Objective:To analyze the echocardiographic and genetic characteristics of fetuses with common arterial trunk（CAT）.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 77 480 fetal echocardiograms examined at the Maternal-Fetal Medicine center in Fetal Heart Disease of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from November 2010 to November 2024.Among them，106 fetuses were initially diagnosed with CAT，and 95 cases were ultimately confirmed（0.1%，95/77 480）. The echocardiographic and genetic features of CAT fetuses were analyzed. According to the modified Van Praagh classification，CAT was divided into types A1-A4［with ventricular septal defect（VSD）］and B1-B4（without VSD）based on the origin of the pulmonary artery branches and the presence or absence of a VSD. Additionally，CAT was categorized into isolated and complex types based on the presence of associated intracardiac or extracardiac anomalies.Results:① Among the 95 confirmed CAT fetuses，type A accounted for 90.5%（86/95），and type B accounted for 9.5%（9/95）. All 9 type B CAT fetuses exhibited no overriding of the arterial trunk ， with 8 cases showing left ventricular hypoplasia accompanied by mitral atresia or absence.② Of the 95 CAT fetuses，14 were isolated（14.7%，14/95） ， and 81 were complex（85.3%，81/95）.The main associated intracardiac anomalies included：single ventricle（22 cases），complete atrioventricular septal defect（12 cases），anomalous pulmonary venous drainage（10 cases），right aortic arch with mirror-image branching（16 cases），and persistent left superior vena cava（14 cases）. ③ Genetic testing was performed in 31 fetuses，with 18 showing positive results，primarily 22q11.21 deletion syndrome（29.0%，9/31）. Conclusions:Apart from VSD，the most common intracardiac anomaly associated with CAT fetuses is single ventricle. Type B CAT without trunk overriding is often associated with left ventricular hypoplasia and mitral atresia or absence. The most frequent genetic abnormality in CAT fetuses is 22q11.21 deletion syndrome. Prenatal echocardiography should clarify the CAT subtype and associated anomalies，and genetic testing is strongly recommended for perinatal counseling and prognostic evaluation.

Objective:To analyze the echocardiographic and genetic characteristics of fetuses with common arterial trunk（CAT）.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 77 480 fetal echocardiograms examined at the Maternal-Fetal Medicine center in Fetal Heart Disease of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from November 2010 to November 2024.Among them，106 fetuses were initially diagnosed with CAT，and 95 cases were ultimately confirmed（0.1%，95/77 480）. The echocardiographic and genetic features of CAT fetuses were analyzed. According to the modified Van Praagh classification，CAT was divided into types A1-A4［with ventricular septal defect（VSD）］and B1-B4（without VSD）based on the origin of the pulmonary artery branches and the presence or absence of a VSD. Additionally，CAT was categorized into isolated and complex types based on the presence of associated intracardiac or extracardiac anomalies.Results:① Among the 95 confirmed CAT fetuses，type A accounted for 90.5%（86/95），and type B accounted for 9.5%（9/95）. All 9 type B CAT fetuses exhibited no overriding of the arterial trunk ， with 8 cases showing left ventricular hypoplasia accompanied by mitral atresia or absence.② Of the 95 CAT fetuses，14 were isolated（14.7%，14/95） ， and 81 were complex（85.3%，81/95）.The main associated intracardiac anomalies included：single ventricle（22 cases），complete atrioventricular septal defect（12 cases），anomalous pulmonary venous drainage（10 cases），right aortic arch with mirror-image branching（16 cases），and persistent left superior vena cava（14 cases）. ③ Genetic testing was performed in 31 fetuses，with 18 showing positive results，primarily 22q11.21 deletion syndrome（29.0%，9/31）. Conclusions:Apart from VSD，the most common intracardiac anomaly associated with CAT fetuses is single ventricle. Type B CAT without trunk overriding is often associated with left ventricular hypoplasia and mitral atresia or absence. The most frequent genetic abnormality in CAT fetuses is 22q11.21 deletion syndrome. Prenatal echocardiography should clarify the CAT subtype and associated anomalies，and genetic testing is strongly recommended for perinatal counseling and prognostic evaluation.

