Objective:To analyze the disease burden of asthma in China and its changing trends,providing references for the formulation and adjustment of relevant prevention and control policies. Methods:Using the data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021) study,it conducted an analysis of asthma prevalence,mortality,and disease burden. An age period cohort (APC) model was used to analyze the age period cohort effect of disease burden,and a time series model was used to analyze the asthma disease burden trend in China by 2030. Results:From 1990 to 2021,the burden of asthma in China showed a decreasing trend. The APC model showed that the incidence of asthma reaches its peak in the 5-9 age group,with a decreasing trend in the period effect. The birth cohort 1915-1919 group and 2010-2014 group had the highest risk of asthma. It is expected that the prevalence,mortality,and DALYs rates of asthma in China will all show a downward trend by 2030. Conclusion:The burden of asthma in China is showing a downward trend,but the prevention and control situation is still severe. The accessibility and affordability of treatment drugs are important means to ensure the effectiveness of asthma prevention and control. It needs to build a"promote prevention,diagnosis,control,and treatment"service system to provide comprehensive health care for asthma patients.

Objective:To analyze the disease burden of asthma in China and its changing trends,providing references for the formulation and adjustment of relevant prevention and control policies. Methods:Using the data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021) study,it conducted an analysis of asthma prevalence,mortality,and disease burden. An age period cohort (APC) model was used to analyze the age period cohort effect of disease burden,and a time series model was used to analyze the asthma disease burden trend in China by 2030. Results:From 1990 to 2021,the burden of asthma in China showed a decreasing trend. The APC model showed that the incidence of asthma reaches its peak in the 5-9 age group,with a decreasing trend in the period effect. The birth cohort 1915-1919 group and 2010-2014 group had the highest risk of asthma. It is expected that the prevalence,mortality,and DALYs rates of asthma in China will all show a downward trend by 2030. Conclusion:The burden of asthma in China is showing a downward trend,but the prevention and control situation is still severe. The accessibility and affordability of treatment drugs are important means to ensure the effectiveness of asthma prevention and control. It needs to build a"promote prevention,diagnosis,control,and treatment"service system to provide comprehensive health care for asthma patients.

Objective:To investigate the role and mechanism of N 6-methyladenosine (m 6A) methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in vascular calcification (VC) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) through apoptosis-associated protein. Methods:(1) Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to test METTL3 mRNA in serum of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. (2) Western blotting was used to detect the expression of METTL3 protein in high-phosphorus stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and immunofluorescence double lable was used to observe the distribution of METTL3 and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). The METTL3 overexpressed and knockdown plasmids were constructed and transfected into VSMCs. Alizarin red staining was used to detect calcification degree. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of osteogenic markers [Runx2, bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2), collagen Ⅰ] and apoptosis- related proteins Bax and Bcl-2. (3) SD rats were randomly divided into control group, CKD-VC group and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) intervention group. The calcification of thoracic aorta was evaluated by von Kossa staining, and the protein expressions of Runx2, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results:(1) METTL3 mRNA expression in MHD patients with VC was significantly lower than that in non-VC patients ( P<0.05), and was negatively correlated with coronary artery calcium score ( r=-0.65, P<0.001). (2) The expression of METTL3 in VSMCs stimulated by high phosphorus was decreased and showed a time dependence. Immunofluorescence double label showed that METTL3 and Runx2 were co-expressed in the nucleus. METTL3 was overexpressed in high-phosphorus induced VSMCs, and the expressions of Runx2, collagen I and BMP-2 were significantly decreased, accompanied by the decrease of calcified nodules and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (all P<0.05). Conversely, METTL3 knockdown aggravated VSMCs calcification by inducing apoptosis. (3) Furthermore, METTL3 inhibitor SAH was administered in vivo, and it was found that inhibition of METTL3 expression significantly increased the calcification of rat thoracic aorta, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Runx2 expression were up-regulated. Conclusions:Serum METTL3 level is reduced in MHD patients with VC. In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that METTL3 inhibits VC in CKD by mediating the apoptosis-related protein Bax/Bcl-2.

Objective:To investigate the utilization of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) in hospitalized children in Class Ⅲ specialized children's hospitals, aiming to discover existing issues of PIVC in order to provide reference for clinical nurses and nurse administer to improve the quality on intravenous therapy and to avoid potential risk.Methods:This study uses the field survey method. From July 23rd to 31st, 2018, 25 Class Ⅲ children's specialized hospitals were first sampled in 23 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of the country by the convenient sampling method. The cluster sampling method was then used to select all the pediatric patients with PIVCs admitted to the hospital on the date of investigation. A self-designed 'Cross-sectional Questionnaire for Pediatric Patients with PIVC' was used for survey, and images and data were analyzed. SPSS 17.0 software was used to statistically analyze the data.Results:In this study, 8 635 cases of PICVs were investigated, and the utilization rate of PICVs accounted for 86.9% (8 635/9 942) of all venipuncture tools. Among these cases, 4 665 (54.0%) cases' puncture sites were at the dorsal side of the hand, and 1 234 (14.3%) were at the head. Among the PIVCs, 45.8% (3 954/8 635) were safety PIVCs. And 54.6% (4 712/8 635) of the PIVCs were di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) free products. The incidence rate of PICV related complications was 7.9% (682/8 635) . Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the PIVC time, IV site, dressing fixation problems, catheter maintenance problems, and patient age were risk factors for PIVC related complications ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:PIVC is the widely used among pediatric patients. The IV site is mainly at the dorsal side of the hand, followed by head and wrist. The selection of material and type of PIVC still require further improvement to ensure the safety of pediatric intravenous therapy. Nursing measures should be taken during the use of PIVC to identify the risk factors at early stage and intervene effectively, which can reduce the occurrence of complications.

