ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of surveillance cases in a sentinel hospital for pertussis in Jiangxi Province in 2019, and to provide corresponding references for the prevention and control of pertussis. MethodsCase investigation of pertussis was conducted among sentinel hospital surveillance cases, collecting their basic information, epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, and other information. ResultsA total of 125 pertussis surveillance cases were investigated in 2019, including 73 clinically diagnosed cases (58.40%) and 52 confirmed cases (41.60%). The age of onset was mainly concentrated in children under 5 years old (108 cases, 86.40%), with the largest number of cases in infants aged less than 1-year-old (48 cases, 38.40%). Most cases had a history of receiving pertussis vaccine before onset (110 cases, 88.00%), and the intervals between the onset date and the date of last dose of pertussis vaccine in the 1‒2 doses group were significantly shorter than that in the 3‒4 doses group (U=-5.990, P<0.001). Probable household transmission of pertussis was found in 3 cases. All cases had cough symptoms, mainly manifested as whooping cough (77 cases, 61.60%), in addition to other main clinical manifestations, such as fever (76 cases, 60.80%), vomiting (30 cases, 24.00%), conjunctival congestion (27 cases, 21.60%), and inspiratory whoop (16 cases, 12.80%). A total of 73 cases (58.40%) experienced complications, including 1 death case. All the cases had multiple medical visit experiences before this visit, with an interval of 2 (0,3) days between the onset date and the first visit date. The misdiagnosis rate at the first medical visit was 88.00% (110/125), and the misdiagnosis rate of the first visit in secondary and primary hospitals was significantly higher than that in tertiary hospitals, exhibiting a statistically significant difference (χ²=21.582, P<0.001). ConclusionThe clinical symptoms of pertussis cases are often atypical, and the first diagnosis is prone to misdiagnosis, so it’s necessary to further strengthen the early diagnosis capabilities for pertussis cases in healthcare institutions, especially in the primary healthcare institutions.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a crucial role in regulating many physiological processes. Activating the AhR-CYP1A1 axis has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy against various inflammatory diseases. Here, a practical in situ cell-based fluorometric assay was constructed to screen AhR-CYP1A1 axis modulators, via functional sensing of CYP1A1 activities in live cells. Firstly, a cell-permeable, isoform-specific enzyme-activable fluorogenic substrate for CYP1A1 was rationally constructed for in-situ visualizing the dynamic changes of CYP1A1 function in living systems, which was subsequently used for discovering the efficacious modulators of the AhR-CYP1A1 axis. Following screening of a compound library, LAC-7 was identified as an efficacious activator of the AhR-CYP1A1 axis, which dose-dependently up-regulated the expression levels of both CYP1A1 and AhR in multiple cell lines. LAC-7 also suppressed macrophage M1 polarization and reduced the levels of inflammatory factors in LPS-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages. Animal tests showed that LAC-7 could significantly mitigate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice, and markedly reduced the levels of multiple inflammatory factors. Collectively, an optimized fluorometric cell-based assay was devised for in situ functional imaging of CYP1A1 activities in living systems, which strongly facilitated the discovery of efficacious modulators of the AhR-CYP1A1 axis as novel anti-inflammatory agents.

