Objective To explore the effectiveness of an integrated laparoscopic simulation training course (best essential surgical technique training, BEST) in enhancing laparoscopic peritoneal suturing techniques in surgical residents.Methods As an integrated two-stage program, the BEST course applied basic laparoscopic training system with simple molds in phase Ⅰ training, and then adopted advanced laparoscopic training system, 3D Laparoscope and ex-vivo animal models in phase Ⅱ training. The laparoscopic suturing techniques were practiced in phase Ⅱ training. From August 2021 to July 2024, surgical residents in the second year of the national standardized training program were divided into pilot and control groups based on whether they had undergone the BEST course. Two cases of laparoscopic peritoneal suture were performed by the surgical residents under supervision in the department of gastrointestinal surgery. The operative time, quality of suture, and independent completion rate were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 33 surgical residents (19 in pilot group and 14 in control group) were included in this study, and a total of 66 cases of laparoscopic peritoneal suture were performed (38 in pilot group and 28 in control group). The operative time was significantly shorter in pilot group than that in control group (15.7 min vs. 17.5 min, P=0.025). The quality of suture was significantly better in pilot group compared to control group (P=0.023). In pilot group, all peritoneal sutures were performed by residents independently, whereas in control group, 3 cases (10.7%) were assisted by the supervisor, and the independent completion rate was different significantly (P=0.039).Conclusions The BEST course can help improve surgical residents′ laparoscopic peritoneal suturing techniques and could be promoted in the national standardized training program for surgical residents.

Objective:To construct the sphingosine kinase 1(SPHK1)overexpression lentiviral vector,and to establish the SKOV3 lentiviral stable transfection cell line.Methods:According to the SPHK1 data information provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)database,the primers were designed and synthesized,the target gene was amplified,and connected to the GV492 plasmid treated with Bam HⅠ and AgeⅠ restriction enzymes to construct the SPHK1 overexpression lentiviral vector;the positive clones were selected for PCR and sequencing identification;the lentiviral plasmid and the lentiviral packaging auxiliary plasmid were co-transfected into the HEK-293T cells for packaging and titer determination;according to the measured optimal multiplicity of infection(MOI)of 10,the corresponding lentiviral amounts in various groups were transfected into the SKOV3 cells,and the SKOV3 cells were divided into blank group(without treatment),GV492 control group(GV492 control lentivirus infected SKOV3 cells),and GV492-SPHK1 overexpression group(GV492-SPHK1 overexpression lentivirus infected SKOV3 cells,ov-SPHK1 group);the optimal concentration of 2 mg·L-1 puromycin was used to screen the stably transfected SKOV3 cell line;after 48 h,the medium was changed and replaced with 1 mg·L-1 puromycin for screening for 14 d;the morphology and fluorescence expression of the cells were observed under fluorescence microscope;real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of SPHK1 mRNA in the SKOV3 cells in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression level of SPHK1 protein in the SKOV3 cells in various groups.Results:The PCR sequencing results showed that the gene sequence of the SPHK1 overexpression lentiviral vector was completely consistent with the target sequence,and the SPHK1 overexpression lentiviral vector was successfully constructed;the titer determination results showed that the lentiviral titers in GV492 control group and ov-SPHK1 group were 5×1011 and 8×1011 TU·L?1,respectively;the SKOV3 cells in GV492 control group and ov-SPHK1 group were in good state and showed strong fluorescence expression,suggesting that the SKOV3 stable transfection cell line overexpressing SPHK1 was successfully established;the RT-qPCR results showed that compared with blank group and GV492 control group,the expression level of SPHK1 mRNA in the SKOV3 cells in ov-SPHK1 group was significantly increased(P<0.01);the Western blotting results showed that compared with blank group and GV492 control group,the expression level of SPHK1 protein in the SKOV3 cells in ov-SPHK1 group was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:The SPHK1 overexpression lentiviral vector is successfully constructed,and the SKOV3 stable transfection cell line is established.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of population-based cohort of patients with the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes in Lingnan area,and to study the related influencing factors in the onset and progression of the disease. Methods A retrospective cohort study was used to collect data from people who underwent physical examination in the Eleventh People's Hospital of Guangzhou from May 2022 to December 2023. Data mainly included questionnaire surveys,physical examinations,and laboratory testing indicators. The 2022 was defined as the baseline to statistically analyze the occurrence and development of the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes in this population,and to analyze the related influencing factors of comorbidity and distribution of traditional Chinese medicine constitution in comorbidity population. Results Finally,a total of 26498 subjects were included,from which there were 359 patients with the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes (comorbidity group),accounting for 1.4％ of the total. Among them,290 were male,accounting for 80.8％,which is much higher than female. The mean age was(61.6±9.5)years old,which was significantly higher than that of the non-comorbidity group. The cases of comorbidity group were mainly concentrated in the age group of 45-75 years old,and no cases were found in people under 35 years old. There were 293 patients with the comorbidity of ischemic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes,whose proportion (81.6％) is much higher than that of other types. Significant differences between comorbidity group and non-comorbidity group were found in terms of gender,age,age distribution,height,body mass,body mass index (BMI),smoking,alcohol consumption,marital status,exercise,and dampness syndrome (P<0.05). About 1.0％ of population at the baselined converted from non-comorbidities or single disease to comorbidities. The proportion of newly diagnosed patients with the comorbidity of ischemic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes is the highest,up to 68.9％. BMI overweight or obesity,large waist circumference,smoking,dampness syndrome and exercise were the risk factors affecting the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. A total of 264 cases of comorbidity group had finished evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine body constitutions. The proportion of balanced constitution was the highest (31.1％),followed by dampness-heat constitution (18.2％),yang-deficiency constitution (13.3％) and phlegm-dampness constitution (11.7％). Conclusion The incidence of the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes is high in Lingnan area,which may be related to dampness constitution,BMI overweight or obesity,large waist circumference,smoking,dampness syndrome and lack of exercise.

