Objective:To analyze the results of detection and determinants of thyroid nodules among civil pilots, and to provide evidence for health management and aeromedical support.Methods:The results of health examination and flight data of 2 451 pilots at Xiamen Airlines Co., Ltd. collected between July 1, 2021 and June 30, 2022 was retrospectively analyzed. These pilots were divided into a non-nodule group and a nodule group based on thyroid ultrasound findings. Gender,age, flying hours, body mass index, prevalence of hypertension, blood routine parameters, lipid profiles, liver and kidney function, fasting plasma glucose, and long-haul flight frequency were compared between the 2 groups. Multivariate Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for thyroid nodules.Results:Among the 2 397 civil pilots, 2 301 were in the non-nodule group and 96 in the nodule group, with a detection rate of 4.01%. Most of these nodules were solitary and small (<1 cm in diameter, 52.08%), and classified as Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 (likely benign, 53.13%). Detection rates of nodules were significantly higher among clivil pilots of older age or with longer flying hours ( χ2=25.17,36.86,both P<0.001). Overweight/obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, and frequent long-haul flights were also associated with higher prevalence of thyroid nodules ( χ2=14.81, 6.17, 10.86, 11.57, 4.12, P<0.001,=0.013, 0.001, 0.001,0.042). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis pointed to the following independent risk factors: flying hours of 10 001-15 000 ( OR=4.005, 95% CI: 1.952-8.216) and over 15 000 ( OR=5.220, 95% CI: 2.415-11.285), overweight/obesity ( OR=1.646, 95% CI: 1.052-2.576) and hyperuricaemia ( OR=1.838, 95% CI: 1.204-2.804). Conclusions:The detection rate of thyroid nodules among civil pilots is relatively low. The occurrence is linked to advanced age, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and long-haul flight frequency, with cumulative flying hours, overweight/obesity and hyperuricemia as key risk factors. Aviation healthcare providers and medical examiners should provide targeted guidance and interventions related to modifiable risk factors to safeguard clivil pilots′ occupational health.

Objective To evaluate the reliability of Vitek 2 AST-N335 card for determining the susceptibility of Acinetobacter bauman-nii(AB)to cefoperazone/sulbactam.Methods A total of 318 non-repeated clinical isolates of AB collected in 2023 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to cefoperazone/sulbactam using broth microdilution(BMD),the AST-N335 card,and the Kirby-Bauer(K-B)disk diffusion method.Using BMD as the reference method,the reliability of AST-N335 card was assessed,and the accuracy of K-B disk diffusion method as the confirmatory test was validated.Results Compared with BMD,the susceptibility testing of 318 AB strains to cefoperazone/sulbactam using the AST-N335 card showed categorical agreement(CA)of 87.8％(279/318),very major er-ror(VME)of 6.0％(19/318),major error(ME)of 0％(0/318),and minor error(mE)of 1.9％(6/318),which fall outside of the acceptable error range.In contrast,the K-B method achieved CA of 99.4％(316/318),VME of 0％,ME of 0.3％(1/318),and mE of 0.3％(1/318),all within acceptable limits.Of these,the errors with AST-N335 card occurred within the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)range of 8-32 μg/mL.Using BMD as the reference method,further analysis was performed on the 171 AB strains with AST-N335 card MIC values of 8-32 μg/mL for cefoperazone/sulbactam.It was revealed that at MIC of 32 μg/mL,the CA was 0％;at MIC of 16 μg/mL,CA was 5.3％(1/19)and VME rate was 84.2％(16/19),both of which substantially exceeded accepta-ble error ranges.At MIC of 8 μg/mL,the CA was 94.9％(131/138)and VME was 2.2％(3/138),both approaching the acceptable ranges.Conclusion The results obtained with Vitek 2 AST-N335 card in determining for cefoperazone/sulbactam are unreliable when the MIC values fall within the range of 8-32 μg/mL,which leads to an underestimation of the resistance rate to cefoperazone/sulbac-tam.This issue requires urgent attention in both laboratories and clinical practice.The K-B disk diffusion method could serve as a sup-plementary verification approach in routine laboratories.

