This paper mainly discusses the practical significance of the internal quality assurance system of graduate students in a military medical university based on training process management. The integrated internal quality assurance system follows the direction of three core steps—course learning, scientific research practice training, and dissertation writing, and highlights nine key points—learning foundation in admission education and training, knowledge acquisition in course learning, application ability in teaching and scientific research practice, innovation ability in academic activities and innovation competitions, topic selection quality in thesis proposal, training quality in mid-term assessment, paper quality in dissertation writing, output quality in thesis defense, and comprehensive quality in diploma awarding. Our exploration and practical experience is shared in this article.

Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is currently a research hotspot of organ preservation in the field of transplantation. Its safety and effectiveness of organ preservation have been clinically validated especially for preserving marginal donor organs. Various unique advantages of NMP are offered for in vitro organ function assessments, maintenance and organ injury repairing. Within the field of organ medicine, precise clinical interventions based upon in vivo or in vitro researches are implemented through an in vitro organ support system. With an aid of extracorporeal organ support system, an independent extracorporeal circulation system could be established for single or multiple organs more efficiently and safely. And physiological supports and other interventions for target organs are performed. Organ gene editing therapy, organ cell therapy, organ chemotherapy, organolytic virus therapy and organ physiological support therapy are all disciplines of organ quarantine therapy. This emerging theory provides a novel treatment for clinical organ diseases. This review summarized the use of NMP technology based upon the concepts and applications of organ medicine. Also the applications of organ isolation and protection therapy were discussed for organ transplantation and other research fields.

Galactinol synthase (GolS) genes play important roles in plant response to abiotic stress. In this research, the plant expression vector of soybean GmGolS2-2 gene was constructed and transformed into tobacco to study the drought tolerance of transgenic tobacco. A GmGolS2-2 gene with 975 bp coding sequence was cloned from soybean leaves by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). GmGolS2-2 was linked to the plant expression vector pRI101 by restriction enzyme sites Nde Ⅰ and EcoR Ⅰ, and transformed into tobacco by leaf disc method. Genomic DNA PCR and real-time PCR showed that three GmGolS2-2 transgenic tobacco plants were obtained. The growth status of GmGolS2-2 transgenic tobacco under drought stress was better than that of wild-type tobacco. After drought stress treatment, the electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content of transgenic tobacco were lower than those of wild-type tobacco, but the proline content and soluble sugar content were higher than those of wild-type tobacco. The results of real-time PCR showed that the heterologous expression of GmGolS2-2 increased the expression of stress-related genes NtERD10C and NtAQP1 in transgenic tobacco. The above results indicated that GmGolS2-2 improved drought resistance of transgenic tobacco.
Drought Resistance ; Tobacco/genetics* ; Soybeans/genetics* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics* ; Stress, Physiological/genetics* ; Droughts ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

This paper analyzes the current situation of constructing postgraduate education quality assurance systems worldwide, and explores the specific path of constructing a "seven-in-one" medical postgraduate education quality assurance system. The system should be constructed according to the education practice in military medical universities and consider the following aspects: first-class students, first-class teaching, first-class tutors, first-class disciplines, first-class management, first-class culture, and first-class achievements. The system should be constructed by enrollment reform and innovation, teaching method reform, tutor team construction, discipline construction, cultural atmosphere creation, and emphasis on cultivating achievements.

Dizziness or vertigo is a common clinical symptom, and its underlying etiology is complex. Many clinicians are confused about its diagnosis and treatment. This article presents a case about chronic vestibular syndrome. And case appreciation and academic discussion are conducted by well-known domestic neurologists and otologists, so as to provide a good thinking model and basic ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of dizziness or vertigo, hoping to further improve the diagnosis and treatment level among clinicians.
Humans ; Dizziness/therapy* ; Vertigo/etiology* ; Vestibular Diseases/complications* ; Otolaryngologists

This article elaborates how to facilitate the cultivation reform of medical graduate innovation ability from four perspectives: graduates, colleges or universities, supervisors and the society. Graduates should focus on studying high-quality academic papers, participate in various academic competitions, and actively apply for research projects; universities should innovate education philosophy, optimize curriculum system, create innovation-stimulating cultural atmosphere, establish quality supervision mechanism; supervisors should set a good example for their students, maintain a harmonious relationship with students, take the responsibility of fostering virtue though education and organize excellent supervisor team; and the society should support universities to realize "industry-education collaboration".