Objective To investigate the effects of Huayu Xiaopi Decoction on the proliferation and migration of AGS cells;To explore its mechanism in treating precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.Methods AGS cells were divided into blank group,inhibitor group and Huayu Xiaopi Decoction high-,medium-and low-dosage groups.The blank group was cultured with 15%control serum,the inhibitor group was cultured with 10 μmol/L HIF-1α inhibitor,and the Huayu Xiaopi Decoction high-,medium-and low-dosage groups were cultured with 12%,6%and 3%drug containing serum,respectively.CCK-8 method was used to detect cell survival rate,cell migration ability was detected by scratch test,immunofluorescence was used to detect the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in AGS cells,the expressions of HIF-1α,COX-2,VEGF,VEGFR2,MMP-2,MMP-9 mRNA and HIF-1α,COX-2,VEGF,VEGFR2 proteins in AGS cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results Compared with the blank group,the cell survival rate and migration rate were significantly decreased in the inhibitor group and each dosage of Huayu Xiaopi Decoction groups(P<0.05),the expressions of PCNA,MMP-2 and MMP-9 significantly decreased in the inhibitor group and Huayu Xiaopi Decoction high-and medium-dosage groups(P<0.05),the mRNA expressions of HIF-1α,COX-2,VEGF,VEGFR2,MMP-2,MMP-9 and the protein expression of HIF-1α,COX-2,VEGF,VEGFR2 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Huayu Xiaopi Decoction can inhibit the proliferation and migration of AGS cells,and its mechanism is related to the regulation of the expression of key molecules in HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of Huayu Xiaopi Decoction on the proliferation and migration of AGS cells;To explore its mechanism in treating precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.Methods AGS cells were divided into blank group,inhibitor group and Huayu Xiaopi Decoction high-,medium-and low-dosage groups.The blank group was cultured with 15%control serum,the inhibitor group was cultured with 10 μmol/L HIF-1α inhibitor,and the Huayu Xiaopi Decoction high-,medium-and low-dosage groups were cultured with 12%,6%and 3%drug containing serum,respectively.CCK-8 method was used to detect cell survival rate,cell migration ability was detected by scratch test,immunofluorescence was used to detect the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in AGS cells,the expressions of HIF-1α,COX-2,VEGF,VEGFR2,MMP-2,MMP-9 mRNA and HIF-1α,COX-2,VEGF,VEGFR2 proteins in AGS cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results Compared with the blank group,the cell survival rate and migration rate were significantly decreased in the inhibitor group and each dosage of Huayu Xiaopi Decoction groups(P<0.05),the expressions of PCNA,MMP-2 and MMP-9 significantly decreased in the inhibitor group and Huayu Xiaopi Decoction high-and medium-dosage groups(P<0.05),the mRNA expressions of HIF-1α,COX-2,VEGF,VEGFR2,MMP-2,MMP-9 and the protein expression of HIF-1α,COX-2,VEGF,VEGFR2 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Huayu Xiaopi Decoction can inhibit the proliferation and migration of AGS cells,and its mechanism is related to the regulation of the expression of key molecules in HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Nanocomposite hydrogel has great research prospects and application potential in the treatment of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of nanocomposite hydrogel in osteoarthritis and cartilage repair. METHODS:Databases such as CNKI and PubMed were searched.The English key words were"nanocomposite hydrogel,nanogel,osteoarthritis,cartage,physical encapsulation,electrostatic interaction,covalent crosslinking",and the Chinese key words were"nanocomposite hydrogel,nanogel,osteoarthritis,cartage,physical encapsulation,physical encapsulation,electrostatic effect,covalent cross-linking".After an initial screening of all articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,71 articles with high correlation were retained for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In cell or animal experiments,nanocomposite hydrogel has the effect of improving osteoarthritis.Nanocomposite hydrogel can promote cartilage repair,improve the internal environment of osteoarthritis,and achieve the therapeutic purpose of osteoarthritis by improving the mechanical environment between joints,carrying targeted drugs,and promoting the chondrogenesis of seed cells.At present,the research of nanocomposite hydrogel in osteoarthritis disease still has a huge space to play.It is expected to open up a new way for the clinical treatment of osteoarthritis by continuing to deepen the research of material preparation and actively carrying out cell and animal experiments.

