As the core vehicle for preserving and transmitting traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） academic thought and clinical experience， the establishment of a robust quality evaluation system for TCM clinical case reports is a crucial component in the current standardization and modernization of TCM. Based on the practical experience of constructing the China Clinical Cases Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of critical challenges， including insufficient authenticity and unfocused evaluation criteria. It proposed a three-dimensional evaluation framework grounded in the structure-process-outcome logic， encompassing three dimensions of authenticity and standardization， characteristics and advantages， application and translational impact. This framework integrated 12 key evaluation indicators in a systematic manner. The model preserved the academic characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment， while aligning with modern scientific research standards， achieving a balance between individualized TCM experience and standardized evaluation. Concurrently， this study provided theoretical foundations and methodological guidance for evaluating the quality of TCM clinical cases， contributing significantly to the inheritance of TCM knowledge， evidence-based practice， and the reform of talent evaluation mechanisms.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and related factors of sarcopenia among non–bedridden older adults in the community of Baoshan District using the China mini sarcopenia risk assessment 7 (C-MSRA-7) combined with Ishii scoring system. Methods The older individuals consulting at 20 community health stations in Baoshan District between April 2025 and June 2025 were enrolled. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, a dietary and lifestyle habits survey, the C-MSRA-7, and the mini nutritional assessment-short form (MNA-SF). Handgrip strength and anthropometric measurements were also obtained. Individuals with both Ishii score and C-MSRA-7 results positive were classified into the sarcopenia risk group, while the remaining participants were assigned to the non–sarcopenia risk group. Differences in lifestyle habits, dietary patterns, and nutritional status between the two groups were compared. Results A total of 2 611 valid questionnaires were retrieved. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in alcohol consumption, physical activity frequency, body mass index (BMI), nutritional status, activities of daily living, and regularity of three meals in sarcopenia risk group (n＝486) and non–sarcopenia risk group (n＝2 125, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age (75–84 years: OR＝2.55, 95%CI 2.03–3.21; ≥85 years: OR＝3.98, 95%CI 2.24–7.07), underweight status (OR＝2.19, 95%CI 1.50–3.19), weight loss＞2 kg (OR＝4.52, 95%CI 2.68–7.64) past 3 months, lack of regular physical activity (OR＝1.77, 95%CI 1.24–2.52) , and alcohol consumption (OR＝1.48, 95%CI 1.07–2.05) were independent risk factors for sarcopenia (P<0.05). Behaviors related to healthy diet, including daily milk consumption (OR＝0.40, 95%CI 0.30–0.52), regular three meals (OR＝0.56, 95%CI 0.41–0.78), and high-quality protein intake (OR＝0.70, 95%CI 0.52–0.94), were protective factors (P<0.05). Conclusions Sarcopenia among community–dwelling, non–bedridden older adults is closely associated with physical activity levels, dietary habits, and nutritional status. Early identification of individuals at risk, enhanced nutritional education, and timely implementation of nutritional interventions and exercise programs are recommended for this population.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a pathological state in which the cardiac ejection fraction is insufficient to meet an individual's metabolic needs owing to changes in the cardiac structure or function. Various etiologies such as myocardial infarction and inflammation are implicated, and the main symptoms are dyspnea, lower limb edema, fatigue, and discomfort during rest or exercise. CHF is the primary outcome of cardiovascular disease, and the increasing morbidity and mortality rates highlight the significant risks of this condition. According to traditional Chinese medicine, the pathogenesis of CHF is deficiency of heart qi and heart yang, which predominantly affects the heart, but may also impede the function of other zang-organs such as the spleen and kidney, and aggravate the symptoms of heart failure. With technological advancements and enhanced awareness of health conditions and disease prevention, China has promoted traditional medicine practices such as medicine and food homology (MFH), which has received increasing attention in recent years. This concept stipulates that certain medicines and foods have the same origin; ergo, these foods have medicinal properties, with many being used in the prevention and treatment of CHF. However, the efficacy and safety of MHF substances have yet to be determined, and there is no consensus regarding the development of disease prevention and treatment strategies. This article therefore reviews the current evidence for MFH in the prevention and treatment of CHF by summarizing the therapeutic potential of this practice and discussing treatment strategies and aims to improve the understanding of Chinese medicine and food homologous substances in the treatment of this condition, as well as highlight the current literature and avenues for future research.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of blinatumomab in adult patients with acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) by conducting a retrospective analysis of the clinical data from 16 patients with B-ALL receiving blinatumomab at the Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, from June 2022 to April 2024. Among the 16 patients, 10 were classified as relapsed/refractory B-ALL and 6 were newly diagnosed Ph - B-ALL. Of the 10 patients with relapsed/refractory B-ALL, 8 achieved complete remission (CR) and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity after one blinatumomab treatment cycle. In the 6 newly diagnosed patients, the bone marrow MRD was negative after one blinatumomab treatment cycle after initial induction chemotherapy followed by sequential blinatumomab treatment. Among them, four completed allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and continuously maintained CR. This indicates that blinatumomab exhibits a high remission rate in both patients with relapsed/refractory and newly diagnosed B-ALL, thereby providing the possibility of bridging to transplantation and extending patient survival, with manageable adverse reactions.

