Objective To investigate the effect of salidroside(SAL)on the proliferation and migration of human vascular endothelial cell line EA.hy926.Methods The cells were divided into control group and test groups of 1,10 and 100 nmol/L SAL,10 nmol/L SAL+2 μg/mL avastin(vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)blocker)group,10 nmol/L SAL+2 μg/mL IgG(blocker negative control)group,10 nmol/L SAL+8 μg/mL avastin group,10 nmol/L SAL+8 μg/mL IgG group,10 μmol/L YC-1[hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)blocker]group and 10 μmol/L YC-1+10 nmol/L SAL group.The proliferation and migration of EA.hy926 cells were detected by MTS assay and Transwell cell migration experiments.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to measure the gene and protein level of HIF-1α and VEGF.The luciferase report gene experiment was used to find the effect of SAL on HIF-1α transcription activity of EA.hy926 cells.The guanylate cyclase activator(YC-1)was used as a HIF-1α blocker to verify potential effect of SAL on the expression of VEGF through HIF-1α.Results SAL significantly promoted proliferation of EA.hy926 cells(P＜0.05)and the proliferation promoting effect of SAL(10 nmol/L)was significantly reduced by the VEGF blocker bevacizumab avastin(2 μg/mL)(P＜0.05).SAL significantly promoted migration of EA.hy926 cells(P＜0.05),and this effect was significantly inhibited by avastin(8 μg/mL)(P＜0.05).SAL increased the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF gene and protein,and promoted the transcription of HIF-1α(P＜0.05).The level of HIF-1α and VEGF protein decreased by YC-1,a HIF-1α bloc-ker(P＜0.05).Conclusions HIF-1α/VEGF pathway is potentially involved in SAL promoted proliferation and migration of EA.hy926 cells.

Peri-implantitis is one of the most important biological complications in the field of oral implantology. Identifying the causative factors of peri-implant inflammation and osteolysis is crucial for the disease's prevention and treatment. The underlying risk factors and detailed pathogenesis of peri-implantitis remain to be elucidated. Titanium-based implants as the most widely used implant inevitably release titanium particles into the surrounding tissue. Notably, the concentration of titanium particles increases significantly at peri-implantitis sites, suggesting titanium particles as a potential risk factor for the condition. Previous studies have indicated that titanium particles can induce peripheral osteolysis and foster the development of aseptic osteoarthritis in orthopedic joint replacement. However, it remains unconfirmed whether this phenomenon also triggers inflammation and bone resorption in peri-implant tissues. This review summarizes the distribution of titanium particles around the implant, the potential roles in peri-implantitis and the prevalent prevention strategies, which expects to provide new directions for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of peri-implantitis.
Humans ; Peri-Implantitis/pathology* ; Titanium/pharmacology* ; Dental Implants/adverse effects* ; Osteolysis/pathology* ; Inflammation/chemically induced*

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of EVT in mild stroke patients with ALVO.Methods A total of 124 mild stroke patients with ALVO treated in our hospital were enrolled and randomly divided into control group(n=64)and observation group(n=60).The control group was given routine treatment,while the observation group received EVT treat-ment besides routine treatment.NIHSS score,BI score,and mRS score were compared between the two groups to evaluate the postoperative safety of EVT treatment.Results The NIHSS scores on the 7th and 14th days,and at discharge were significantly lower in the observation group and control group than those at admission(P＜0.05),and those of the former group were obvi-ously decreased than those of the latter group at the corresponding time points(P＜0.01).On the 7th,14th,and discharge days,the BI score of both groups were significantly increased compared to those at admission(P＜0.05),with the scores in the observation group higher than those of the control group at above time points(P＜0.01).The ratio of the patients having mRS score ≤2 point was larger in the observation group than the control group(96.67％vs 84.38％,P＜0.05).One case in the observation group experienced asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,and no oth-er adverse events were observed.Conclusion EVT can improve the prognosis of mild stroke pa-tients with ALVO,but does not significantly increases the incidence of adverse events.

