Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of elderly patients (≥ 60 years old) with atopic dermatitis (AD), with particular attention paid to rare adverse reactions.Methods:A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted on data collected from 281 elderly AD patients who received the standard regimen of dupilumab at the Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2020 to May 2024. Clinical characteristics such as gender, disease duration, skin lesion manifestations, and itch severity were analyzed. Changes in skin lesions and itch severity, as well as related adverse events were recorded during the follow-up period of 0 - 16 weeks. The efficacy and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of elderly AD patients were evaluated.Results:Among the 281 elderly AD patients, 214 were males (76.16%) and 67 were females (23.84%), with the age being 71.13 ± 7.91 years and the age at onset being 59.92 ± 15.72 years. The disease duration ( M[ IQR]) was 5.00 (13.00) years. After standard-regimen dupilumab treatment, the improvement rates of clinical outcome indicators SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and pruritus numerical rating scale (NRS) scores gradually increased. At week 16, the improvement rates of SCORAD and NRS scores ( M[ IQR]) reached the maxima of 72.37% (23.89%) and 75.00% (29.72%), respectively. The overall incidence of adverse events was relatively low, with only 16 patients (6.05%) reporting adverse events. Common adverse reactions such as conjunctivitis (2 cases, 0.71%) and facial erythema (1 case, 0.36%) were mild and well-tolerated. Phenotype switching occurred in 10 cases (3.56%) . Conclusion:Dupilumab was an effective and safe treatment for elderly AD, but phenotype switching may occur.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of elderly patients (≥ 60 years old) with atopic dermatitis (AD), with particular attention paid to rare adverse reactions.Methods:A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted on data collected from 281 elderly AD patients who received the standard regimen of dupilumab at the Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2020 to May 2024. Clinical characteristics such as gender, disease duration, skin lesion manifestations, and itch severity were analyzed. Changes in skin lesions and itch severity, as well as related adverse events were recorded during the follow-up period of 0 - 16 weeks. The efficacy and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of elderly AD patients were evaluated.Results:Among the 281 elderly AD patients, 214 were males (76.16%) and 67 were females (23.84%), with the age being 71.13 ± 7.91 years and the age at onset being 59.92 ± 15.72 years. The disease duration ( M[ IQR]) was 5.00 (13.00) years. After standard-regimen dupilumab treatment, the improvement rates of clinical outcome indicators SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and pruritus numerical rating scale (NRS) scores gradually increased. At week 16, the improvement rates of SCORAD and NRS scores ( M[ IQR]) reached the maxima of 72.37% (23.89%) and 75.00% (29.72%), respectively. The overall incidence of adverse events was relatively low, with only 16 patients (6.05%) reporting adverse events. Common adverse reactions such as conjunctivitis (2 cases, 0.71%) and facial erythema (1 case, 0.36%) were mild and well-tolerated. Phenotype switching occurred in 10 cases (3.56%) . Conclusion:Dupilumab was an effective and safe treatment for elderly AD, but phenotype switching may occur.

To establish an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method for the detection of Zaire Ebola virus(ZEBOV)specific antibodies,the full-length of ZEBOV GP1 gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into pET-30a(+)vector to generate the pET-30a(+)-GP1 plasmid.After expressed in the E.coli expression system,the purified GP1 protein was used as coating antigen to establish the indirect ELISA method for detection of ZEBOV antibody.The con-ditions including concentration of coating antigen and serum dilution were determined by chess-board titration.Specificity,sensitivity,and reproducibility of the established ELISA detection meth-od were evaluated.GP1 protein was successfully prepared by prokaryotic expression,and was used as the coatingantigen for indirect ELISA.By optimizing the reaction conditions,the optimal concen-tration of the coating antigen was determined to be 0.5 g/L;the optimal dilution of serum was cal-culated to be 1∶3 200;the optimal dilution of enzyme-labeled secondary antibody was measured to be 1∶20 000.The established method exhibited excellent specificity,sensitivity,and reproducibili-ty.In the present study,the GP1 protein was successfully expressed in the E.coli expression sys-tem and the high purity GP1 protein was used as the coating protein to establish an indirect ELISA assay for ZEBOV antibody.This method is highly specific,sensitive,and reproducible,which provides technical support for the fur-ther study of the biological function of GP1 and the detection of ZEBOV antibody in serum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.008.].

