OBJECTIVES: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic degenerative diseases, with chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation as the major pathological changes. The mechanical stimulation can attenuate chondrocyte apoptosis and promote ECM synthesis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of primary cilia (PC) in mediating the effects of mechanical stimulation on OA progression. METHODS: In vivo, conditional knockout mice lacking intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88^flox/flox IFT88 knockout; i.e., primary cilia-deficient mice) were generated, with wild-type mice as controls. OA models were established via anterior cruciate ligament transection combined with destabilization of the medial meniscus, followed by treadmill exercise intervention. OA progression was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, safranin O-fast green staining, and immunohistochemistry; apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining; and limb function by rotarod testing. In vitro, primary articular chondrocytes were isolated from mice and transfected with lentiviral vectors to suppress IFT88 expression, thereby constructing a primary cilia-deficient cell model. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was used to induce an inflammatory environment, while cyclic tensile strain (CTS) was applied via a cell stretcher to mimic mechanical loading on chondrocytes. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to detect the protein expression levels of type II collagen α1 chain (COL2A1), primary cilia, IFT88, and caspase-12; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess COL2A1 mRNA levels; and flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis. RESULTS: In vivo, treadmill exercise significantly reduced Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores and apoptotic cell rates, and improved balance ability in wild-type OA mice, whereas IFT88-deficient OA mice showed no significant improvement. In vitro, CTS inhibited IL-1β-induced ECM degradation and apoptosis in primary chondrocytes; however, this protective effect was abolished in cells with suppressed primary cilia expression. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical stimulation delays OA progression by mediating signal transduction through primary cilia, thereby inhibiting cartilage degeneration and chondrocyte apoptosis.
Animals ; Chondrocytes/cytology* ; Apoptosis/physiology* ; Mice ; Cilia/metabolism* ; Osteoarthritis/pathology* ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism* ; Mice, Knockout ; Disease Progression ; Interleukin-1beta ; Male ; Cells, Cultured

Tuochuang Shengji therapy (the therapy of supporting sores and generating muscle) belongs to the "tonic method" of internal treatment of TCM surgical sores and ulcers. Its meaning is to strengthen the healthy qi and discharge purulent, remove the rot and promote the growth of the muscle. The representative prescriptions include Tuoli Xiaodu Powder, Huangqi Decoction, Painong Neituo Powder, Shengong Neituo Powder, etc., mostly with Astragali Radix, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix and other tonic drugs, supplemented by Gleditsiae Spina, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and other anti-pathogenic factor drugs to strengthen the the healthy qi and discharge purulent. The main mechanism of Tuochuang Shengji method in the treatment of refractory wounds include anticoagulation in the hemostasis stage, anti-inflammation and bacteriostasis in the inflammation stage, promoting angiogenesis in the proliferation stage, and promoting granulation tissue growth and re-epithelialization in the remodeling stage. The existing research on the understanding of Tuochuang Shengji therapy is mostly the method of tonifying qi and supporting sores, and there is few related literature on the remaining treatment methods. In the future, the integrity and systematicness of TCM should be paid attention to, the multi-component analysis of Tuochuang Shengji compound and the continuous research on the upstream and downstream of signaling pathways should be strengthened, the quality of research should be improved.

Objective     To investigate the safety and feasibility of day surgery for patients with palmar hyperhidrosis based on the principles of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). Methods     We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy (ETS) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from March 2020 to December 2021. Patients were divided into a day surgery group and a conventional group according to their perioperative management methods. The patients in the day surgery group underwent an optimized perioperative procedure under the guidance of ERAS, and were ventilated with a laryngeal or face mask during the operation. The patients in the conventional group completed the preoperative examination, operation and postoperative observation according to the conventional procedures, and were intubated with a single-lumen endotracheal tube. The demographic characteristics, operation time, hospital stay, postoperative complications, and hospitalization cost were compared between the two groups. Results     Finally 172 patients were collected, including 90 males and 82 females, with an average age of 25.97±7.43 years. There were 86 patients in each group. All patients ceased suffering from palmar sweating after surgery. No patient experienced massive bleeding or conversion to thoracotomy. There was no statistical difference in operation time between the two groups (P=0.534). Patients in the day surgery group were discharged within 24 hours. The average hospital stay in the conventional group was 2.09±0.41 days. Incidence of postoperative respiratory complications, and the hospitalization cost of the day surgery group were significantly lower than those of the conventional group (P<0.001). The satisfaction rate in both groups was greater than 95%. Conclusion     Day surgery for patients with palmar hyperhidrosis based on the principles of ERAS is safe and feasible, which can reduce postoperative complications, shorten the length of hospital stay and save the cost of hospitalization.