Objective:To explore the long-term preservation value and repair effect of normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) on clinically discarded kidneys.Methods:A case of clinical discarded donor kidney was collected, and NMP was carried out in vitro for 9 hours with recovered blood. The dynamic changes of renal appearance, blood gas and biochemistry analysis of perfusate and renal pathology were recorded. Results:In the second to fifth hour of NMP, the appearance of renal was pink and ex vivo normothermic perfusion assessment score (EVNP) was grade Ⅰ. While, the sixth hour and beyond of NMP, the appearance of kidney turned to dark red and EVNP was grade Ⅲ. The renal perfusion blood flow maintained above 150 ml/min in the first 6 hours and decreased significantly after that, and at the end, was only 50 ml/min. During the whole process of perfusion, urine output was maintained at about 100 ml/h. PO 2 remained above 100 mmHg in the first 5 hours of perfusion and from the 6th hour, was lower than 80 mmHg and continued to decline, and was close to 0 at the end of perfusion. The results showed that although the K + concentration changes in blood and urine in the first 5 hours of NMP had a good consistency, the lactic acid level had been rising. In addition, there was no significant change in the histopathology at the fourth hour of perfusion compared with that before zero-point puncture, and the fibrinous thrombus in glomeruli was improved compared with that before perfusion. However, at the sixth hour after perfusion and before the end of perfusion, the pathological changes of renal tissue were significantly worse. There were a large of thrombosis in glomerular blood vessels, renal tubular atrophy and acute tubular necrosis. Conclusions:NMP can realize the evaluation of extended criteria donors before transplantation, and it proves the feasibility and repair potential of NMP in kidney to a certain extent. At the same time, NMP also provides a new way to expand the source of donor kidney and to pre-treat organ in vitro.

Objective:To summarize the clinical and laboratory characteristics of infectious mononucleosis (IM) in children.Methods:Clinical features and laboratory results of 270 cases with IM admitted to the Department of Pediatrics in Strategic Support Force Medical Center of People′s Liberation Army from January 2012 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. χ2 test was used for comparison between groups. Results:IM mainly occurred in children aged 5 months to 18 years old in autumn and spring.The highest incidence rate (105 cases, 38.9%) was 3-<6 years old (preschoolers). There were 253 cases (93.7%) with fever, 266 cases (98.5%) with adenopharyngitis, 196 cases (72.6%) with tonsil pseudomembrane or exudation, 248 cases (91.9%) with cervical lymphadenopathy, 92 cases (34.1%) with eyelid edema, 202 cases (74.8%) with nasal obstruction, 124 cases (45.9%) with nasal obstruction and snoring, 24 cases (8.9%) with rash, and 112 cases (41.5%) with splenomegaly.A total of 225 cases (83.3%) presented with typical triplets of IM (fever, adenopharyngitis and cervical lymphadenopathy). Sixty-two IM patients were complicated with pulmonary infections and 3 cases with diarrhea.The main co-infection pathogens in children with IM were Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) (79 cases, 29.3%), influenza A or B virus (34 cases, 12.6%), Streptococcus pneumonia (SP) (18 cases, 6.7%), adenovirus (22 cases, 8.1%) and cytomegalovirus (3 cases, 1.11%). A total of 46 cases (17.0%) had multiple infections.Laboratory test results suggested that absolute lymphocyte count ≥5.0×10 9/L was found in 199 cases (73.7%), and abnormal lymphocyte ratio >0.10 was found in 225 cases (83.3%). Some children had elevated transaminase levels.Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen-immunoglobulin M (EBV-VCA-IgM) was positive in 249 cases (92.2%), Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen-immunoglobulin G (EBV-VCA-IgG) was positive in 238 cases (88.1%), and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-immunoglobulin G (EBV-NA-IgG) was negative in all cases.EBV-VCA-IgG showed low affinity in all cases (<40%). EBV DNA tests of peripheral blood plasma were carried in 153 cases, of which 118 cases (77.1%) were positive. Conclusions:EBV related IM mainly attacks preschoolers.Most patients are presented with typical triplets of IM.Eyelid edema, nasal obstruction, snoring, splenomegaly and elevated transaminase levels are prevalent in IM children.Most cases have a favorable prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of the modified gasless unilateral axillary approach (MGUAA) endoscopic thyroid surgery in treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) .Methods:From Jan. 2019 to Dec. 2019, 90 patients receiving PTMC (cT1N0M0, cI stage, 8th, 2017 AJCC) therapy by modified gasless unilateral axillary approach endoscopic thyroid surgery (MGUAA group, n=41) , and conventional open thyroid surgery (OS group, n=49) were retrospectively analyzed. Ninety patients were enrolled in the study, including 14 males and 76 females,with the mean age (42.1±12.0) years.The effectiveness of central lymph node dissection (CLND) , the operation time, the types of operation, the amount of drainage, the duration of hospital stay, the related complications, the postoperative pain of neck and axillary and the cosmetic satisfaction were compared between the two groups.SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis, the measurement data was expressed by ±s, paired t test was used to compare the measurement data between groups, and Chi-square test was used to campare the count date between groups. Results:The mean age (35.0±8.6) years and the amount of surgical bleeding (12.3±7.3) ml in the MGUAA group were significantly lower than those (48.1±11.1) years and (16.1±4.3) ml in the OS group ( P<0.01) , while the mean operation time (99.1±19.5) min, the mean amount of drainage (221.4±67.9) ml and the postoperative drainage tube placement time (5.0±0.8) days were significantly higher than those of (70.6±17.8) min, (98.3±63.7) ml and (3.8±1.0) days in the MGUAA ( P<0.01) . There was no significant difference in the number of lymph nodes of CLND or the duration of hospital stay between the two groups ( P>0.05) . In terms of surgical complications, the transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, the postoperative hematoma, the postoperative infection, and the lymphatic leakage had no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05) . The MGUAA group had significant advantages in avoiding the postoperative dysphagia in front of neck, the postoperative pain of neck, and cosmetic satisfaction over the OS group [ (0.0% vs 28.6%) , (14.6% vs 71.4%) , (1.1±0.3) score vs (2.4±0.5) score ( P<0.01) ]. Whereas in axillary area pain on the surgical side, the MGUAA group was inferior to the OS group ( P<0.01) . Conclusion:The modified gasless unilateral axillary approach endoscopic thyroid surgery is a feasible, safe and cosmetically operation for PTMC (cT1N0M0, cI stage, 8th, 2017 AJCC) .

