Objective:To investigate the causal impact of maternal smoking around birth(MSAB)on off-spring's risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),autism spectrum disorder(ASD),bipolar disorder(BD),and major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods:The datasets for MSAB and 4 psychiatric disorders were extracted from genome-wide association studies(GWAS).Mendelian randomization(MR)was employed,using in-verse variance weighting(IVW)as the primary analysis method.Sensitivity analyses and outlier correction were conducted using weighted median(WM),MR-Egger regression,and MR-PRESSO.The results were expressed as odds ratios(OR)and corrected for false discovery rate(FDR).Results:MR analysis showed significant causal re-lationships between MSAB and increased risk of ADHD(OR=5.36,95％CI=2.58-7.63,PFDR=0.003),MDD(OR=1.92,95％CI=1.29-2.88,PFDR=0.003),and BD(OR=6.33,95％CI=1.56-8.73,PFDR=0.013).However,no statistically significant association was found between MSAB and ASD(OR=1.66,95％CI=0.23-5.87,PFDR=0.616).Conclusion:This study suggests a potential causal link between maternal smoking around the time of birth and an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,bipolar disorder,and major depressive disorder in offspring.

Objective:To investigate the causal impact of maternal smoking around birth(MSAB)on off-spring's risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),autism spectrum disorder(ASD),bipolar disorder(BD),and major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods:The datasets for MSAB and 4 psychiatric disorders were extracted from genome-wide association studies(GWAS).Mendelian randomization(MR)was employed,using in-verse variance weighting(IVW)as the primary analysis method.Sensitivity analyses and outlier correction were conducted using weighted median(WM),MR-Egger regression,and MR-PRESSO.The results were expressed as odds ratios(OR)and corrected for false discovery rate(FDR).Results:MR analysis showed significant causal re-lationships between MSAB and increased risk of ADHD(OR=5.36,95％CI=2.58-7.63,PFDR=0.003),MDD(OR=1.92,95％CI=1.29-2.88,PFDR=0.003),and BD(OR=6.33,95％CI=1.56-8.73,PFDR=0.013).However,no statistically significant association was found between MSAB and ASD(OR=1.66,95％CI=0.23-5.87,PFDR=0.616).Conclusion:This study suggests a potential causal link between maternal smoking around the time of birth and an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,bipolar disorder,and major depressive disorder in offspring.

Objective:To investigate the effect and influencing factors of non-invasive correction of infants with congenital auricular deformity.Methods:The data of infants with congenital auricular deformity were retrospectively analyzed, who were treated with domestic external ear orthosis in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Tianjin Hospital from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2023. Before treatment, the skin was prepared routinely. First, the orthosis base was installed and pressed to fit the skin around the ear. Then, according to the type of auricle deformity, the ear hook and ear cover were installed, and the adhesive tape was fixed. During the corrective treatment, the orthosis was worn all day, and the treatment was ended if there was no obvious rebound after 1 month of observation. The complications were closely observed during treatment. After the treatment, the treatment effect was evaluated and divided into markedly effective, effective and ineffective. The markedly effective rate (markedly effective ears/total ears × 100%) and effective rate [(markedly effective ears + effective ears)/ total ears × 100%] were calculated. At the same time, the cure time of the markedly effective children was recorded, and they were grouped according to different types of auricle deformities and the initial age of correction (<2, 2-6, >6 weeks groups), and the related indicators were compared. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The measurement data were expressed by Mean±SD. The comparison between multiple groups was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The pairwise comparison between groups was performed by LSD method. The counting data was expressed by frequency (% or ratio). The comparison between multiple groups was performed by χ 2 test, and the pairwise comparison between groups was performed by Fisher test with adjusted α value. Results:A total of 31 cases (55 ears) were included, including 13 males (23 ears) and 18 females (32 ears), aged 4 to 127 d. There were 13 lop ears, 6 constricted ears, 6 cup ears, 4 Stahl’s ears, 5 prominent ears, 18 helical rim deformity ears, 2 conchal crus ears and 1 Ⅱ degree microtia ear. During the treatment, 5 ears had skin lesions, 5 ears had mild allergic reactions, and 2 ears had severe allergic reactions, who improved significantly and continued treatment after removal of the external orthosis and use of erythromycin ointment. After noninvasive correction treatment, the auricle deformity of the children was improved to different extent. The overall markedly effective rate was 70.91% (39/55), and the overall effective rate was 90.91% (50/55). The markedly effective rate of lop ear, constricted ear, cup ear, Stahl’s ear, prominent ear, helical rim deformity ear, conchal ear and Ⅱ degree microtia ear were 13/13, 4/6, 4/6, 4/4, 4/5, 8/18, 2/2, 0/1 respectively. The average cure time of 39 markedly effective ears was (36.08±14.77) d. The cure time of different auricle deformity types was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Pairwise comparison between the groups showed that the cure time of lop ears was shorter than constricted ears, cup ears, Stahl’s ear, prominent ears, and that the cure time of prominent ears was longer than lop ears, constricted ears, cup ears, Stahl’s ears, helical rim deformity ears, conchal crus ears (all P<0.05). According to different initial ages of correction, the children were divided into <2-week-old group (12 cases, 21 ears), 2-6-week-old group (10 cases, 18 ears), and >6-week-old group (9 cases, 15 ears), excluding 1 Ⅱ degree microtia ear. The markedly effective rates were (90.5%) 19/21, 13/18, and 7/15, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The comparison between groups showed that the markedly effective rate of <2-week-old group was significantly higher than that of >6-week-old group ( P<0.017), but there was no statistically significant difference in the cure time among the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The effect of non-invasive correction for congenital auricular deformity in infants is significant. The type of congenital auricular deformity is a key factor that affects the therapeutic effect and cure time. In lop ear, Stahl’s ear, prominent ear and conchal crus deformity, good therapeutic effects can be seen, but in constricted ear, cup ear, helical rim deformity ear and Ⅱ degree microtia, the effects are poor. The cure time of lop ear is short, while the cure time of prominent ear is long. The better effect can be acquired in the earlier non-invasive correction.

Objective:To investigate the effect and influencing factors of non-invasive correction of infants with congenital auricular deformity.Methods:The data of infants with congenital auricular deformity were retrospectively analyzed, who were treated with domestic external ear orthosis in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Tianjin Hospital from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2023. Before treatment, the skin was prepared routinely. First, the orthosis base was installed and pressed to fit the skin around the ear. Then, according to the type of auricle deformity, the ear hook and ear cover were installed, and the adhesive tape was fixed. During the corrective treatment, the orthosis was worn all day, and the treatment was ended if there was no obvious rebound after 1 month of observation. The complications were closely observed during treatment. After the treatment, the treatment effect was evaluated and divided into markedly effective, effective and ineffective. The markedly effective rate (markedly effective ears/total ears × 100%) and effective rate [(markedly effective ears + effective ears)/ total ears × 100%] were calculated. At the same time, the cure time of the markedly effective children was recorded, and they were grouped according to different types of auricle deformities and the initial age of correction (<2, 2-6, >6 weeks groups), and the related indicators were compared. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The measurement data were expressed by Mean±SD. The comparison between multiple groups was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The pairwise comparison between groups was performed by LSD method. The counting data was expressed by frequency (% or ratio). The comparison between multiple groups was performed by χ 2 test, and the pairwise comparison between groups was performed by Fisher test with adjusted α value. Results:A total of 31 cases (55 ears) were included, including 13 males (23 ears) and 18 females (32 ears), aged 4 to 127 d. There were 13 lop ears, 6 constricted ears, 6 cup ears, 4 Stahl’s ears, 5 prominent ears, 18 helical rim deformity ears, 2 conchal crus ears and 1 Ⅱ degree microtia ear. During the treatment, 5 ears had skin lesions, 5 ears had mild allergic