Objective:The extensive development of anatomical pulnonary segmentectomy requires thoracic surgeons to be familiar with the anatomical variations of the lung segment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the anatomical patterns of the right upper lobe lung segment using three-dimensional reconstruction, and to count rare variant types.Methods:From October 2017 to March 2020, 101 patients with small pulmonary nodules who were undergo segmental resection in our center were subjected to preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction of the lung structure, and the reconstruction data was retained for the statistics and analysis of the anatomical structure in the right upper lung lobe.Results:The right upper lobe bronchus is the most common with three branches(77/101), followed by two branches(16/101) and four branches(7/101). The two branches(70/101) of the right upper lobe pulmonary artery are the most common, followed by single branch(19/101) and three branches(11/101). In rare cases, four branches(1/101 cases) can be seen. The two branches(63/101) of the right upper pulmonary vein were the most common, followed by three branches(32/101) and single branch(6/101). In addition, a total of 12 rare mutations were counted. There were 2 variants in the bronchus, totaling 2 cases; 4 rare variants in the pulmonary artery, 13 cases total; 6 rare variants in the pulmonary vein, 10 cases total.Conclusion:The lung anatomy is complex and has many variations. The surgeon should fully grasp the anatomical structure of the lung segment of the patient's operating area before surgery, the data in this article will be a valuable reference for thoracic surgeons to carry out the upper right lobe segmentectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the application of panning axial turnover in placement of surgical positions before thoracic surgery. Methods: From June 2017 to September 2017, altogether 140 patients who underwent thoracic surgery were enrolled in and randomly divided into two groups: the observation group and the control group. The control group was treated with traditional turnover method, while the observation group were treated with axial turnover. Results: No significant changes were found in blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate (P>0.05) after turning over. There was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group about turn over time, (7.06±0.78)s vs. (7.01±0.81)s (P>0.05). The subjective evaluation results of the medical staff in the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group (Z=-7.111, P<0.01) and the shift rate of double-lumen endotracheal tube in the observation group was 3.7% (2/54), which was significantly lower than 21.6% (11/51) of the control group (χ²=6.158, P<0.05). Conclusions The panning axial turnover properly guided the turn-over work with the principle of human body mechanics, which was more labor-saving and requires less operators. Besides, the panning axial turnover effectively reduced the double-lumen tracheal intubation shift rate. It′s worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To explore the application of the standard of Chinese lymph node dissection in minimally invasive esophagectomy.Methods Methods Between April 2014 to September 2015,63 patients with esophageal carcinoma received minimally invasive esophagectomy by the same group of surgeons.Wedescribed in detail the methods of thoracic esophagus mobilization and lymph node dissection in the peri-esophageal space.We analyzed the surgical effect,postoperative complications and follow-up results.Resnits The average operation time was(280.48 ± 44.28) mins,the median intraoperative blood loss was 100 ml,the mean number of lymph nodes was 22.25-± 11.18;the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection in 28.57％,hoarseness was 17.46％,anastomotic leakage was 12.70％,postoperative 1 year survival rate was 84.1％,3 year survival rate of 61.1％.Conclusion Mobilization of thoracic esophagus based on peri-esophageal space and dissection lymph nodes guided by the Chinese standard of grouping lymph node would achieve good clinical effects.