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of quercetin in retinal angiogenesis via in vitro and in vivo studies.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was used in in vitro study,and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) animal models were used in in vivo study.In the in vitro cell study,normal control group,VEGF-165 treatment group and VEGF-165 combined with quercetin treatment group were used.Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and Transwell were used to measure HUVECs cell viability,including proliferation and migration.OIR and CNV animal models were administrated through intraperitoneal injection of quercetin,and the non-perfusion area and CNV aera were evaluated.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of integrin α5 and integrin β3 expression.In the animal study,18 breastfeeding mice and 18 infant mice were randomly divided into normal control group,model control group and quercetin treatment group,6 for each group.The animal feeding and use was in accordance with the standards set by the ARVO,and the experiment was approved by the Ethic Committee for Experimental Animal of Fu Xing Hospital,Capital Medical University (2016-KY-0036).Results In the in vitro study,VEGF-165 (20 ng/ml) promoted the proliferation and migration of HUVECs,while quercetin (50 μmol/L) inhibited HUVECs proliferation and migration significantly,comparing to the VEGF-165 treatment group (proliferation:Fgroups =18.51,P =0.00;migration:F =85.74,P =0.00).In the in vivo studies,quercetin 20 mg/(kg·day) decreased the non-perfusion area and CNV area comparing to the untreated groups,with significant differences between them (t =6.02,P =0.00;t =5.79,P =0.00).Besides,quercetin down-regulated the expression of integrin α5 and integrin β3 significantly both in the in vitro and in vivo studies.Western blot test showed that integrin α5 and integrin β3 in VEGF-165+quercetin processing 24 hours group were significantly decreased than those in the VEGF-165 group,with significant differences between them (t =4.46,P＜0.05;t =5.18,P＜0.01).Compared with the VEGF-165 +quercetin 24 hours group,the integrin α5 and integrin β3 in VEGF-165 +quercetin processing 48 hours group were increased,but they were still significantly increased than those in the VEGF-165 group,with significant differences between them (t =6.54,P ＜ 0.05;t =7.17,P ＜ 0.01).For the animal studies,quercetin also inhibited the levels of integrin α5 and integrin β3 in OIR and CNV models (t =5.44,13.52;both at P=0.00).Conclusions Quercetin can inhibit the retinal and choroidal neovascularization through integrin pathway,which provides a new treatment strategy for clinical therapy.