This article discusses the key pathogenesis of atherosclerosis （AS） based on the physiological characteristics and pathological changes of lipids and introduces the therapeutic effect of Zhuyuwan on AS， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases from the spleen. As essential substances， lipids have the same essence but different forms. They circulate throughout the body with body fluids under the action of Yang Qi to nourish the nutrient Qi and support the defensive Qi. Lipid metabolism disorder often leads to the obstruction of Qi movement， the accumulation of dampness and turbidity， and the generation of phlegm and blood stasis. It has been proven that the formation of vulnerable plaques in AS is attributed to the interaction of three pathogenic factors： deficiency of healthy Qi， phlegm-turbidity， and collateral stasis. Their pathological essence is closely related to abnormal lipid metabolism. As lipids constitute the thick and dense components of body fluids， their impaired dispersion may lead to phlegm-turbidity and blood stasis， the pathological process of which is predominantly ascribed to the dysfunction of the spleen in distributing essence. Therefore， AS is rooted in spleen-stomach disorder， manifests as plaques formed by pathological product accumulation in vessels， with lipid transport disorder as its core pathogenesis. Specifically speaking， the dysfunction of spleen in transportation with accumulation of dampness-turbidity marks the initial stage， and blood turbidity and coagulation and phlegm-nodules accumulating in vessels represent the intermediate phase. Cold accumulation and stagnated heat transforming into toxins represent the terminal stage. Zhuyuwan， first recorded in Taiping Holy Prescriptions for Universal Relief， contains equal proportions of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus. Coptidis Rhizoma， bitter and cold， exerts descending and purging actions to assist stomach Qi in lowering turbidity. Evodiae Fructus， pungent-bitter and hot， disperses obstruction and promotes free flow to support spleen Qi in ascending the clear. The compatibility of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus ascends the clear and descends the turbid to harmonize Yin and Yang， assisting the spleen in distributing essence and resolving lipid accumulation to reduce lipid levels. In terms of the therapeutic mechanism， Zhuyuwan modulates lipid metabolism by correcting immune-inflammation network imbalance， improving gut microbiota composition and metabolism， and enhancing reverse cholesterol transport. By analyzing the pathological characteristics of lipid transport disorder in AS， this study delves into the intrinsic connections between cardiovascular disease and lipid transport disorder， giving novel insights into the prevention and treatment of AS.

This article discusses the key pathogenesis of atherosclerosis （AS） based on the physiological characteristics and pathological changes of lipids and introduces the therapeutic effect of Zhuyuwan on AS， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases from the spleen. As essential substances， lipids have the same essence but different forms. They circulate throughout the body with body fluids under the action of Yang Qi to nourish the nutrient Qi and support the defensive Qi. Lipid metabolism disorder often leads to the obstruction of Qi movement， the accumulation of dampness and turbidity， and the generation of phlegm and blood stasis. It has been proven that the formation of vulnerable plaques in AS is attributed to the interaction of three pathogenic factors： deficiency of healthy Qi， phlegm-turbidity， and collateral stasis. Their pathological essence is closely related to abnormal lipid metabolism. As lipids constitute the thick and dense components of body fluids， their impaired dispersion may lead to phlegm-turbidity and blood stasis， the pathological process of which is predominantly ascribed to the dysfunction of the spleen in distributing essence. Therefore， AS is rooted in spleen-stomach disorder， manifests as plaques formed by pathological product accumulation in vessels， with lipid transport disorder as its core pathogenesis. Specifically speaking， the dysfunction of spleen in transportation with accumulation of dampness-turbidity marks the initial stage， and blood turbidity and coagulation and phlegm-nodules accumulating in vessels represent the intermediate phase. Cold accumulation and stagnated heat transforming into toxins represent the terminal stage. Zhuyuwan， first recorded in Taiping Holy Prescriptions for Universal Relief， contains equal proportions of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus. Coptidis Rhizoma， bitter and cold， exerts descending and purging actions to assist stomach Qi in lowering turbidity. Evodiae Fructus， pungent-bitter and hot， disperses obstruction and promotes free flow to support spleen Qi in ascending the clear. The compatibility of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus ascends the clear and descends the turbid to harmonize Yin and Yang， assisting the spleen in distributing essence and resolving lipid accumulation to reduce lipid levels. In terms of the therapeutic mechanism， Zhuyuwan modulates lipid metabolism by correcting immune-inflammation network imbalance， improving gut microbiota composition and metabolism， and enhancing reverse cholesterol transport. By analyzing the pathological characteristics of lipid transport disorder in AS， this study delves into the intrinsic connections between cardiovascular disease and lipid transport disorder， giving novel insights into the prevention and treatment of AS.