Objective:To explore genes related to costimulatory molecule related to the prognosis of bladder cancer,and to construct and evaluate prognosis model based on costimulatory molecule-based signature(CMS).Methods:Gene expression matrix and clinical information of bladder cancer patients were downloaded from TCGA database and GEO database(GSE31684),and costimulatory molecule-related genes were retrieved from the literature.The univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were used to screened prognostic-related genes and constructed prognostic model.Forecast accuracy of model was verified in TCGA training group,TCGA validation data group and GEO group by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Considering risk score and clinical characteristics,we constructed a nomogram and evaluated its performance by consistency analysis and ROC.CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze immune cell composition of tumor microenvironment infiltration,and gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was performed to explore the potential mechanism.Results:Four prognostic-related CMSs were found:TNFRSF14,CD276,ICOS and TMIGD2,of which three were included in the risk score construction.Multivariate Cox regression results showed that the risk score based on CMS was an independent prognostic factor for bladder cancer patients.Consistency analysis and ROC results showed that the nomogram had ideal prognosis prediction accuracy.Immune infiltration analysis showed that the high risk group was likely to be in immunosuppressive state.GSEA results suggested that genes in high risk group were enriched in extracel-lular matrix(ECM)receptors interaction,cell cycle and other pathways.Conclusion:TNFRSF14,CD276 and ICOS may be potential prognostic biomarkers for bladder cancer patients.CMS-based risk score and nomogram could contribute to early prognosis and choice of personalized treatment.

OBJECTIVE To establish the characteristic chromatogram of the volatile oil in the standard decoction of Qingshang juantong decoction， and preliminarily infer the main active components of volatile oil that affect the clinical therapeutic effect. METHODS The volatile oil in the standard decoction of Qingshang juantong decoction was extracted by steam distillation. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） characteristic chromatograms of 15 batches of samples were established by the Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition）， and the similarity evaluation was carried out. The volatile oil of standard decoction was identified by UPLC coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF/MS）. Then the volatile oil components were analyzed by GC-MS. RESULTS The similarities of UPLC characteristic chromatograms for volatile oil of 15 batches of Qingshang juantong decoction were between 0.949 and 0.997. A total of 12 common peaks were obtained. According to the UPLC-Q-TOF/MS， the main components were methyl eugenol， E-ligustilide， E-butylidenephthalide and so on. A total of 23 components were identified by GC-MS， which were mainly 3，4，5-trimethoxy- methylbenzene， patchouli alcohol， Z-ligustilide and so on. CONCLUSIONS The characteristic chromatograms of the volatile oil in the standard decoction of Qingshang juantong decoction is established， and it is inferred that methyl eugenol， ligustilide， E- butylidenephthalide， patchouli alcohol， 3，4，5-trimethoxy-methylbenzene might be the main active components affecting the clinical therapeutic effect of the volatile oil of Qingshang juantong decoction.