Objective To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block(SGB)on intraoperative fentanyl dosage in the patients undergoing open thyroidectomy.Methods A total of 70 patients with elective open thyroidectomy under general anesthesia in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from November 2021 to April 2022 were selected as the study subjects and divided into the SGB group(group S,n=35)and the control group(group C,n=33).The group S conducted ultrasound-guided SGB at 15 min before anesthetic induction(injection of 0.25％marcaine 6-8 mL),and group C conducted the stellate ganglion recognition under the ultrasound guidance in 15 min before anesthetic induction without conducting other operations.All patients all received the anesthesia induction and maintenance under the same BIS moni-toring.The fentanyl dosage,recovery time,anesthetic drugs dosage,fluid infusion amounts,bleeding volume,use rate of atropine and ephedrine,operation time and postoperative complications as well as the VAS scores in PACU 30 min,at postoperative 3,6,12,24 h were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the intraopera-tive amount of fentanyl in group S was significantly decreased[(247.9±65.4)μg vs.(295.7±61.5)μg,P=0.003].The propofol dosage,cisatracurium dosage,fluid infusion amounts,bleeding amounts,use rate of atro-pine and ephedrine,recovery time and incidence rate of complications had no statistical differences between the two groups(P＞0.05).The VAS scores at various time points in group S all were lower than those in group C(P＜0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided SGB could reduce the fentanyl use amounts during operation in the patients with open thyroidectomy.

Due to the insufficient long-term protection and significant efficacy reduction to new variants of current COVID-19 vaccines, the epidemic prevention and control are still challenging. Here, we employ a capsid and antigen structure engineering (CASE) strategy to manufacture an adeno-associated viral serotype 6-based vaccine (S663V-RBD), which expresses trimeric receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike protein fused with a biological adjuvant RS09. Impressively, the engineered S663V-RBD could rapidly induce a satisfactory RBD-specific IgG titer within 2 weeks and maintain the titer for more than 4 months. Compared to the licensed BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm, China), a single-dose S663V-RBD induced more endurable and robust immune responses in mice and elicited superior neutralizing antibodies against three typical SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses including wild type, C.37 (Lambda) and B.1.617.2 (Delta). More interestingly, the intramuscular injection of S663V-RBD could overcome pre-existing immunity against the capsid. Given its effectiveness, the CASE-based S663V-RBD may provide a new solution for the current and next pandemic.

Objective According investigate the expression of NLRP3 in liver tissues of mice with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI),to determin the role of NLRP3 in the process of HIRI.Methods Established mice model of partial HIRI.Forty-two male C57BL/6 mice (aged 7 to 8 weeks,weight 20 to 25 g) were respectively divided into 7 groups:no-treatment control group,sham operation group,HIRI groups (2、6、12、24 h) and CY-09 group,6 mice in each group.The injury of the hepatic tissues in the 7 groups was analyzed based on detecting the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),interleukin-1β (IL-1β),interleukin-18 (IL-18),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by ELISA.HE and TUNEL staining were used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissues after HIRI.Western blotting assay were carried out to detect the expressions of NLRP3 and Caspase-1.Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (Mean ± SD),and one-way variance analysis was used for comparison between groups.If the variance was not uniform,Dunnett C test was used.Results Serum ALT,AST,IL-1 β,IL-18 and TNF-α of mice detected in HIRI groups were higher than no-treatment control group and sham operation group at all endpoints (P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in the liver tissues of mice in the HIRI groups were significantly higher than that in the no-treatment control group and sham operation group.Serum ALT,AST,IL-1β,IL-18 and TNF-α of mice detected in CY-09 group were lower than HIRI groups at all endpoints (P ＜ 0.05).Less hepatocellular necrosis were exhibited in CY-09 group,comparing to HIRI groups.The hepatocyte apoptosis rate of mice in the CY-09 group was significantly lower than that in the 12 h HIRI group (P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of NLRP3 in the liver tissues of mice in the CY-09 group was significantly lower than that in other groups.The relative expression of Caspase-1 in the liver tissues of mice in the CY-09 group was significantly lower than that in other groups except the no-treatment control group and sham operation group.Conclusions HIRI cause an increase in NLRP3 expression.The inhibition of NLRP3 can reduce HIRI.