Background Exposure to ozone (O₃) is closely associated with an increased risk of mortality in the population, but this association exhibits regional heterogeneity, and relevant research in northern and central-western China is limited. Hohhot, as a typical city in the northern and western region, has seen a significant upward trend in O₃ concentrations (an increase of 17.9 μg·m⁻³ in 2020 compared to 2016). Studies targeting this region can fill the regional research gap. Objective To evaluate the health effects of ground-level O₃ exposure on resident mortality in Hohhot from 2018 to 2023. Methods Air quality, meteorological, and mortality data in Hohhot from 2018 to 2023 were collected. A time-series analysis based on Quasi-Poisson generalized additive model (GAM) was employed, controlling for meteorological factors, day-of-week effects, and holiday effects, to assess the impact of O₃ on non-accidental mortality, mortality from circulatory system diseases (CSD), and mortality from respiratory system diseases (RSD). Results From 2018 to 2023, the non-accidental, CSD, and RSD mortalities in Hohhot amounted to 89721, 47394, and 11378 cases, respectively. The daily maximum 8-hour average O₃ concentration (O₃-8 h) was 90.00 μg·m⁻³. According to the Class I limit (100 μg·m⁻³) of GB 3095—2012 Ambient Air Quality Standard, the annual average number of days exceeding the standard was 144 d. For single-day lag effects, O₃ had the strongest health impact on non-accidental mortality and CSD mortality on the current day (lag0), with effect sizes of 0.78% (95%CI: 0.33%, 1.24%) and 1.10% (95%CI: 0.50%, 1.71%), respectively. The strongest impact on RSD mortality occurred on the second day (lag2), with an effect size of 1.61% (95%CI: 0.61%, 2.62%). The subgroup analyses showed that for every 10 μg·m⁻³ increase in O₃-8 h concentration, the risk of non-accidental mortality in females increased by 0.70% (95%CI: 0.01%, 1.41%); for CSD mortality, the risk in males and individuals aged ≥65 years increased by 0.73% (95%CI: 0.01%, 1.47%) and 0.76% (95%CI: 0.13%, 1.39%), respectively. During the warm season, statistically significant risks were observed for non-accidental, CSD, and RSD mortalities, with increases of 1.07% (95%CI: 0.54%, 1.60%), 1.31% (95%CI: 0.59%, 2.04%), and 2.27% (95%CI: 1.07%, 3.49%), respectively. In the two-pollutant models incorporating sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometers or less (PM₁₀), and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), the effect estimates (excess risk) of O₃ remained stable and statistically significant (P<0.05), indicating model robustness. Conclusion Ground-level O₃ exposure in Hohhot increases mortalities due to non-accidental causes, CSD, and RSD, with more pronounced effects during the warm season. Females and individuals aged ≥65 years may be susceptible populations. Therefore, relevant authorities should prioritize the potential health risks of O₃ exposure, particularly to vulnerable groups, and promote targeted prevention and control strategies.

Objective:To explore the potential category characteristics of social participation in colorectal cancer patients with stoma and analyze the influencing factors of different potential categories, so as to provide references for formulating and implementing targeted nursing measures.Methods:By using the convenience sampling method, colorectal cancer patients with stoma who were hospitalized or had outpatient follow-up visits at Guilin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University from January to December 2024 were selected as the survey subjects. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the general information questionnaire, the voluntary participation Questionnaire, the Existential Anxiety Scale, the Family Support Scale and the Social Support Rating Scale. Potential profile analysis was used to identify the categories of social participation characteristics of colorectal cancer stoma patients, and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the related influencing factors.Results:A total of 240 valid questionnaires were finally retrieved. Among the 240 colorectal cancer patients with stoma, 126 were male and 114 were female, aged 34-75 (55.63 ± 6.52) years. The social participation score of colorectal cancer patients with stoma was (55.84 ± 8.62) points. The results of potential profile analysis showed that the social participation of colorectal cancer patients with stoma could be divided into three potential categories: low participation-inefficient social life type accounted for 38.3% (92/240), medium participation-efficient indoor participation type accounted for 36.3% (87/240), and high participation-efficient outdoor participation type accounted for 25.4% (61/240). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, taking the high participation-efficient outdoor participation type as the reference, age, educational level, presence absence of stoma-related complications, existence of meaningless anxiety, family support, and social support were the influencing factors of low participation-inefficient social life type and medium participation-efficient indoor participation type ( OR values ranged from 0.163 to 1.879, all P<0.05). Conclusions:There are obvious classification characteristics in the social participation of colorectal cancer patients with stoma. Nursing staff can formulate and implement targeted intervention strategies based on different classification characteristics. Starting from the existence of meaningless anxiety in patients, an effective family and social support system should be established to improve their social participation.