reactions, and 2 ears had severe allergic reactions, who improved significantly and continued treatment after removal of the external orthosis and use of erythromycin ointment. After noninvasive correction treatment, the auricle deformity of the children was improved to different extent. The overall markedly effective rate was 70.91% (39/55), and the overall effective rate was 90.91% (50/55). The markedly effective rate of lop ear, constricted ear, cup ear, Stahl’s ear, prominent ear, helical rim deformity ear, conchal ear and Ⅱ degree microtia ear were 13/13, 4/6, 4/6, 4/4, 4/5, 8/18, 2/2, 0/1 respectively. The average cure time of 39 markedly effective ears was (36.08±14.77) d. The cure time of different auricle deformity types was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Pairwise comparison between the groups showed that the cure time of lop ears was shorter than constricted ears, cup ears, Stahl’s ear, prominent ears, and that the cure time of prominent ears was longer than lop ears, constricted ears, cup ears, Stahl’s ears, helical rim deformity ears, conchal crus ears (all P<0.05). According to different initial ages of correction, the children were divided into <2-week-old group (12 cases, 21 ears), 2-6-week-old group (10 cases, 18 ears), and >6-week-old group (9 cases, 15 ears), excluding 1 Ⅱ degree microtia ear. The markedly effective rates were (90.5%) 19/21, 13/18, and 7/15, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The comparison between groups showed that the markedly effective rate of <2-week-old group was significantly higher than that of >6-week-old group ( P<0.017), but there was no statistically significant difference in the cure time among the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The effect of non-invasive correction for congenital auricular deformity in infants is significant. The type of congenital auricular deformity is a key factor that affects the therapeutic effect and cure time. In lop ear, Stahl’s ear, prominent ear and conchal crus deformity, good therapeutic effects can be seen, but in constricted ear, cup ear, helical rim deformity ear and Ⅱ degree microtia, the effects are poor. The cure time of lop ear is short, while the cure time of prominent ear is long. The better effect can be acquired in the earlier non-invasive correction.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia (AIH).Methods:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of aripiprazole in treating AIH were collected by searching relevant databases at home and abroad (up to November 29, 2020). Patients in the trial group was treated with aripiprazole on the base antipsychotic drugs, and those in the control group was treated with or without additional placebo. Outcome indicators included serum prolactin normalization rate, serum prolactin level, and the incidence of major adverse events. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. The effect size of counting data was risk ratio ( RR) and its 95% confidence interval ( CI), and the effect size of measurement data was standardized mean difference ( SMD) and its 95 %CI. Results:A total of 23 RCTs were entered in the analysis, including 1 530 patients, 816 patients in the trial group and 714 patients in the control group. The meta-analysis results showed that the normalization rate of serum prolactin in the trial group was higher than that in the control group at the end of the treatment course (4-24 weeks) [73.5% (150/204) vs. 4.1% (8/194), RR=16.58, 95 %CI: 8.61-31.93, P<0.001]. According to the dose of aripiprazole, the patients were divided into 5 mg/d and 10 mg/d subgroups. The analysis results showed that the serum prolactin levels in patients in the 2 trial subgroups were lower than those in their corresponding control groups at the end of the treatment, and the differences were statistically significant [ SMD= -1.25, 95 %CI: -1.66- -0.84, P<0.001; SMD=1.93, 95 %CI: -2.38- -1.48, P<0.001]. There were no significant differences in the incidence of overall adverse events, extrapyramidal reactions, insomnia, somnolence, and weight gain in patients between the trial and control groups during the trial [26.5% (103/388) vs. 24.1% (94/390), RR=1.10, 95 %CI: 0.90-1.36, P=0.35; 26.0% (53/204) vs. 34.0% (70/206), RR=0.77, 95 %CI: 0.58-1.02, P=0.06; 8.4% (31/368) vs. 9.9% (37/372), RR=0.86, 95 %CI: 0.56-1.33, P=0.50; 5.6% (19/340) vs. 4.7% (16/342), RR=1.16, 95 %CI: 0.64-2.12, P=0.63; 0 vs. 7.9% (7/89), RR=0.18, 95 %CI: 0.03-0.99), P=0.05]. Conclusion:Aripiprazole is safe and effective in the treatment of AIH, but the long-term efficacy and safety need to be explored.