Objective To evaluate the reliability of Vitek 2 AST-N335 card for determining the susceptibility of Acinetobacter bauman-nii(AB)to cefoperazone/sulbactam.Methods A total of 318 non-repeated clinical isolates of AB collected in 2023 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to cefoperazone/sulbactam using broth microdilution(BMD),the AST-N335 card,and the Kirby-Bauer(K-B)disk diffusion method.Using BMD as the reference method,the reliability of AST-N335 card was assessed,and the accuracy of K-B disk diffusion method as the confirmatory test was validated.Results Compared with BMD,the susceptibility testing of 318 AB strains to cefoperazone/sulbactam using the AST-N335 card showed categorical agreement(CA)of 87.8％(279/318),very major er-ror(VME)of 6.0％(19/318),major error(ME)of 0％(0/318),and minor error(mE)of 1.9％(6/318),which fall outside of the acceptable error range.In contrast,the K-B method achieved CA of 99.4％(316/318),VME of 0％,ME of 0.3％(1/318),and mE of 0.3％(1/318),all within acceptable limits.Of these,the errors with AST-N335 card occurred within the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)range of 8-32 μg/mL.Using BMD as the reference method,further analysis was performed on the 171 AB strains with AST-N335 card MIC values of 8-32 μg/mL for cefoperazone/sulbactam.It was revealed that at MIC of 32 μg/mL,the CA was 0％;at MIC of 16 μg/mL,CA was 5.3％(1/19)and VME rate was 84.2％(16/19),both of which substantially exceeded accepta-ble error ranges.At MIC of 8 μg/mL,the CA was 94.9％(131/138)and VME was 2.2％(3/138),both approaching the acceptable ranges.Conclusion The results obtained with Vitek 2 AST-N335 card in determining for cefoperazone/sulbactam are unreliable when the MIC values fall within the range of 8-32 μg/mL,which leads to an underestimation of the resistance rate to cefoperazone/sulbac-tam.This issue requires urgent attention in both laboratories and clinical practice.The K-B disk diffusion method could serve as a sup-plementary verification approach in routine laboratories.

Objective:To analyze the results of detection and determinants of thyroid nodules among civil pilots, and to provide evidence for health management and aeromedical support.Methods:The results of health examination and flight data of 2 451 pilots at Xiamen Airlines Co., Ltd. collected between July 1, 2021 and June 30, 2022 was retrospectively analyzed. These pilots were divided into a non-nodule group and a nodule group based on thyroid ultrasound findings. Gender,age, flying hours, body mass index, prevalence of hypertension, blood routine parameters, lipid profiles, liver and kidney function, fasting plasma glucose, and long-haul flight frequency were compared between the 2 groups. Multivariate Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for thyroid nodules.Results:Among the 2 397 civil pilots, 2 301 were in the non-nodule group and 96 in the nodule group, with a detection rate of 4.01%. Most of these nodules were solitary and small (<1 cm in diameter, 52.08%), and classified as Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 (likely benign, 53.13%). Detection rates of nodules were significantly higher among clivil pilots of older age or with longer flying hours ( χ2=25.17,36.86,both P<0.001). Overweight/obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, and frequent long-haul flights were also associated with higher prevalence of thyroid nodules ( χ2=14.81, 6.17, 10.86, 11.57, 4.12, P<0.001,=0.013, 0.001, 0.001,0.042). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis pointed to the following independent risk factors: flying hours of 10 001-15 000 ( OR=4.005, 95% CI: 1.952-8.216) and over 15 000 ( OR=5.220, 95% CI: 2.415-11.285), overweight/obesity ( OR=1.646, 95% CI: 1.052-2.576) and hyperuricaemia ( OR=1.838, 95% CI: 1.204-2.804). Conclusions:The detection rate of thyroid nodules among civil pilots is relatively low. The occurrence is linked to advanced age, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and long-haul flight frequency, with cumulative flying hours, overweight/obesity and hyperuricemia as key risk factors. Aviation healthcare providers and medical examiners should provide targeted guidance and interventions related to modifiable risk factors to safeguard clivil pilots′ occupational health.