Purpose To investigate the clinical features of gastrointestinal leiomyomas(GLs)with scattered ex-pression of CD117 and DOG1,and to evaluate their biological behavior as well as their different diagnositic value from gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs).Methods Clinical data from 17 cases of surgically resected GLs were col-lected.Immunohistochemistry using the EnVision method was performed to detect SMA,desmin,h-caldesmon,DOG1,CD117,and CD34.First-generation sequencing was performed to analyze exons 9-20 of the KIT gene and ex-ons 12 and 18 of the PDGFRA gene.Results Tumors occured in the stomach(8 cases)and esophagus(9 cases).Clinical manifestations included dull upper abdominal pain,dysphagia,chest pain,and fever.During a follow-up peri-od of 58-88 months,no recurrence was observed,and all patients had a favorable prognosis.Histologically,tumor cells were spindle-shaped and arranged in bundles or a woven pattern.Interstitial cells of Cajal appeared spindle-shaped or stellate with indistinct borders and dispersed chromatin.Tumor cells showed diffuse positivity for SMA,desmin,and h-caldesmon(100％).Interstitial cells of Cajal exhibited focal positive for CD117 and DOG1,with an o-verall positive rate of 9％for each marker.No pathogenic mutations of the KIT or PDGFRA genes were detected by first-generation sequencing.Conclusion Although some GLs contained interstitial cells of Cajal that showed focal pos-itivity for CD117 and DOG1,sequencing and long-term follow-up confirmed that their biological behavior differed from that of GISTs,with no malignant potential.Surgical resection remained the mainstay of treatment,and the prognosis was favorable.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of adult large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement(LBCL-IRF4r).Methods Clinical data of 63 adult LBCL-IRF4r cases were collected.The EnVision two-step method was employed for immunohistochemical staining,and fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect rearrangements or deletions of the IRF4,BCL2,MYC,BCL6,and TP53 genes.The relationship be-tween clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed and compared with data from 132 adult non-specified dif-fuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)cases.Results Among the 63 adult LBCL-IRF4r patients,the male to female ratio was 1.1∶1,with a median age of 54.0 years(range 20-84 years),and 14 cases(22.2％)were＜40 years old,24 cases(38.1％)were between 40 and 60 years old,and 25 cases(39.7％)were＞60 years old.18 cases(28.6％)were involved in Waldeyer's ring,along with 8 cases(12.7％)in cervical lymph nodes,7 cases(11.1％)in other lymph nodes and lymphatic organs,13 cases(20.6％)in stomach,4 cases(6.4％)in intestine,and 13 cases(20.6％)in other extranodal sites.63 cases showed IRF4 rearrangements,with no BCL2 and MYC translocations(0/58),30.9％(17/55)had BCL6 translocations,and 16.3％(8/49)had TP53 deletions.59 pa-tients were followed up for a median of 28 months(range 1-65 months).48 patients(81.4％)achieved complete re-sponse,10 patients(16.9％)experienced disease progression or relapse,and 3 patients(5.1％)died.Univariate a-nalysis showed that lactate dehydrogenase level,Ann Arbor stage,international prognostic index(IPI)score,growth pattern,Hans classification,and double expression of BCL2 and C-MYC were significantly associated with progression-free survival.Age,Ann Arbor stage,and IPI score were significantly associated with overall survival.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that double expression of BCL2 and C-MYC was an independent prognostic factor for pro-gression-free survival.Adult LBCL-IRF4r had significantly higher complete response rate and progression-free survival than adult DLBCL.Conclusion LBCL-IRF4r occurs in adults of all age groups,commonly affecting Waldeyer's ring,cervical lymph nodes,and gastrointestinal tract,and has a favorable clinical prognosis.