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia (AIH).Methods:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of aripiprazole in treating AIH were collected by searching relevant databases at home and abroad (up to November 29, 2020). Patients in the trial group was treated with aripiprazole on the base antipsychotic drugs, and those in the control group was treated with or without additional placebo. Outcome indicators included serum prolactin normalization rate, serum prolactin level, and the incidence of major adverse events. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. The effect size of counting data was risk ratio ( RR) and its 95% confidence interval ( CI), and the effect size of measurement data was standardized mean difference ( SMD) and its 95 %CI. Results:A total of 23 RCTs were entered in the analysis, including 1 530 patients, 816 patients in the trial group and 714 patients in the control group. The meta-analysis results showed that the normalization rate of serum prolactin in the trial group was higher than that in the control group at the end of the treatment course (4-24 weeks) [73.5% (150/204) vs. 4.1% (8/194), RR=16.58, 95 %CI: 8.61-31.93, P<0.001]. According to the dose of aripiprazole, the patients were divided into 5 mg/d and 10 mg/d subgroups. The analysis results showed that the serum prolactin levels in patients in the 2 trial subgroups were lower than those in their corresponding control groups at the end of the treatment, and the differences were statistically significant [ SMD= -1.25, 95 %CI: -1.66- -0.84, P<0.001; SMD=1.93, 95 %CI: -2.38- -1.48, P<0.001]. There were no significant differences in the incidence of overall adverse events, extrapyramidal reactions, insomnia, somnolence, and weight gain in patients between the trial and control groups during the trial [26.5% (103/388) vs. 24.1% (94/390), RR=1.10, 95 %CI: 0.90-1.36, P=0.35; 26.0% (53/204) vs. 34.0% (70/206), RR=0.77, 95 %CI: 0.58-1.02, P=0.06; 8.4% (31/368) vs. 9.9% (37/372), RR=0.86, 95 %CI: 0.56-1.33, P=0.50; 5.6% (19/340) vs. 4.7% (16/342), RR=1.16, 95 %CI: 0.64-2.12, P=0.63; 0 vs. 7.9% (7/89), RR=0.18, 95 %CI: 0.03-0.99), P=0.05]. Conclusion:Aripiprazole is safe and effective in the treatment of AIH, but the long-term efficacy and safety need to be explored.

Development of thoracolumbar vertebra (TLV) and rib primordium (RP) is a common evolutionary feature across vertebrates, although whole-organism analysis of the expression dynamics of TLV- and RP-related genes has been lacking. Here, we investigated the single-cell transcriptome landscape of thoracic vertebra (TV), lumbar vertebra (LV), and RP cells from a pig embryo at 27 days post-fertilization (dpf) and identified six cell types with distinct gene expression signatures. In-depth dissection of the gene expression dynamics and RNA velocity revealed a coupled process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis during TLV and RP development. Further analysis of cell type-specific and strand-specific expression uncovered the extremely high level of HOXA10 3'-UTR sequence specific to osteoblasts of LV cells, which may function as anti-HOXA10-antisense by counteracting the HOXA10-antisense effect to determine TLV transition. Thus, this work provides a valuable resource for understanding embryonic osteogenesis and angiogenesis underlying vertebrate TLV and RP development at the cell type-specific resolution, which serves as a comprehensive view on the transcriptional profile of animal embryo development.

Objective To assess quality of life in elderly in Shanghai communities and to analyze relevant influence factors.Methods The quality of life and relevant influence factors of 4 395 residents aged 60 years or older who were registered in the health records of three community healthcare centers in Shanghai were investigated through questionnaire survey.Results Total 4 350 valid questionnaire were retrieved with a response rate of 99.0％.The mean physical component summary scale (PCS) score was (50.1± 10.1) and the mean mental component summary scale (MCS) score was (47.3±7.9).Factors influencing the quality of life in order of importance were depressive symptom(B=-8.41),self-care ability(B=7.45),disease score(B=-1.91),participating in outdoor activities(B=1.89),proportion of medical expenses over income(B=-1.72),social intercourse score(B=-1.48),gender(B=-1.37),education level(B=-1.03) and age(B=-0.93).Conclusion The quality of life in elderly residents of Shanghai is relatively high,but the mental components of quality of life need to be further improved.

The author found a lot application of traditional Chinese kernel medicine in hairdressing formulae from book of Waitai Miyao Fang, and thus made an exploration on it.