Objective:To understand the hindrance and promoting factors of colonoscopy compliance in high-risk adenoma patients 3 months after resection, and to provide reference for formulating targeted nursing intervention strategies.Methods:An interview outline was formulated based on the health action process approach theory. A descriptive qualitative research method was used to select 13 patients with high-risk adenoma after resection in Guilin Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital from April to May 2024 for semi-structured interviews according to the purposive sampling method. Content analysis was used to analyze the data and refine the themes.Results:Among the 13 patients, there were 8 males and 5 females, aged 42-70 years old.A total of 2 themes and 8 sub-themes were extracted, including hindering factors (fear of disease outcome, risk perception barriers, low self-efficacy and lack of behavior plan) and promoting factors (establishing correct health beliefs, perceiving the benefits of health behavior, enhancing personal efficacy and advocating health behavior plan).Conclusions:The compliance of colonoscopy in patients with high-risk adenoma after resection is affected by a series of obstacles and promoting factors. In the future, targeted intervention strategies can be formulated based on the health action process approach theory to improve their compliance with colonoscopy.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of hospital-associated infections,distribution of infection cases in departments,infection sites and pathogens so as to achieve the rational allocation of resources and provide data support for continuous improvement of medical quality.METHODS From 2019 to 2023,the relevant data in-cluding the departments of hospitalized patients with the infections,time of infections,infection sites and patho-gens were collected from all of the infection patients of Hohhot First Hospital by Xinglin nosocomial infection teal-time monitoring system and were statistically analyzed.RESULTS There were 1802 cases of hospital-associated infec-tions in total from 2019 to 2023,and the average incidence rate of infection was 1.18％.The average incidence of hospi-tal-associated infections exceeded 3％in 6 of 36 departments from 2019 to 2023(584 cases in total,accounting for 32.41％among all the cases),and the incidence of hospital-associated infections showed an upward trend in intensive care unit(ICU)(x2=4.125,P=0.042).The 3 major infection sites of the patients with hospital-associated infections were as follow:the patients with respiratory system infection accourted for 66.35％,the patients with urinary system infec-tions accounted for 19.39％,the patients with blood system infections 3.33％.Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii ranked the top 3 species of pathogens causing the hospital-associated infection,accounting for 17.68％,12.25％and 11.33％,respectively.CONCLUSIONS The incidence of hospital-associated infections shows an upward trend in recent years.It is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive and meticulous management of the infec-tions and take full advantage of information surveillance data so as to further improve the medical quality and safety.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of hospital-associated infections,distribution of infection cases in departments,infection sites and pathogens so as to achieve the rational allocation of resources and provide data support for continuous improvement of medical quality.METHODS From 2019 to 2023,the relevant data in-cluding the departments of hospitalized patients with the infections,time of infections,infection sites and patho-gens were collected from all of the infection patients of Hohhot First Hospital by Xinglin nosocomial infection teal-time monitoring system and were statistically analyzed.RESULTS There were 1802 cases of hospital-associated infec-tions in total from 2019 to 2023,and the average incidence rate of infection was 1.18％.The average incidence of hospi-tal-associated infections exceeded 3％in 6 of 36 departments from 2019 to 2023(584 cases in total,accounting for 32.41％among all the cases),and the incidence of hospital-associated infections showed an upward trend in intensive care unit(ICU)(x2=4.125,P=0.042).The 3 major infection sites of the patients with hospital-associated infections were as follow:the patients with respiratory system infection accourted for 66.35％,the patients with urinary system infec-tions accounted for 19.39％,the patients with blood system infections 3.33％.Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii ranked the top 3 species of pathogens causing the hospital-associated infection,accounting for 17.68％,12.25％and 11.33％,respectively.CONCLUSIONS The incidence of hospital-associated infections shows an upward trend in recent years.It is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive and meticulous management of the infec-tions and take full advantage of information surveillance data so as to further improve the medical quality and safety.