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety between high-dose intravenous iron and oral iron in treating iron deficiency anemia (IDA) .Methods:This prospective randomized controlled study (1∶1) enrolled 338 patients with IDA at The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Hongci Hematology Hospital, and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital from June 1, 2022, to January 19, 2024. Of all the patients, 169 received high-dose intravenous iron therapy and 169 received oral iron treatment for 12 weeks of observation. Focus on the hemoglobin (HGB) change from baseline to week 4, secondary focus was on the HGB and iron metabolism parameters (serum iron [SI], transferrin saturation [TSAT], total iron binding force [TIBC], serum ferritin [SF]), and changes in the fatigue score, efficacy, and treatment-related adverse effects were monitored throughout in the two treatment groups.Results:The HGB levels were improved in both treatments, but the HGB improved faster in the intravenous group compared with the oral group. HGB increased from (76.8±15.0) g/L to (118.0±13.3) g/L in the intravenous group and from (77.9±11.6) g/L to (104.3±15.0) g/L in the oral group after 4 weeks of treatment. The increase from baseline in the intravenous group (40.7±17.3) g/L was significantly higher than that in the oral group (27.2±17.5) g/L ( P<0.001). The intravenous group demonstrated a more significant early effect than the oral group in terms of iron metabolism parameter improvement. SI, TSAT, TBIC, and SF increased better from baseline at 4 weeks in the intravenous group than in the oral group ( P<0.001). Additionally, the intravenous group exhibited better fatigue scores for early improvement than the oral group ( P<0.001). The incidence of total adverse effects was similar in the intravenous group as compared to the oral group (3.5% [6/169] vs 5.9% [10/169], P=0.442) . Conclusion:High doses of intravenous iron quickly boost HGB early, causing rapid improvement in SI, TSAT, TBIC, SF, and patient fatigue scores. The patient was well tolerated.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-ALL) .Methods:Patients with Ph-ALL who underwent CAR-T therapy followed by allo-HSCT from March 2018 to August 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were included, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Of the 21 patients, 14 were male and 7 were female. The median age at the time of CAR-T therapy was 22 (6-50) years. Seven patients had ABL1-like rearrangements, and 14 had JAK-STAT rearrangements. Prior to CAR-T therapy, 12 patients experienced hematologic relapse; 7 were multiparameter flow cytometry minimal residual disease (MFC-MRD) -positive and 2 were MFC-MRD-negative. CAR-T cells were derived from patients’ autologous lymphocytes. Nine patients were treated with CD19 CAR-T cells, and 12 were treated with CD19/CD22 CAR-T cells. After assessment on day 28 after CAR-T therapy, 95.2% of the patients achieved complete remission, with an MRD-negative remission rate of 75%. Nineteen patients developed grade 0–2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and 2 patients suffered grade 3 CRS, all cases of which resolved after treatment. All patients underwent allo-HSCT after CAR-T therapy. The median time from CAR-T therapy to allo-HSCT was 63 (38-114) days. Five patients experienced relapse after CAR-T therapy, including four with hematologic relapse and one with molecular relapse. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates in the ABL1 and JAK-STAT groups were (83.3±15.2) % and (66.6±17.2) %, respectively ( P=0.68) . The 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were (50.0±20.4) % and (55.6±15.4) % in the ABL1 and JAK-STAT groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in 3-year OS or RFS between the two groups. Conclusions:CAR-T therapy followed by allo-HSCT leads to rapid remission in most patients with Ph-ALL and prolongs leukemia-free survival.