Objective:To analyze the differences in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging and preoperative localization between patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and extratemporal epilepsy (ETLE) caused by focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). Methods:From April 2015 to August 2018, a total of 71 patients (45 males, 26 females, age (24.3±9.1) years) with refractory epilepsy who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging before surgery and confirmed as FCD by pathology in Xuanwu Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into TLE and ETLE groups based on pathological results. 18F-FDG PET/CT images were analyzed qualitatively and compared with the operation result, then region of interest (ROI) was used to calculate the asymmetry index (AI), and evaluated the hypometabolism of every cerebral region by |AI| semi-quantitatively. Engle classification were followed-up after surgery. Independent-sample t test and χ2 test were used to analyze data. Results:Of 71 FCD patients, 35 were TLE and 36 were ETLE. The onset age of ETLE patients were younger than TLE patients ((10.1±6.5) vs (14.9±9.7) years; t=2.48, P=0.02). In TLE group, 54.29%(19/35) were completely consistent with the operation results, and 42.86%(15/35) showed hypometabolized brain regions in extratemporal lobe. In ETLE group, 27.78%(10/36) were completely consistent with the operation results, and 47.22%(17/36) showed hypometabolized brain regions in temporal lobe. There were significant differences in the lateral accuracy and positioning accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT between TLE and ETLE patients (97.14%(34/35) vs 75.00%(27/36), 54.29%(19/35) vs 27.78%(10/36); χ2 values: 7.19, 6.27, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in |AI| values between the brain regions of TLE and ETLE patients ( z values: from -1.25 to -0.06, all P>0.05). Conclusion:The lateral accuracy and positioning accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in TLE patients are better than that in ETLE patients.

Microbial oils are potential resources of fuels and food oils in the future. In recent years, with the rapid development of systems biology technology, understanding the physiological metabolism and lipid accumulation characteristics of oleaginous microorganisms from a global perspective has become a research focus. As an important tool for systems biology research, omics technology has been widely used to reveal the mechanism of high-efficiency production of oils by oleaginous microorganisms. This provides a basis for rational genetic modification and fermentation process control of oleaginous microorganisms. In this article, we summarize the application of omics technology in oleaginous microorganisms, introduced the commonly used sample pre-processing and data analysis methods for omics analysis of oleaginous microorganisms, reviewe the researches for revealing the mechanism of efficient lipid production by oleaginous microorganisms based on omics technologies including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics (modification) and metabolomics (lipidomics), as well as mathematical models based on omics data. The future development and application of omics technology for microbial oil production are also proposed.
Fermentation ; Lipids ; Metabolomics ; Proteomics ; Technology

Objective:To investigate the relationship between gallbladder carcinoma and gallbladder stones, and provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of gallbladder carcinoma.Methods:A case-control study was used to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 134 patients(study group) with gallbladder stones and gallbladder carcinoma treated in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Corps Hospital of Chinese People′s Armed Police Forces from January 2010 to December 2012.Another 134 patients with gallbladder stones were selected as control group, and the clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared.Results:The average age of patients in the study group was (60.5±11.7)years, which was significantly older than that in the control group [(49.6±10.3)years], the difference was statistically significant ( t=7.916, P<0.05). The history of gallbladder stones in the study group and control group were (9.3±4.1)years and (4.6±2.5)years, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant( t=11.682, P<0.01). The multiple stones, maximum stone diameter and maximum gallbladder wall thickness in the study group were 75 cases, (2.4±0.6)cm and (0.59±0.16)cm, respectively, which in the control group were 46 cases, (1.3±0.5)cm and (0.87±0.23)cm, respectively, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(χ 2=3.978, t=6.217, 5.110, all P<0.05). The incidences of cholecystitis and jaundice in the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Conclusion:Gallbladder stones are one of the causative factors of gallbladder carcinoma.Early diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma is difficult.Patients with high-risk gallbladder stones who are old, have a long history of gallbladder stones, multiple stones, large stone diameters, and thick gallbladder walls should actively undergo surgical intervention.

