Lung cancer constitutes the most prevalent and lethal malignant tumor in China. Approximately 85% of lung cancer diagnoses correspond to the non-small cell histological subtype [non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)]. Despite surgery being the mainstay for early-stage disease, postoperative recurrence remains high and adjuvant chemotherapy offers limited benefit. In recent years, targeted therapy has demonstrated substantial advantages in driver mutation-positive NSCLC. To this end, the Lung Cancer Medical Education Committee of the Chinese Medical Education Association developed guidelines based on a systematic review of evidence through November 2025, using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach and a modified Delphi method. Focusing on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and addressing ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) V600E mutation, and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) exon 14 (METex14) skipping, the guideline covers molecular testing, neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy, perioperative strategies, minimal residual disease monitoring, and postoperative surveillance. It defines testing requirements, specifies stage-directed and subtype-specific treatments, and standardizes minimal residual disease monitoring. These recommendations emphasize precision and feasibility to improve survival and quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus plantarum mouthwash on the progression of caries in isolated teeth.Methods Human isolated teeth were infected with Streptococcus mutans solution,and treated with saline,commercial mouth-wash,and Lactobacillus plantarum mouthwash,respectively,for 28 days.Tooth changes were recorded to assess their inhibitory effect on caries progression by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.Results Lactobacillus plantarum had an inhibitory effect on caries progression,with significant effects on deep dentinal caries in pit and fissure,and similar efficacy to commercial mouthwash on smooth surface caries.Calcium loss in dentin tubules was observed under an electron microscope,with Lactobacillus plantarum group less than commercial group and saline group.Conclusion Lactobacillus plantarum mouthwash can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans and effectively prevent caries,particularly in controlling the progression of deep pit and fissure caries.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of a baby smoothing and special caring cream in reducing the recurrence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infancy.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Children with moderate AD (with overall investigator's global assessment [IGA] scores of 3 - < 4) were enrolled from Shunyi Maternal and Children′s Hospital of Beijing Children′s Hospital from April 2021 to June 2024. During the induction period, all children were topically treated with 0.1% hydrocortisone butyrate cream twice daily on the lesional skin, as well as with a baby smoothing and special caring cream at least twice daily throughout the body; at the 2-week visit, patients with an IGA score of ≤ 1 point entered the maintenance phase, while those with an IGA score of > 1 point continued the treatment for another 2 weeks; at the 4-week visit, patients with an IGA score of ≤ 1 point entered the maintenance phase, while those still with an IGA score of > 1 point were withdrawn from the study, and received conventional treatment. Patients who entered the maintenance period were randomly divided into the test group and the control group in a 1∶1 ratio using a random number table. In the test group, the hydrocortisone butyrate cream was discontinued, while the baby smoothing and special caring cream was continued twice daily for 8 consecutive weeks; in the control group, both the hydrocortisone butyrate cream and the baby smoothing and special caring cream were discontinued. IGA and Scoring AD (SCORAD) scores were assessed by clinicians at weeks 4 and 8 in the maintenance phase, while the patient-oriented eczema measure (POEM) score was evaluated weekly by patients' parents. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Breslow test were used to compare recurrence rates in the two groups (the primary efficacy outcome), and a generalized estimating equation model was used to evaluate the changes in IGA, SCORAD, and POEM scores in the two groups (the secondary efficacy outcomes). Adverse reactions were monitored throughout the study to evaluate safety.Results:A total of 68 children with moderate AD aged from 3 months to 2 years were included. There were 38 females and 30 males, aged 11.72 ± 6.03 months. Fifty-two patients entered the maintenance phase; 2 were lost to follow-up, and 50 were included in the per-protocol set, with 28 in the test group and 22 in the control group. The recurrence rate during the maintenance phase was 7.14% (2/28) in the test group and 31.82% (7/22) in the control group, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( χ 2 = 5.08, P = 0.032). At weeks 4 and 8 in the maintenance phase, the IGA scores were significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (Wald χ 2 = 5.06, P = 0.024), whereas the SCORAD scores showed no significant differences between the two groups (Wald χ 2 = 2.92, P = 0.087). During weeks 1 - 8 in the maintenance phase, the POEM scores showed no significant differences between the two groups or over time (both P > 0.05), while the two groups showed different change trends in POEM scores over time (Wald χ 2interaction = 55.37, Pinteraction < 0.001). Throughout the entire study period, no adverse reactions were observed among all 68 subjects. Conclusion:With a high safety profile, the baby smoothing and special caring cream could reduce the recurrence rate during the maintenance phase, showing promise as an adjuvant therapy for the maintenance treatment of AD in infancy, and is worthy of clinical application.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of a baby smoothing and special caring cream in reducing the recurrence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infancy.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Children with moderate AD (with overall investigator's global assessment [IGA] scores of 3 - < 4) were enrolled from Shunyi Maternal and Children′s Hospital of Beijing Children′s Hospital from April 2021 to June 2024. During the induction period, all children were topically treated with 0.1% hydrocortisone butyrate cream twice daily on the lesional skin, as well as with a baby smoothing and special caring cream at least twice daily throughout the body; at the 2-week visit, patients with an IGA score of ≤ 1 point entered the maintenance phase, while those with an IGA score of > 1 point continued the treatment for another 2 weeks; at the 4-week visit, patients with an IGA score of ≤ 1 point entered the maintenance phase, while those still with an IGA score of > 1 point were withdrawn from the study, and received conventional treatment. Patients who entered the maintenance period were randomly divided into the test group and the control group in a 1∶1 ratio using a random number table. In the test group, the hydrocortisone butyrate cream was discontinued, while the baby smoothing and special caring cream was continued twice daily for 8 consecutive weeks; in the control group, both the hydrocortisone butyrate cream and the baby smoothing and special caring cream were discontinued. IGA and Scoring AD (SCORAD) scores were assessed by clinicians at weeks 4 and 8 in the maintenance phase, while the patient-oriented eczema measure (POEM) score was evaluated weekly by patients' parents. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Breslow test were used to compare recurrence rates in the two groups (the primary efficacy outcome), and a generalized estimating equation model was used to evaluate the changes in IGA, SCORAD, and POEM scores in the two groups (the secondary efficacy outcomes). Adverse reactions were monitored throughout the study to evaluate safety.Results:A total of 68 children with moderate AD aged from 3 months to 2 years were included. There were 38 females and 30 males, aged 11.72 ± 6.03 months. Fifty-two patients entered the maintenance phase; 2 were lost to follow-up, and 50 were included in the per-protocol set, with 28 in the test group and 22 in the control group. The recurrence rate during the maintenance phase was 7.14% (2/28) in the test group and 31.82% (7/22) in the control group, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( χ 2 = 5.08, P = 0.032). At weeks 4 and 8 in the maintenance phase, the IGA scores were significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (Wald χ 2 = 5.06, P = 0.024), whereas the SCORAD scores showed no significant differences between the two groups (Wald χ 2 = 2.92, P = 0.087). During weeks 1 - 8 in the maintenance phase, the POEM scores showed no significant differences between the two groups or over time (both P > 0.05), while the two groups showed different change trends in POEM scores over time (Wald χ 2interaction = 55.37, Pinteraction < 0.001). Throughout the entire study period, no adverse reactions were observed among all 68 subjects. Conclusion:With a high safety profile, the baby smoothing and special caring cream could reduce the recurrence rate during the maintenance phase, showing promise as an adjuvant therapy for the maintenance treatment of AD in infancy, and is worthy of clinical application.

