OBJECTIVE: To review recent advances in the application of hair transplantation in wound healing and scar repair in special areas. METHODS: An extensive review of the literature on the application of hair transplantation in wound healing and scar repair in special areas was conducted, focusing on cellular functions, molecular mechanisms, and clinical applications. RESULTS: Hair transplantation has been shown to effectively promote wound healing and scar repair in special areas. The underlying mechanisms are complex, but current understanding emphasizes a strong association with hair follicle-associated stem cells (including epidermal stem cells, dermal papilla cells, dermal sheath cells, etc). CONCLUSION The application of hair transplantation in wound healing and scar repair in special areas remains in its early stages. Further investigation into its mechanisms of action is essential, and randomized controlled trials are needed to establish its efficacy.
Humans ; Wound Healing/physiology* ; Cicatrix/therapy* ; Hair/transplantation* ; Hair Follicle/transplantation*

Full-thickness scalp burns secondary to hair coloring are rare; however, such defects can be large and complex reconstruction of hair-bearing tissue may be necessary. Many skin-stretching devices that use gradual traction have been applied to take advantage of the viscoelastic properties of the skin. A 21-year-old female patient was seen with a burn defect on her occipital scalp leading to exposed subcutaneous tissue after chemical application of hair coloring in a salon. The dimensions of the wound were 10 cm×5 cm, and a skin graft or flap would have been necessary to close the defect. Two long transfixing K-wires (1.4 mm) and paired 3-wire threads (23 gauge), which are readily available in most hospitals, were applied over a period of 12 days for trichophytic closure of the defect. The remaining scalp scars after primary trichophytic closure with this skin-stretching method were refined with hair follicle transplantation. This skin-stretching method is simple to apply and valuable for helping to close problematic areas of skin shortage that would otherwise require more complicated procedures. This case shows a relatively unknown complication of hair coloring and its treatment.
Burns ; Burns, Chemical ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Hair Color ; Hair Follicle ; Hair ; Humans ; Methods ; Scalp ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Traction ; Transplantation ; Transplants ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries ; Young Adult

Stem cell transplantation represents a promising therapy for several degenerating and necrotic diseases. In several animal studies, we could find hearing restoration after inoculation of the mesenchymal stem cells' as well as mesenchymal stem cells' differentiation of hair cells and spiral ganglion. But until now, no clinical study has been reported directly for the human being. In this pilot studies, we applied mesenchymal stem cells to human beings trans-venously. Although we verified the safety of the autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation in sensorineural hearing loss patients but we could not achieve significant improvement in hearing.
Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Clinical Study ; Electric Stimulation ; Hair ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Hearing ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Pilot Projects ; Spiral Ganglion ; Stem Cell Transplantation

BACKGROUND: Little is known concerning hair diameter variation within the safe donor area for hair transplantation surgery. Thicker or thinner hair may be needed, depending on the recipient area, hairline design, and the purpose of surgery. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients (7 men and 20 women; mean age, 28 years; range, 20–47 years) were included in this study. The midoccipital point was used as the reference point on the horizontal plane at the upper border of the helical rim. The target area width was 15 cm (7.5 cm to the right and left of the reference point) and the height was 8 cm (2 cm above and 6 cm below the reference point). The study area was divided horizontally into 3 5-cm sections (A, B, C) and vertically into 4 2-cm sections (1–4), creating a total of 12 zones. Ten anagen hairs were randomly obtained from each zone and their diameters were measured. RESULTS: Hair diameter in the 4 vertical sections varied significantly, gradually decreasing from sections 1 (superior) to 4 (inferior) in all 3 horizontal sections (A, B, and C). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that sections 1 and 2 of the occipital safe donor area would be useful for obtaining thicker hair, such as in procedures to treat male- and female-pattern hair loss, whereas hair from zones 3 and 4 could be useful for transplantation surgery requiring thinner hair, such as eyebrows, eyelashes, and female hairline correction. Our results may be clinically valuable for planning hair transplant surgery and choosing the optimal donor region.
Eyebrows ; Eyelashes ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Hair* ; Humans ; Male ; Tissue Donors* ; Transplant Donor Site ; Transplantation

Animals ; Hair ; transplantation ; Humans ; Skin Transplantation ; Vibrissae

BACKGROUND: In scalp allotransplantation, the scalp from a brain-dead donor, including hair, is transferred to a recipient with scalp defects. Opinions differ on the appropriateness of scalp allotransplantation. In order to maintain graft function and cosmetic outcomes, scalp transplantation recipients would need to receive lifelong immunosuppression treatments. The risks of this immunosuppression have to be balanced against the fact that receiving a scalp allotransplant does not extend lifespan or restore a physical function. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate risk acceptance and expectations regarding scalp allotransplantation in different populations. METHODS: A questionnaire survey study was conducted. A total of 300 subjects participated; survey was conducted amongst the general public (n=100), kidney transplantation recipients (n=50), a group of patient who required scalp reconstruction due to tumor or trauma (n=50), and physicians (n=100). The survey was modified by using the Korean version of the Louisville instrument for transplantation questionnaire. RESULTS: Risk acceptance and expectations for scalp transplantation varied widely across the groups. Kidney transplantation recipients revealed the highest risk acceptance and expectations, whereas the physicians were most resistant to the risks of scalp transplantation. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that, in specific groups, scalp allotransplantation and the need for immunosuppression carries an acceptable risk despite the lack of lifeextending benefits. Our results suggest that scalp allotransplantation can be an acceptable alternative to existing scalp reconstruction surgeries in patients with pre-existing need for immunosuppression.
Hair ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Kidney Transplantation ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Scalp* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of scalp expanded flap combined with JPL hair removal for large area scar on forehead.