Purpose To investigate the clinical,imaging,and pathological features of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease(KFD).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 123 pathologically confirmed KFD cases.Clinical and imaging data were collected,and histopathological features were evaluated using HE staining,immunohistochemistry,in situ hybridization for EBER,and molecular analyses(TCR/Ig gene rearrangements by PCR with capillary electro-phoresis).Results Among the 123 patients,the male-to-female ratio was 1∶2,with a median age of 30 years.All patients presented with lymphadenopathy.Among 30 hospitalized patients,63.3％(19/30)had fever,and 23.3％(7/30)had concurrent autoimmune diseases.Of the 12 patients who underwent PET-CT,91.7％(11/12)were sus-pected of malignancy,prompting biopsy recommendations.Among 47 consultation cases,27.7％(13/47)were ini-tially misdiagnosed as lymphoma.Histopathological examination revealed proliferative,necrotic,and xanthomatous phases,which coexisted or occurred independently.The proliferative phase was characterized by atypical lymphocytes and histiocytes,the necrotic phase by abundant eosinophilic fibrin deposits and nuclear debris,and the xanthomatous phase by clusters of foam-like histiocytes.Immunohistochemically analyses revealed that atypical lymphocytes were neg-ative for CD20,CD4,and CD56 but positive for CD3,CD8,TIA1,Granzyme B,and Perforin.Histiocytes expressed CD68,CD163,and MPO,while CD123-positive plasmacytoid dendritic cells were predominantly located around the le-sions and blood vessels.EBER was positive in individual cells in 4 cases.TCR gene rearrangement was positive in 2 cases and suspected positive in 3 cases,while Ig rearrangement was positive and suspected positive in 1 case each.Conclusion KFD exhibits clinical,imaging,and pathological features that can mimic lymphoma,highlighting the im-portance of accurate diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of adult large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement(LBCL-IRF4r).Methods Clinical data of 63 adult LBCL-IRF4r cases were collected.The EnVision two-step method was employed for immunohistochemical staining,and fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect rearrangements or deletions of the IRF4,BCL2,MYC,BCL6,and TP53 genes.The relationship be-tween clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed and compared with data from 132 adult non-specified dif-fuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)cases.Results Among the 63 adult LBCL-IRF4r patients,the male to female ratio was 1.1∶1,with a median age of 54.0 years(range 20-84 years),and 14 cases(22.2％)were＜40 years old,24 cases(38.1％)were between 40 and 60 years old,and 25 cases(39.7％)were＞60 years old.18 cases(28.6％)were involved in Waldeyer's ring,along with 8 cases(12.7％)in cervical lymph nodes,7 cases(11.1％)in other lymph nodes and lymphatic organs,13 cases(20.6％)in stomach,4 cases(6.4％)in intestine,and 13 cases(20.6％)in other extranodal sites.63 cases showed IRF4 rearrangements,with no BCL2 and MYC translocations(0/58),30.9％(17/55)had BCL6 translocations,and 16.3％(8/49)had TP53 deletions.59 pa-tients were followed up for a median of 28 months(range 1-65 months).48 patients(81.4％)achieved complete re-sponse,10 patients(16.9％)experienced disease progression or relapse,and 3 patients(5.1％)died.Univariate a-nalysis showed that lactate dehydrogenase level,Ann Arbor stage,international prognostic index(IPI)score,growth pattern,Hans classification,and double expression of BCL2 and C-MYC were significantly associated with progression-free survival.Age,Ann Arbor stage,and IPI score were significantly associated with overall survival.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that double expression of BCL2 and C-MYC was an independent prognostic factor for pro-gression-free survival.Adult LBCL-IRF4r had significantly higher complete response rate and progression-free survival than adult DLBCL.Conclusion LBCL-IRF4r occurs in adults of all age groups,commonly affecting Waldeyer's ring,cervical lymph nodes,and gastrointestinal tract,and has a favorable clinical prognosis.