The reconstruction of tactile function during the repair of skin damage caused by factors including burns is inseparable from the functional regeneration of tactile receptor Merkel cells. Merkel cells mainly exist in the basal layer of the epidermis and are closely connected with nerves to form Merkel cell-nerve complexes, which play an important role in biological organisms. A large number of studies have shown that Merkel cells conduct precise transmission of mechanical force stimuli through the mechanically gated ion channels PIEZO2, and perform the function of tactile receptors. In this paper, we discussed the characteristics of Merkel cells and analyzed the different subgroups that may possibly exist in this type of cells and their functions, at the same time, we investigated the animal model research of touch-related diseases and the clinical diseases related to touch, revealing the importance of Merkel cell function research.
Animals ; Ion Channels/metabolism* ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular/physiology* ; Merkel Cells/physiology* ; Skin/metabolism* ; Touch/physiology*

Liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis stage in patients with chronic hepatitis B, but it has certain limitations due to its invasiveness. At present, elastography and serological examination have the advantages of convenience, good repeatability, and dynamic testing and are thus widely used in clinical practice. The accuracy of testing has been supported by a large number of studies, and they have been gradually recommended by various guidelines and expert consensus. However, the diagnostic accuracy of the two methods is affected by factors such as inflammation, obesity, ascites, eating, and intercostal space stenosis, and elastography combined with serological examination can greatly improve the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of liver fibrosis staging. With reference to related articles in China and globally, this article reviews the problems of the two methods in the staging of chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of stent implantation combined with drug therapy and drug therapy alone in patients with vertebral artery initial stenosis.Methods:A total of 112 patients with vertebral artery initial stenosis who were treated in Wuzhou Workers′ Hospital from January 2016 to June 2018 were selected and divided into drug group and stent + drug group according to random number table method, with 56 patients in each group. The drug group received drug therapy alone, and stent + drug group received stent implantation combined with drug therapy. The incidence of ischemic events in posterior circulation, the improvement of vascular stenosis rate and the improvement of neurological function injury were observed in the two groups after 12 months of treatment.Results:The success rate in the stent + drug group was 100.0%(56/56). The rate of vascular stenosis in the stent + drug group was lower than that in the drug group: (15.21 ± 3.74)% vs. (18.62 ± 4.27)% ; but the incidence of restenosis was higher than that in the drug group:26.79%(15/56) vs. 7.14%(4/56), the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The total incidence of ischemic events in the posterior circulation after treatment in the stent + drug group was lower than that in the drug group: 8.93%(5/56) vs. 28.57%(16/56), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 7.092, P = 0.008). After treatment, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) in the stent + drug group were lower than those in the drug group: (2.30 ± 0.36) scores vs. (3.75 ± 0.52) scores, (4.11 ± 0.51) scores vs.(6.14 ± 0.57) scores, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of stent implantation combined with drug regimen in the treatment of patients with vertebral artery initial stenosis can effectively reduce the neurological damage of patients, andimprove the total effective rate, which is conductive to the improvement of patients′ quality of life, but the rate of stent restenosis is high.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) on some inflammatory mediators during the progression of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) and its clinical significance. MethodsA total of 15 patients with HAE who underwent partial liver resection in Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital from June 2018 to September 2019 were enrolled, and the marginal zone of HAE lesion was resected as AE group; 15 normal liver tissue samples collected during the same period of time were selected as control group. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to measure the protein and mRNA expression of protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, and glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP-78), and q-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups; a Pearson correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between two variables. ResultsCompared with the control group, the AE group had significantly higher protein expression levels of PERK, CHOP, caspase-12, and GRP78 (U=4.165, 3.461, 2.577, and 3.344, all P＜0.001) and their mRNA expression levels (t= 34003, 4.461, 53.573, and 55.224, all P＜0.001). The AE group had significantly higher mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF than the control group (t=6.090, 12.578, and 53.573, all P＜0.001). The protein expression levels of PERK, CHOP, caspase-12, and GRP-78 were positively correlated with the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF (all r＞0.700, all P≤0.05). ConclusionPositive correlation is observed between the activation of ERS and inflammatory mediators in HAE, and excessive activation of ERS can change the secretion of several inflammatory mediators to exacerbate liver injury, while further studies are needed to clarify the specific mechanism.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and prognosis in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 242 patients who were admitted to Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, from January 2015 to December 2018 and underwent surgery for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, and SII was calculated. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups, and a Spearman correlation analysis was performed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off value of SII; the Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves and analyze overall survival time in the two groups, and the log-rank test was used for comparison of survival rates between the two groups; univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify the influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. ResultsThe Spearman correlation analysis showed that SII was positively correlated with the postoperative fatality rate of patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (r=0.267, P＜0.001). The ROC curve showed that the optimal cut-off value of SII before surgery was 758.92, and based on this, 242 patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis were divided into low SII (SII ≤758.92) group with 126 patients and high SII (SII ＞758.92) group with 116 patients. The low SII group had 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of 98.20%, 88.47%, and 6610%, respectively, and the high SII group had 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of 90.80%, 53.05%, and 27.40%, respectively. The low SII group had a cumulative survival rate of ＞50% and a mean survival time of 55.584 months (95% confidence interval［CI］: 53550-57.617), while the high SII group had a cumulative survival rate of ＜50%, a mean survival time of 39.384 months (95% CI: 35.070-43.698), and a median survival time of 43 months (95% CI: 34.694-51.306). The low SII group had a significantly better survival rate than the high SII group, and there was a significant difference in overall survival rate between the two groups (χ2=46.979, P＜005). The univariate analysis showed that SII ＞758.92 (hazard ratio ［HR］=5.907, 95% CI: 3.386-10.306, P=0.001) was an influencing factor for the overall survival time of patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, and the multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that preoperative peripheral blood SII (HR=3.507, 95% CI: 1.911-6.435, P=0.001) was an independent risk factor for the overall survival rate of patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. ConclusionPreoperative SII level is clearly correlated with the prognosis of patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis and can thus be used as a clinical indicator to evaluate the prognosis of patients. The higher the peripheral blood SII before surgery, the worse the prognosis of patients.