METHODSFrom Jul. 2010 to Nov. 2012, 9 cases with large area scar on forehead received treatment of adjacent scalp expanded flap combined with JPL hair removal. One the first stage, the expander was implanted under the scalp near the forehead scar, followed hy expansion process. When the expansion was completed, the expanded flap was transferred to cover the wound after scar excision. 10 days after flap transposition, the forehead hair line was designed and extra hair on flap underwent JPL hair removal. After 3-5 treatments, the hair on flap was almost removed.

RESULTSAll the scalp flaps survived completely. JPL hair removal had exact effect. The patients were followed up for 5-11 months. The hair density on the flap decreased hy more than 90%. The flap had a good match with surrounding facial skin in color, texture and thickness. The reconstructed forehead hair line was satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSIt is a good option to reconstruct large area scar on forehead with scalp expanded flap comhined with IPL hair removal.

Cicatrix ; surgery ; Forehead ; injuries ; surgery ; Graft Survival ; Hair Removal ; methods ; Humans ; Scalp ; Surgical Flaps ; transplantation ; Tissue Expansion ; methods ; Tissue Expansion Devices

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and advantages of total auricular reconstruction with single big expander at dual plane through incision at remnant ear.

METHODS52 patients with microtia were treated. Through incision at remnant ear, one big expander (150 ml) was implanted in the post-auricular area beneath the superficial facial in the hairless area, and above the superficial fascia in the area with hair. In the second stage, total auricular was reconstructed with autologous cartilage framework and expanded skin. Skin graft was not necessary. Another 32 paitents with single big expander above the superficial fascia were used as control. The downward shift distance of expanders, the appearance of auriculocephalic sulcus and complication were recorded in order to assess the effect of these two methods.

RESULTSThe downward shift distance of expanders in the dual plane group (0.7 ± 0.3) cm were lower than that in the control group (1.3 ± 0.4) cm, showing significant difference (P < 0.05). After a follow-up period of 6-12 months, shallow auriculocephalic sulcus was presented in 5 patients of the dual plane group and 12 patient of the control group. The shallow auriculocephalic sulcus was cut to make it deeper and covered with full skin graft.

CONCLUSIONSDual plane skin expansion could reduce the downward shift distance of expander. Adequate skin on the upper part of expander could make satisfactory auriculocephalic sulcus.

Cartilage ; transplantation ; Congenital Microtia ; surgery ; Feasibility Studies ; Hair ; Humans ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Surgical Flaps ; trends ; Tissue Expansion ; methods ; Tissue Expansion Devices

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of intense pulsed light (IPL) depilation in the auricular reconstruction with totally expanded skin and its suitable parameter.

METHODSFrom February 2009 to September 2013, one tissue expander(100 or 150 milliliters) were implanted under the skin of mastoid in 126 patients who suffered from microtia. During the skin expanding, the hair on the expanded skin was depilated by JPL technique. The parameter, operation, interval, the depilation result and the complication were recorded. The autologous rib cartilage frameworks were implanted in the second phase of auricular reconstruction.

RESULTSThe energy of IPL was 20 - 35 J/cm2 (mean 25. 3 J/cm2), the width of pulse was 26 - 30 ms ( mean 27. 9 ms), the interval between two operations was 4 weeks. Ninety-six patients were cured(76. 2%, 96/126). The total depilation efficient is 96. 8% (122/126). A fine banding blisters was found in one patient whose depilation areas was marked by black pen. Skin erythema was found in five patients and skin pigmentation was found in 7 patients. There were no skin necrosis and expander exposure in all patients. During 6 - 12 months of follow-up period, ninety-two patients were cured (73.0%, 92/126) and the total depilation efficient is 92. 9% (117/126).

CONCLUSIONSIPL depilation during the skin expanding is feasible and safe with careful procedure. The hairless expanded skin is enough to cover the framework, as well as the post-auricular area. The appearance of reconstructed ear is better without hair.

Congenital Microtia ; surgery ; Costal Cartilage ; transplantation ; Ear, External ; Erythema ; etiology ; Hair Removal ; methods ; Humans ; Mastoid ; Phototherapy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Pigmentation ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Expansion ; Tissue Expansion Devices

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of soft tissue expansion combined with follicular unit extraction( FUE) for burn cicatricial bald.

METHODS48 patients with burn cicatricial bald (> 25 cm2) were treated in three stages. The expanders were implanted on the first stage. After expansion for 8 weeks, the expanders were taken out and local flaps were transferred. One year later, follicular unit extraction( FUE) was applied on the bald area.

RESULTS48 cases were followed up for 5 years with satisfactory cosmetic results. The VAS assessment of satisfaction on hair appearance after three-staged surgery was 8.2 ± 2.1.

CONCLUSIONSSoft tissue expansion combined with FUE has a reliable effect for burn cicatricial bald.

Alopecia ; etiology ; surgery ; Burns ; complications ; surgery ; Female ; Hair ; transplantation ; Hair Follicle ; transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Surgical Flaps ; transplantation ; Tissue Expansion ; methods ; Tissue Expansion Devices