Purpose: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) represents a particularly aggressive subtype of prostate cancer with a challenging prognosis. The purpose of this investigation is to craft and confirm the reliability of nomograms that can accurately forecast the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates for individuals afflicted with NEPC. Materials and Methods: Data pertaining to patients diagnosed with NEPC within the timeframe of 2010 to 2020 was meticulously gathered and examined from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER). To predict OS and CSS, we devised and authenticated two distinct nomograms, utilizing predictive variables pinpointed through both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results: The study encompassed 393 of NEPC patients, who were systematically divided into training and validation cohorts at a 2:1 ratio. Key prognostic factors were isolated, verified, and integrated into the respective nomograms for OS and CSS. The performance metrics, denoted by C-indices, stood at 0.730, 0.735 for the training set, and 0.784, 0.756 for the validation set. The precision and clinical relevance of the nomograms were further corroborated by the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analyses. Conclusions The constructed nomograms have demonstrated impressive efficacy in forecasting the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and rates for patients with NEPC. Implementing these predictive tools in clinical settings is anticipated to considerably enhance the care and treatment planning for individuals diagnosed with this aggressive form of prostate cancer, thus providing tailored and more precise prognostic assessments.

Purpose: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) represents a particularly aggressive subtype of prostate cancer with a challenging prognosis. The purpose of this investigation is to craft and confirm the reliability of nomograms that can accurately forecast the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates for individuals afflicted with NEPC. Materials and Methods: Data pertaining to patients diagnosed with NEPC within the timeframe of 2010 to 2020 was meticulously gathered and examined from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER). To predict OS and CSS, we devised and authenticated two distinct nomograms, utilizing predictive variables pinpointed through both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results: The study encompassed 393 of NEPC patients, who were systematically divided into training and validation cohorts at a 2:1 ratio. Key prognostic factors were isolated, verified, and integrated into the respective nomograms for OS and CSS. The performance metrics, denoted by C-indices, stood at 0.730, 0.735 for the training set, and 0.784, 0.756 for the validation set. The precision and clinical relevance of the nomograms were further corroborated by the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analyses. Conclusions The constructed nomograms have demonstrated impressive efficacy in forecasting the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and rates for patients with NEPC. Implementing these predictive tools in clinical settings is anticipated to considerably enhance the care and treatment planning for individuals diagnosed with this aggressive form of prostate cancer, thus providing tailored and more precise prognostic assessments.