Objective To observe the effect of fluorine (F) and aluminum (Al) on serum,bone,teeth,brain,kidney and liver tissues,contents of F and Al in different tissues of rats with combined F-Al toxicosis caused by drinking brick tea were determined.Methods Forty SPF grade Wistar rats of 4 weeks,including 24 females and 16 males,weighing between 40 and 50 g,were divided into control group,F group,Al group and brick tea group by random number table according to their weight,ten rats (6 females,4 males) in each group.The control group received daily drinking water.The F group drank a solution with an F content of 100 mg/L,and the Al group drank a solution with an Al content of 159 mg/L.According to the drinking habits and consumption of the herdsmen,the tea concentration and tea consumption of the rats were calculated for the brick tea group,and a tea soup was made according to the ratio,with the F content of (100 ± 2) mg/L and the Al content of (159.0 ± 1.5) mg/L.One year later,the rats were killed to determine the contents of F and Al in serum,bone,teeth,brain,kidney and liver.Results The contents of F in bone,teeth and liver of the brick tea group [(275.81 + 55.89),(283.32 ± 70.67),(15.52 ±7.57) μg/g] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(0.04 ± 0.01),(128.52 ± 12.81),(5.89 ±0.33) μg/g,P ＜ 0.01].The Al contents of teeth and liver in the brick tea group [(6.14 ± 1.69),(8.97 ± 0.85) μg/g]were significantly higher than those of the control group [(0.72 + 0.54),(5.47 + 0.83) μg/g,P ＜ 0.01].Conclusions F-Al combined toxicosis caused by drinking brick tea can cause the increases of F contents in bone,teeth and liver,and the increases of Al contents in teeth and liver.The main tissues damaged by F-Al combined toxicosis caused by drinking brick tea in rats are bone,teeth and liver.

AIM: To study the effect of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) on icariin (ICA) induced mouse embryonic stem cells ( mESCs) to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro.METHODS:mESCs were cultured to embry-oid bodies ( EBs) by direct suspension method and the differentiation of EBs into cardiomyocytes was induced by ICA.The expression of cardiac specific proteinsα-actinin and cardiac troponin-I ( cTnI) was analyzed by Western blot and immuno-fluorescence.The differentiation rate was determined by flow cytometry.The ultrastructure of the derived cardiomyocytes was further characterized by transmission electron microscopy.The expression of cardiac-specific transcription factors Nkx2.5 and GATA-4,as well as CaSR was detected by Western blot.RESULTS: After induction with ICA, the positive characteristics of myocardial cells appeared in the EBs cultured for 2 d.The expression of cardiac-specific sarcomeric pro-tein actinin (α-actinin) and cTnI showed an overall upward trend by Western blot in different phases of ICA induced differ-entiation.The expression of CaSR, Nkx2.5 and GATA-4 was the highest at an early stage of ICA-induced differentiation. Neomycin (an activator of CaSR) up-regulated CaSR, NKx2.5 and GATA-4 expression in the EBs at early stage of ICA-in-duced differentiation, all of which were reversed by NPS2390 ( an inhibitor of CaSR) .CONCLUSION:CaSR is function-ally expressed in mESC-derived cardiomyocytes, and activation of CaSR is involved in the differentiation of mESCs into car-diomyocytes by facilitating the expression of NKx2.5 and GATA-4.

Hospital research mainly by high-level researcher to promote,and researcher of the research initiative will determine the contribution of their research.This initiative from the start of economic regulation researcher to explain the economics-based perspective that affect high-level researcher positive factors research and put forward relevant mathematical relationship between the influencing factors and mathematical models,and scientific researcher positive regulator of a number of ways.

Objective To explore the relationship among depression level, executive function and rumination in patients with depression. Methods We selected 103 patients with depression. And then, we investigated them about the depression level, ecological executive function, dispositions and so on with the general condition questionnaire, behavior rating inventory of executive function-adult version ( BRIEF-A ) , ruminative responses scale ( RRS) and Beck depression rating scale ( BDI-II) and analyzed the relationship among depressive emotion, executive function and rumination.Results The score of the depressive symptoms, RRS and BRIEF-A was (25.12±12.85),(48.84±15.46),(119.40±28.55). The total score of BDI-II had positive correlations with the score of all dimensions of RRS and the total score of BRIEF-A with significant differences ( r=0.424,0.603,0.469, 0.565;P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that rumination had a partly mediating effect (accounting for 39.4%in gross effect) between executive function and depression.Conclusions Depression has positive correlations with rumination and extent of damage to executive function. Moreover, rumination has a positive correlation with the extent of damage to executive function. Besides, rumination has a partly mediating effect in the relationship between executive function and depression.

Objective To explore diagnosis value of spiral CT on intracranial dermoid cyst based on retrospective analysis.Methods 10 cases of intracranial dermoid cyst were enrolled in and confirmed by surgery and pathology.The retrospective analysis was based on the CT manifestations,causes,pathological and clinical features.Results Among the 10 cases,5 lesions were located in the posterior cranial fossa,3 in besides saddle,1 in up saddle and 1 in the temporal fossa.The morphology of nidus was round or round like with clear boundary.There was no edema around the nidus.Fat was found in 7 cases appeared hypodensity with insufficiency uniformity on CT,and the density was lower than that of cerebrospinal fluid with CT value ranged from-6 HU to 80 HU.There was a few calcification on the edge in 1 case.Hyperdensity irregular and lumpy hair-liked shadow was found in 2 hypodensity cases.1 lesion closed to the cranial plate was compressed thin and buckled.Conclusions Intracranial dermoid cyst has typical CT manifestations.It will be an accurate diagnosis based on clinical analysis and CT manifestations.