed mode were employed respectively. The closed-loop mode involved 5 G 10 s and 8 G 10 s, where the subjects were required to manipulate the joystick to ensure that the real-time curve of the load matched the target curve. In the pre-programmed mode, the subjects were exposed to 8 G 10 s passively, without any operation requirements. A subjective evaluation form was filled out by subjects after the experiments, in which the 14 indexes for evaluation were about the gondola facilities and environment, running processes, medical monitoring and overall assessment.Results:Both the oxygen mask and anti-G suit achieved full pressurization within 2.0 s. The GOR tolerance 1 was [4.0(3.8, 4.6)] G while the GOR tolerance 2 was (6.2±0.5) G, suggesting a statistically significant difference ( Z=-2.63, P=0.008). The HP anti-G straining maneuver effect was (2.0±0.6) G. All the 5 subjects finished the 5 G 10 s experiment in a closed-loop mode. Three of them attempted 8 G 10 s in the closed-loop mode (1 subject achieved only 7.6 G peak acceleration, and the other 2 achieved full 8 G 10 s exposure), while the remaining 2 completed the 8 G 10 s in the pre-programmed mode. In the closed-loop mode, it was found that the stick force was too strong, the guiding G and real time G curve were not easy to distinguish for some of the subjects because the curve colors were similar, and that the subjects could not see the G curves clearly in case of a grayout. Both seat comfort and the voice quality of communication got the highest subjective assessment score [5.0(4.0, 5.0)] while the sensation of tumble got the lowest score (2.8±0.8). The median or mean scores of other subjective evaluation indexes ranged from 3.0 to 4.6 points. The overall score of subjective assessment was [4.0(3.5, 4.0)] points. Conclusions:The China-made high performance human centrifuge can meet the requirements of 8.0 G high G training, which can be made more effective and comfortable if the strong stick force and feeling of tumble during stop running are overcome.

Aim To clarify the role of sirtuin 1(SIRT1)/dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1)in genistein inhibi-ting oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC).Methods HUVECs were cultured in vitro.The levels of mitochondrial fission factor(MFF),mitochondrial fission pro-tein 1(FIS1),mitofusin 1(MFN1),mitofusin 2(MFN2),optic atrophy 1(OPA1),Bcl-2,Bax,cytochrome c(Cyt c),apoptotic protease activating factor 1(APAF1),cleaved Caspase-9,cleaved Caspase-3,p-DRP1(Ser616)and acety-lation-DRP1(ac-DRP1),as well as the interaction between p-DRP1 and Bax were examined.Results Compared with ox-LDL treatment,genistein pretreatment suppressed the activity of DRP1 through diminishing acetylation and phos-phorylation,which was associated with activating SIRT1(all P＜0.05).Genistein pretreatment inhibited mitochondrial fission by enhancing MFN1,MFN2 and OPA1,and reducing MFF and FIS1(all P＜0.05).Genistein pretreatment sup-pressed apoptosis through inhibiting the interaction between p-DRP1 and Bax,accompanied with increasing Bcl-2 and de-creasing Bax,Cyt c,APAF1,cleaved Caspase-9 and Caspase-3(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Genistein suppressed ox-LDL-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis through activating SIRT1 and inhibiting DRP1 in HUVEC.Therefore,SIRT1/DRP1 had a crucial role in genistein inhibiting ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in HUVEC.

Aim To clarify the role of sirtuin 1(SIRT1)/dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1)in genistein inhibi-ting oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC).Methods HUVECs were cultured in vitro.The levels of mitochondrial fission factor(MFF),mitochondrial fission pro-tein 1(FIS1),mitofusin 1(MFN1),mitofusin 2(MFN2),optic atrophy 1(OPA1),Bcl-2,Bax,cytochrome c(Cyt c),apoptotic protease activating factor 1(APAF1),cleaved Caspase-9,cleaved Caspase-3,p-DRP1(Ser616)and acety-lation-DRP1(ac-DRP1),as well as the interaction between p-DRP1 and Bax were examined.Results Compared with ox-LDL treatment,genistein pretreatment suppressed the activity of DRP1 through diminishing acetylation and phos-phorylation,which was associated with activating SIRT1(all P＜0.05).Genistein pretreatment inhibited mitochondrial fission by enhancing MFN1,MFN2 and OPA1,and reducing MFF and FIS1(all P＜0.05).Genistein pretreatment sup-pressed apoptosis through inhibiting the interaction between p-DRP1 and Bax,accompanied with increasing Bcl-2 and de-creasing Bax,Cyt c,APAF1,cleaved Caspase-9 and Caspase-3(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Genistein suppressed ox-LDL-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis through activating SIRT1 and inhibiting DRP1 in HUVEC.Therefore,SIRT1/DRP1 had a crucial role in genistein inhibiting ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in HUVEC.

BACKGROUND:Graphene oxide,with its excellent physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility,can promote the differentiation of osteoblasts and inhibit the proliferation of bacteria,which will hopefully improve the success rate of implant restoration.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress of graphene oxide in the field of dental implant restoration.METHODS:The related articles published by CNKI,WanFang Database,ScienceDirect,and PubMed from January 2000 to June 2024 were searched by computer.The keywords were"graphene oxide,dental implantation,biocompatibility,antibacterial mechanism,osteoblasts,mechanical properties,chemical properties"in Chinese and English.By reading the titles and abstracts,we preliminarily screened out the documents irrelevant to the topic of the article.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,65 documents were finally included for analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Graphene oxide can increase the innate immune protection response of the body through its own antibacterial and drug-loaded antibacterial abilities,thus inhibiting the occurrence and development of periimplant inflammation.Graphene oxide can promote the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,enhance the proliferation of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells,inhibit the proliferation of osteoclasts,increase the rate of bone bonding between implants and alveolar bones,and contribute to the formation and stability of bone around implants.Graphene oxide can promote the combination of implant and gingival tissue,and reduce the occurrence of inflammation.Graphene oxide has low toxicity,and its biological safety needs further study.Graphene oxide coating endows the surface of titanium implant with excellent physical and chemical properties,which can greatly reduce the occurrence of complications such as implant fracture and prolong the survival time of implant.