Objective To analyze the echocardiographic findings , associated anomalies and chromosomal characteristics in fetuses with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect ( PA/VSD ) . Methods T he echocardiographic data and follow‐up materials were retrospectively reviewed in 30 256 fetuses from December 2012 to M arch 2018 in the consultation center of fetal heart disease in maternal‐fetal medicine in Anzhen hospital . Of all the fetuses ,59 cases ( 0 .19% ) had PA/VSD . T he echocardiographic findings ,associated anomalies and chromosomal characteristics were retrospectively analyzed in all the 59 fetuses with PA/VSD . Based on w hether the presence of the native pulmonary arteries and the major aortopulmonary collateral arteries ( M APCAs) or not ,the PA‐VSD was classified into type A ,type B ,and type C . Results A large ventricular defect was demonstrated in five‐chamber view with 61 .7% of the mean ratio of the aortic overriding . O ther fetal echocardiographic features of all the 59 fetuses with PA/VSD included :the right aortic arch ( n ＝19 ) ,reversal flow in the ductus arteriosus ( n ＝40 ) ,M APCAs ( n ＝24) . T he classification of the PA/VSD included :type A ( n ＝35) ,type B ( n ＝5) and type C ( n ＝19) . Associated anomalies :persistent left superior vena cava ( n ＝ 13 ) ,anomalous pulmonary vein connection ( n＝5 ) ,complete atrioventricular septal defect ( n ＝ 5 ) ; single umbilical artery ( n ＝ 3 ) ,right atrial isomerism ( n ＝3) . Of all the 30 cases performed chromosomal test ,3 cases had aneuploidy and 7 cases had microdeletion of chromosome . Conclusions The fetal echocardiographic findings of the PA/VSD are characteristic . For prenatal diagnosis of PA/VSD ,the type of PA/VSD should be defined and chromosomal test should be performed ,w hich can be helpful for prenatal consulting .

Objective To explore the genetic mutation spectrum of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and analysis the correlation of genotype phenotype.Methods Collect peripheral venous blood of the 51 cases unrelated HCM patients(35 male and 16 female) in the Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University from 2013 to 2016.Sequence whole exons of human and analysis seven major mutations of HCM including:MYBPC3、MYH7 、TNNT2、TNNI3 、MYL2 、TPM1 and ACTC1.Then compare the results with clinical characteristics.Results 24 patients(47.1％) had 22 kinds of pathogenicity or possibly pathogenicity mutations.The 90.9％ (20/22) of mutations only occurred one time,except MYH7 gene's 663 amino acid and the TNND gene's 157 amino acid which had twice.The mutations of MYBPC3,MYH7,TNNT2,TNNI3,MYL2,TPM1 and ACTC1 accounted for 45.8％ (11/24),20.8％ (5/24),12.5％ (3/24),8.3％ (2/24),8.3％ (2/24),4.2％ (1/24),and 0 respectively.No amphimutation had been found that causes illness or possibly.Through the comparison of clinical features between Genotype positive(24 cases) and negative(27 cases) patients:the incidence of syncope(19.6％ vs.7.8％,P ＜ 0.05),the largest left ventricular wall thickness[(22.8 ± 2.6) mm vs.(20.0 ± 3.4) mm,P ＜ 0.05],family history of HCM(20.8％ vs.0,P ＜0.05),percentage of apical hypertrophy(25.5％ vs.11.8％,P ＜ 0.05);The ratio of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in MYH7 group was higher than MYBPC3 group (80.0％ vs.18.2％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion MYBPC3 is the most common mutation gene in HCM patients.Phenotype is more severe in geuotype positive patients than in genotype negative patients.Relationship between specific gene mutations and clinical phenotype requires further study.