Objective To assess the association between early adiposity rebound (AR) and indices of obesity and metabolic risk in 5-year-old children. Methods Based on Ma’anshan Birth Cohort Study (MABC), single live births born in Ma'anshan of Anhui province from October 2013 to April 2015 were followed for up to 5 years consecutively. As of August 2019, 720 children with continuous measurements (≥8 times) and metabolic indicators were obtained. Physical examination and laboratory tests were used to obtain information on the birth status, length/height, weight, waist circumference, body composition and metabolic indicators of children. The 2 test, F test, t-test, non-parametric test, general linear model and logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. Results 43.5% of the children had AR≤4 years. After controlling for gender, it was found that earlier AR was associated with overweight/obesity (OR=2.71, 95%CI: 1.81~4.05), larger waist circumference (OR=1.88, 95%CI: 1.25~2.82), and body fat percentage ≥90th percentile (OR=2.09, 95%CI: 1.26~3.48). In the earlier AR group, the insulin resistance and metabolic score were higher, but the difference was not statistically significant. At 5 years of age, the prevalence of obesity and overweight was 6.0% and 12.8%, respectively. Children with overweight/obesity, larger waist circumference, higher waist-to-weight ratio and body fat percentage ≥ 90th percentile were associated with higher insulin resistance and metabolic score, and all the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.001). Conclusion Earlier AR increased the risk of overweight/obesity, larger waist circumference, and body fat percentage ≥90th percentile at age of 5 years. Each index of the commonly used measures of childhood obesity was closely related with insulin resistance and metabolic risk factors at 5 years old.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous nephroscopy in the treatment of retroperitioneal abscess after common bile duct exploration. Methods: The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 13 patients with retroperitioneal abscess after common bile duct exploration who were admitted to Xinjiang Autonomous Region Hospital of Chinese People′s Armed Forces between January 2004 and December 2018 were collected.There were 5 males and 8 females, aged from 34 to 81 years, with an average age of 57 years. All the 13 patients underwent debridement and drainage for retroperitioneal abscess under percutaneous nephroscope. Observation indicators: (1) surgical and postoperative situations; (2) follow-up. Follow-up was performed using outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect postoperative choledocholithiasis recurrence up to September 2019. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range). Count data were described as absolute numbers. Results: (1) Surgical and postoperative situations: all the 13 patients underwent successfully debridement and drainage for retroperitioneal abscess under percutaneous nephroscope, without kidney injury, pancreatic damage, vascular injury or peritoneal damage. There were 11 cases with 1 drainage tube, and 2 cases with 2 drainage tubes. The operation time, volume of intraoperative pus extracted, time to body temperature resuming to normal of 13 patients were 41 minutes (range, 24-77 minutes), 241 mL (range, 110-640 mL), 1.5 days (range, 1.0-4.0 days), respectively. The time to postoperative removal of drainage tube of 13 patients was 42 days(range, 5-94 days), in which the time to postoperative removal of drainage tube at right iliac region was 5 days and 11 days in 2 patients, and at lower back was 23-94 days in 11 patients, respectively. Duration of postoperative hospital stay was 42 days (range, 26-67 days). All the 13 patients had pleural effusion disappeared, and were cured and discharged. (2) Follow-up: 13 patients were followed up for 6-48 months, with a median time of 18 months. No recurrence occurred. Conclusion The treatment with percutaneous nephroscopy is safe and effective for retroperitioneal abscess after common bile duct exploration.