Objective:To clarify the application effect of information-guided enteral nutrition-associated diarrhea (ENAD) management process in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing non-invasive assisted ventilation.Methods:A mixed cohort study of pre- and post-control was conducted. Thirty-nine patients with COPD who were admitted to the emergency intensive care unit (ICU) of Huzhou First People's Hospital from July 1, 2021 to July 31, 2022 were enrolled. Taking the completion of the software development of ENAD management software for critically ill patients on January 28, 2022 as the time node, 20 patients admitted from July 1, 2021 to January 28, 2022 were set as the control group, and 19 patients admitted from January 29 to July 31, 2022 were set as the observation group. The two groups of patients received the same enteral nutrition support treatment, and the control group implemented the conventional ENAD treatment process with enteral nutrition intolerance disposal process as the core. On the basis of the control group, the observation group implemented the information-guided ENAD treatment process, and the system software actively captured the information of ENAD patients and reminded the medical team to improve the patient's diarrhea-related examination and provide alternative treatment plans. The duration of antidiarrhea, feeding interruption rate, and energy and protein intake, blood biochemical indexes, incidence of abnormal blood electrolyte metabolism, daily continuous non-invasive assisted ventilation and endotracheal intubation after 7 days of targeted diarrhea intervention were compared between the two groups.Results:Except for the basal pulse rate, there were no significant differences in gender distribution, age, and vital signs, basic nutritional status, arterial blood gas analysis and blood biochemistry at admission between the two groups, indicating comparability between the two groups. When ENAD occurred, the patients in the observation group obtained earlier cessation of diarrhea than those in the control group [days: 3.00 (2.00, 3.25) vs. 4.00 (3.00, 5.00), P < 0.01], and the feeding interruption rate was significantly lower than that in the control group [10.53% (2/19) vs. 65.00% (13/20), P < 0.01]. After 7 days of diarrhea intervention, the energy intake of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group [kJ·kg -1·d -1: 66.28 (43.34, 70.36) vs. 47.88 (34.60, 52.32), P < 0.01], the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (Alb) and serum prealbumin (PAB) were significantly higher than those in the control group [Hb (g/L): 119.79±10.04 vs. 110.20±7.75, Alb (g/L): 36.00 (33.75, 37.25) vs. 31.00 (30.00, 33.00), PAB (mg/L): 155.79±25.78 vs. 140.95±14.97, all P < 0.05], the daily continuous non-invasive assisted ventilation duration was significantly shorter than that of the control group [hours: 14 (12, 16) vs. 16 (14, 18), P < 0.01], and the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) was significantly lower than that of the control group [mmHg (1 mmHg ≈ 0.133 kPa): 66.00 (62.00, 70.00) vs. 68.00 (67.50, 70.05), P < 0.05]. However, there were no significant differences in protein intake, incidence of abnormal electrolyte metabolism, and incidence of endotracheal intubation due to acute respiratory failure between the two groups. Conclusion:The information-guided ENAD treatment process can enable the COPD patients undergoing continuous non-invasive assisted ventilation who experience ENAD to receive earlier cessation of diarrhea, and improve the protein energy metabolism and respiratory function of the patients.

Objective:This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety between high-dose intravenous iron and oral iron in treating iron deficiency anemia (IDA) .Methods:This prospective randomized controlled study (1∶1) enrolled 338 patients with IDA at The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Hongci Hematology Hospital, and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital from June 1, 2022, to January 19, 2024. Of all the patients, 169 received high-dose intravenous iron therapy and 169 received oral iron treatment for 12 weeks of observation. Focus on the hemoglobin (HGB) change from baseline to week 4, secondary focus was on the HGB and iron metabolism parameters (serum iron [SI], transferrin saturation [TSAT], total iron binding force [TIBC], serum ferritin [SF]), and changes in the fatigue score, efficacy, and treatment-related adverse effects were monitored throughout in the two treatment groups.Results:The HGB levels were improved in both treatments, but the HGB improved faster in the intravenous group compared with the oral group. HGB increased from (76.8±15.0) g/L to (118.0±13.3) g/L in the intravenous group and from (77.9±11.6) g/L to (104.3±15.0) g/L in the oral group after 4 weeks of treatment. The increase from baseline in the intravenous group (40.7±17.3) g/L was significantly higher than that in the oral group (27.2±17.5) g/L ( P<0.001). The intravenous group demonstrated a more significant early effect than the oral group in terms of iron metabolism parameter improvement. SI, TSAT, TBIC, and SF increased better from baseline at 4 weeks in the intravenous group than in the oral group ( P<0.001). Additionally, the intravenous group exhibited better fatigue scores for early improvement than the oral group ( P<0.001). The incidence of total adverse effects was similar in the intravenous group as compared to the oral group (3.5% [6/169] vs 5.9% [10/169], P=0.442) . Conclusion:High doses of intravenous iron quickly boost HGB early, causing rapid improvement in SI, TSAT, TBIC, SF, and patient fatigue scores. The patient was well tolerated.

Patients with lymphoid hematologic malignancies have a poor prognosis after developing SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their seropositivity rate after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is lower than that of the healthy population. Since most clinical trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines do not include immunodeficient populations, the safety and efficacy of various types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for patients with lymphoid hematologic malignancies are unclear. Therefore, physicians should decide whether patients with lymphoid hematologic malignancies receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and the timing, type and dose of vaccine after taking into full consideration the patient's immune status, type of treatment and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.