Purpose To investigate the clinical,imaging,and pathological features of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease(KFD).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 123 pathologically confirmed KFD cases.Clinical and imaging data were collected,and histopathological features were evaluated using HE staining,immunohistochemistry,in situ hybridization for EBER,and molecular analyses(TCR/Ig gene rearrangements by PCR with capillary electro-phoresis).Results Among the 123 patients,the male-to-female ratio was 1∶2,with a median age of 30 years.All patients presented with lymphadenopathy.Among 30 hospitalized patients,63.3％(19/30)had fever,and 23.3％(7/30)had concurrent autoimmune diseases.Of the 12 patients who underwent PET-CT,91.7％(11/12)were sus-pected of malignancy,prompting biopsy recommendations.Among 47 consultation cases,27.7％(13/47)were ini-tially misdiagnosed as lymphoma.Histopathological examination revealed proliferative,necrotic,and xanthomatous phases,which coexisted or occurred independently.The proliferative phase was characterized by atypical lymphocytes and histiocytes,the necrotic phase by abundant eosinophilic fibrin deposits and nuclear debris,and the xanthomatous phase by clusters of foam-like histiocytes.Immunohistochemically analyses revealed that atypical lymphocytes were neg-ative for CD20,CD4,and CD56 but positive for CD3,CD8,TIA1,Granzyme B,and Perforin.Histiocytes expressed CD68,CD163,and MPO,while CD123-positive plasmacytoid dendritic cells were predominantly located around the le-sions and blood vessels.EBER was positive in individual cells in 4 cases.TCR gene rearrangement was positive in 2 cases and suspected positive in 3 cases,while Ig rearrangement was positive and suspected positive in 1 case each.Conclusion KFD exhibits clinical,imaging,and pathological features that can mimic lymphoma,highlighting the im-portance of accurate diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.

Purpose To investigate the clinical features of gastrointestinal leiomyomas(GLs)with scattered ex-pression of CD117 and DOG1,and to evaluate their biological behavior as well as their different diagnositic value from gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs).Methods Clinical data from 17 cases of surgically resected GLs were col-lected.Immunohistochemistry using the EnVision method was performed to detect SMA,desmin,h-caldesmon,DOG1,CD117,and CD34.First-generation sequencing was performed to analyze exons 9-20 of the KIT gene and ex-ons 12 and 18 of the PDGFRA gene.Results Tumors occured in the stomach(8 cases)and esophagus(9 cases).Clinical manifestations included dull upper abdominal pain,dysphagia,chest pain,and fever.During a follow-up peri-od of 58-88 months,no recurrence was observed,and all patients had a favorable prognosis.Histologically,tumor cells were spindle-shaped and arranged in bundles or a woven pattern.Interstitial cells of Cajal appeared spindle-shaped or stellate with indistinct borders and dispersed chromatin.Tumor cells showed diffuse positivity for SMA,desmin,and h-caldesmon(100％).Interstitial cells of Cajal exhibited focal positive for CD117 and DOG1,with an o-verall positive rate of 9％for each marker.No pathogenic mutations of the KIT or PDGFRA genes were detected by first-generation sequencing.Conclusion Although some GLs contained interstitial cells of Cajal that showed focal pos-itivity for CD117 and DOG1,sequencing and long-term follow-up confirmed that their biological behavior differed from that of GISTs,with no malignant potential.Surgical resection remained the mainstay of treatment,and the prognosis was favorable.