Malignant pleural effusion(MPE)is a common complication in patients with advanced malignant tumors,which not only significantly reduces their quality of life but also shortens their survival duration.Despite the widespread use of traditional treatment methods such as thoracentesis and pleurodesis,their efficacy is limited accompanied by high recurrence rates.Therefore,exploring novel therapeutic strategies becomes particularly urgent.In recent years,immunotherapy has attracted extensive attention for its potential in cancer treatment.This article systematically reviews the roles of CD4+T cell subsets,including regulatory T cells(Treg),T helper cell(Th)17,Th9,and Th22 cells,within the immunosuppressive microenvironment of MPE.These cell subsets are involved in the formation of the immunosuppressive state of MPE through various mechanisms and play key roles in the occurrence and development of the disease.In addition,the article discusses in detail the role of immune checkpoint molecules,such as programmed death protein 1(PD-1),PD-1 ligand(PD-L1),and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4(CTLA-4),in the immune evasion of MPE.The abnormal expressions of these molecules provide opportunity for tumor cells to evade immune system surveillance.At the same time,this article also summarizes the application prospects of novel immunotherapy strategies,such as adoptive cell therapy(ACT)and chimeric antigen receptor T cell(CAR-T)therapy,in the treatment of MPE.These innovative therapies offer possibilities for improving the prognosis of MPE patients through activating and enhancing the anti-tumor immune response.

To establish an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method for the detection of Zaire Ebola virus(ZEBOV)specific antibodies,the full-length of ZEBOV GP1 gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into pET-30a(+)vector to generate the pET-30a(+)-GP1 plasmid.After expressed in the E.coli expression system,the purified GP1 protein was used as coating antigen to establish the indirect ELISA method for detection of ZEBOV antibody.The con-ditions including concentration of coating antigen and serum dilution were determined by chess-board titration.Specificity,sensitivity,and reproducibility of the established ELISA detection meth-od were evaluated.GP1 protein was successfully prepared by prokaryotic expression,and was used as the coatingantigen for indirect ELISA.By optimizing the reaction conditions,the optimal concen-tration of the coating antigen was determined to be 0.5 g/L;the optimal dilution of serum was cal-culated to be 1∶3 200;the optimal dilution of enzyme-labeled secondary antibody was measured to be 1∶20 000.The established method exhibited excellent specificity,sensitivity,and reproducibili-ty.In the present study,the GP1 protein was successfully expressed in the E.coli expression sys-tem and the high purity GP1 protein was used as the coating protein to establish an indirect ELISA assay for ZEBOV antibody.This method is highly specific,sensitive,and reproducible,which provides technical support for the fur-ther study of the biological function of GP1 and the detection of ZEBOV antibody in serum.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Internet-based psychosocial intervention for primary caregivers of patients with terminal stage cancer.Methods The relevant randomized controlled trials of Internet-based psychosocial intervention for primary caregivers of patients with terminal stage cancer were systematically searched from 10 databases,such as Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,CNKI,PubMed,Embase and CINAHL and etc.The search period was from the establishment to December 18,2023,and 2 investigators screened the literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and extracted data.Cochrane Manual 5.1.0 was used to assess the quality of the literature.Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.4 software.Results A total of 9 pieces of the literature including 592 primary caregivers were included.Meta-analysis showed that Internet-based psychosocial intervention reduced the level of anxiety and depression for primary caregivers of patients with terminal stage cancer[MD=-1.64,95％CI(-2.68,-0.59),P=0.002]and the burden of care[SMD=-0.39,95％CI(-0.60,-0.18),P＜0.001],and improved quality of life[SMD=0.25,95％CI(0.01,0.48),P=0.040];further research is needed to explore the effect of reducing the level of distress[MD=-0.88,95％CI(-1.91,0.16),P=0.100].Conclusion The Internet-based psychosocial intervention is effective in improving the anxiety,depression and the burden of care of the primary caregivers of patients with terminal stage cancer,and it can improve the quality of life;further research is needed to explore the level of distress reduction.