Background: and Purpose Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute posterior circulation tandem lesion (PCTL). This study aimed to explore the role of extracranial vertebral artery (VA) stenting in patients with PCTL stroke undergoing EVT. Methods: Individual patient data were pooled from the BASILAR (EVT for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) and PERSIST (Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke) registries. Patients with PCTLs who underwent EVT were included in the present cohort and divided into the stenting and nonstenting groups based on the placement of extracranial VA stents. The primary efficacy outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days and 1 year. Safety outcomes included 24-hour symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and all-cause mortality at 90 days and 1 year post-surgery. Results: A combined dataset of 1,320 patients with posterior circulation artery occlusion, including 263 (19.9%) with tandem lesions, of whom 217 (median age, 65 years; 82.9% male) met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The stenting group had 84 (38.7%) patients, while the non-stenting group had 133 (61.3%). After adjustment for the potential confounders, extracranial VA stenting was associated with favorable shifts in mRS scores at both 90 days (adjusted common odds ratio [OR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–4.28; P<0.01) and 1 year (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.04; 95% CI [1.05–3.97]; P=0.04), along with lower rate of mortality at both 90 days (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI [0.21–0.93]; P=0.01) and 1 year (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI [0.16–0.79]; P=0.01), with no significant difference in sICH incidence (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI [0.06–1.98]; P=0.24). Conclusion Extracranial VA stenting during EVT may improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality in patients with PCTL strokes.

Purpose: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) represents a particularly aggressive subtype of prostate cancer with a challenging prognosis. The purpose of this investigation is to craft and confirm the reliability of nomograms that can accurately forecast the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates for individuals afflicted with NEPC. Materials and Methods: Data pertaining to patients diagnosed with NEPC within the timeframe of 2010 to 2020 was meticulously gathered and examined from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER). To predict OS and CSS, we devised and authenticated two distinct nomograms, utilizing predictive variables pinpointed through both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results: The study encompassed 393 of NEPC patients, who were systematically divided into training and validation cohorts at a 2:1 ratio. Key prognostic factors were isolated, verified, and integrated into the respective nomograms for OS and CSS. The performance metrics, denoted by C-indices, stood at 0.730, 0.735 for the training set, and 0.784, 0.756 for the validation set. The precision and clinical relevance of the nomograms were further corroborated by the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analyses. Conclusions The constructed nomograms have demonstrated impressive efficacy in forecasting the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and rates for patients with NEPC. Implementing these predictive tools in clinical settings is anticipated to considerably enhance the care and treatment planning for individuals diagnosed with this aggressive form of prostate cancer, thus providing tailored and more precise prognostic assessments.

Background: and Purpose Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute posterior circulation tandem lesion (PCTL). This study aimed to explore the role of extracranial vertebral artery (VA) stenting in patients with PCTL stroke undergoing EVT. Methods: Individual patient data were pooled from the BASILAR (EVT for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) and PERSIST (Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke) registries. Patients with PCTLs who underwent EVT were included in the present cohort and divided into the stenting and nonstenting groups based on the placement of extracranial VA stents. The primary efficacy outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days and 1 year. Safety outcomes included 24-hour symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and all-cause mortality at 90 days and 1 year post-surgery. Results: A combined dataset of 1,320 patients with posterior circulation artery occlusion, including 263 (19.9%) with tandem lesions, of whom 217 (median age, 65 years; 82.9% male) met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The stenting group had 84 (38.7%) patients, while the non-stenting group had 133 (61.3%). After adjustment for the potential confounders, extracranial VA stenting was associated with favorable shifts in mRS scores at both 90 days (adjusted common odds ratio [OR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–4.28; P<0.01) and 1 year (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.04; 95% CI [1.05–3.97]; P=0.04), along with lower rate of mortality at both 90 days (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI [0.21–0.93]; P=0.01) and 1 year (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI [0.16–0.79]; P=0.01), with no significant difference in sICH incidence (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI [0.06–1.98]; P=0.24). Conclusion Extracranial VA stenting during EVT may improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality in patients with PCTL strokes.

Objective To quantify the association between obesity and erectile dysfunction (ED) risk through a meta-analysis. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, systematic searches of Chinese and English databases (up to March 2025) were conducted to include observational studies (cohort, cross-sectional, case-control). Adjusted effect sizes (OR and 95% CI) were extracted. Study quality was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ) scale, and a random-effects model was applied to pool effect sizes. Subgroup analyses (geographic region, obesity definitions) and sensitivity analyses were performed to validate robustness. Results Ten studies (n=230 744), including nine cross-sectional studies, were included. The meta-analysis revealed that obesity significantly increased ED risk (random-effects OR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.29-2.51), with high heterogeneity (I2=99.9%). Subgroup analyses indicated stronger associations in USA populations (OR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.23-3.60) than in Chinese populations (OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.05-1.28). The highest effect size was observed when using BMI≥25 kg/m3 as the obesity threshold (OR=3.05, 95% CI: 2.06-4.51). Sensitivity analyses confirmed robust results (OR: 1.60-1.94 after excluding any single study). Conclusions Obesity is a critical risk factor for ED, with effect strength influenced by geographic region and obesity definitions. Interventions targeting BMI≥30 kg/m2 in Western populations and metabolic risks at BMI≥25 kg/m3 in Asian populations are recommended.