Benign biliary stricture (BBS) refers to complete or incomplete stricture of the biliary tract caused by a series of non-malignant diseases. BBS often has complex and diverse etiologies, and severe complications may occur if it is not adequately treated. Diagnostic methods currently used in clinical practice include imaging, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasonography, and choledochoscopy, and treatment methods include balloon dilatation, stent implantation, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, and surgical treatment. At present, endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of BBS has become the preferred method. However, there is still no clear classification of BBS, which needs further investigation. By consulting related literature in China and globally, this article summarizes the issues associated with the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of BBS.

Objective:To investigate the effect of 125I particles in alveolar echinococcosis with the animal model (nude mice and Sprague Dawley rats). Methods:Twenty 10 weeks nude mice with body weight ranged from 20 to 24 g were divided into three groups. Sixteen nude mice were divided into experimental group ( n=8), puncture group ( n=4) and model group ( n=4). There was no intervention in the model group and only particle puncture needle was used in the puncture group. 125I particles were implanted in the experimental group. 14 male Sprague Dawley rats without specific pathogen, with body weight 280-320 g, 12 weeks old, were used to construct the model of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Then the rats were divided into intervention group ( n=10) and control group ( n=4). In the intervention group, 125I particles were pushed into the lesions. The abdomen was only open and closed in the control group. All the mice were sacrificed 45 days after intervention. The tumor size was measured. The activity of protoscolex and pathological changes of Echinococcus multilocularis in each group were observed. Results:At the timepoint of 22nd, 30th and 40th day of intervention, the largest diameter of tumor in nude mice experimental group was (10.7±5.2) mm, (10.9±5.0) mm, (8.5±4.3) mm, smaller than that in puncture group (24.5±4.4) mm, (25.4±4.1) mm, (31.4±2.8) mm and model group (22.5±7.3) mm, (25.0±5.4) mm, (26.7±6.3) mm, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The number and activity of protoscoleces in experimental group were lower than those in puncture group and model group. Under the light microscope, the structure of echinococcus vesiculae and its body in the experimental group was obviously destroyed, and the cuticle and germinal layer of echinococcus vesiculae in the puncture group and the model group were normal, with multiple intact protoscoleces. The pathological changes of Sprague Dawley rats in the intervention group and the control group were basically the same as those in the nude mice model. Conclusion:The 125I particle radiation effect can kill Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and inhibit the growth of alveolar echinococcosis.