Objective:To understand the cognition of the family caregivers of terminal cancer patients on digital health intervention, to clarify their actual needs, and to analyze the obstacles to their acceptance of digital health intervention, so as to develop a digital health intervention plan for the family caregivers of terminal cancer patients.Methods:From February 2024 to March 2024, the family caregivers of 16 patients with terminal cancer in Hunan Cancer Hospital Pain Hospice Ward were selected by objective sampling, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were interviewed in a semi-structured manner about the cognition and needs of digital health intervention, and the interview contents were sorted and analyzed using the Colaizzi7 step method.Results:A total of 16 family caregivers of terminal cancer patients, 4 males and 12 females, aged 26-55 years, were interviewed. Four themes were distilled from the interview results: family caregivers of terminally cancer patients agree on the importance of digital health interventions; lack of awareness of digital health interventions; expectations of digital health interventions; and possible confounders affecting digital health interventions.Conclusions:The family caregivers of terminal cancer patients had insufficient awareness of digital health intervention, but all showed affirmation of the development of digital health intervention services. It is recommended to actively improve the basic conditions of digital health services, strengthen publicity, raise the level of awareness of the family caregivers, and positively overcome the relevant interfering factors, so as to gradually promote the development of digital health services.

Objective:To evaluate the calf muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and fat fraction (FF) in amateur marathon runners based on T 2WI-Flex fat-suppression sequence and iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetrical and least-squares estimation quantitation sequence (IDEAL-IQ) technique, and to explore the correlation between them and age, body mass index (BMI), running age, speed exercise, and monthly exercise. Methods:From September to November 2022, 37 amateur marathon group (marathon group) and 12 healthy volunteers (control group) who did not often exercise were recruited in Shijiazhuang. T 2WI-Flex fat-suppression sequence and IDEAL-IQ sequence were performed on all subjects. The anterior group of the right calf (tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digital longus), external group of the calf (peroneus longus, peroneus brevis), soleus, medial head and lateral head of the gastrocnemius were delineated along the edge of the muscle contour as regions of interest, and the CSA and FF values of the muscles were obtained. Twelve subjects matched with the clinical data of the control group were selected from the marathon group (marathon matched group), and the differences in CSA and FF were compared by independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between CSA and FF values of the right calf and running-related indicators including age, BMI, running age, speed exercise, and monthly exercise in 37 amateur marathon runners. Results:The CSA of the right calf soleus muscle in the marathon matched matched group was larger than that in the control group ( t=-2.09, P=0.048). There was no significant difference in CSA of other calf muscles between the two groups ( P>0.05). The FF values of the right calf anterior group, the outer group, the soleus muscle, the medial head and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle in the marathon matched group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The BMI of 37 amateur marathon runners was positively correlated with the CSA and FF values of the anterior group, the outer group, the soleus, the medial head and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle (CSA: r=0.628, 0.468, 0.680, 0.566, 0.615, respectively, all P<0.05; FF value: r=0.395, 0.567, 0.631, 0.482, 0.516, respectively, all P<0.05). The FF values of the anterior group, the outer group, the soleus, the medial head and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle were negatively correlated with monthly exercise ( r=-0.337, -0.405, -0.437, -0.338, -0.446, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Long-term running training can reduce the FF value of each calf muscle group, and the FF value of calf muscles is negatively correlated with the amount of running each month. Long-term running training has the greatest effect on the CSA of soleus muscle.

Substantial progress in the use of chemo-photodynamic nano-drug delivery systems (nano-DDS) for the treatment of the malignant breast cancer has been achieved. The inability to customize precise nanostructures, however, has limited the therapeutic efficacy of the prepared nano-DDS to date. Here, we report a structurally defined tandem-responsive chemo-photosensitive co-nanoassembly to eliminate primary breast tumor and prevent lung metastasis. This both-in-one co-nanoassembly is prepared by assembling a biocompatible photosensitive derivative (pheophorbide-diphenylalanine peptide, PPA-DA) with a hypoxia-activated camptothecin (CPT) prodrug [(4-nitrophenyl) formate camptothecin, N-CPT]. According to computational simulations, the co-assembly nanostructure is not the classical core-shell type, but consists of many small microphase regions. Upon exposure to a 660 nm laser, PPA-DA induce high levels of ROS production to effectively achieve the apoptosis of normoxic cancer cells. Subsequently, the hypoxia-activated N-CPT and CPT spatially penetrate deep into the hypoxic region of the tumor and suppress hypoxia-induced tumor metastasis. Benefiting from the rational design of the chemo-photodynamic both-in-one nano-DDS, these nanomedicines exhibit a promising potential in the inhibition of difficult-to-treat breast tumor metastasis in patients with breast cancer.