With the rapid changes in lifestyle,the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become increasingly severe in China,and it has become a major public health concern.With a deeper understanding of this disease,the latest consensus statement has changed the name from NAFLD to MAFLD,and this updated definition transitions from an exclusion-based approach to an inclusive framework,which not only improves clinical diagnostic accuracy,but also highlights the key role of metabolic disorders in the progression of NAFLD.In recent years,the in-depth studies on the mechanism of carcinoembryonic antigen-associated cell adhesion molecule 1-mediated insulin clearance have highlighted the importance of insulin clearance in the development and progression of NAFLD.This article reviews the research advances in the role of insulin clearance in MAFLD.

Objective To evaluate the disease risk of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) in aquatic products of raw food in Guangzhou. Methods VP detection was carried out in aquatic products of raw food sold in Guangzhou from 2009 to 2022. Gene sequence and wgSNP analysis of 30 VP strains (including 15 food strains and 15 patient strains) were performed for the detection rate of pathogenic VP. sQMRA was applied to assess VP risk of aquatic products of raw food. Results The detection rate of VP in raw aquatic products in Guangzhou was 7.30% (98/1 343). The detection rate of TDH virulence gene in patient strains was 86.70% (13/15) , and the detection rate of TRH was 6.67% (1/15). In 15 food strains, TDH and TRH were negative. The WgSNP analysis showed that 2 food strains had high similarity with the patient strains, indicating the same cluster. Risk assessment showed that the number of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection cases caused by intaking aquatic products of raw food in Guangzhou was 384 ever year. Conclusion The detection rate of VP in aquatic products of raw food is high in Guangzhou , and the detection rate of VP virulence genes in aquatic products of raw food is low. Gene sequence and wgSNP analysis can be used for risk assessment of food pathogenic bacteria. The risk of disease of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic products of raw food is high.

Dampness-heat syndrome of the spleen and stomach refers to the evil dampness-heat invading the spleen and stomach,the abnormal rise and fall of the middle jiaoqi machinery,dampness-heat depression and steaming,the physiological dysfunction of the spleen and stomach,with abdominal distention and distention,nausea and lethargy of the limbs,poor loose stool,red tongue and yellow greasy fur,and slippery pulse as the main symptoms of the syndrome,most common in digestive system diseases,among which chronic gastritis is the first.This paper summarized the research results in the past decade and related fields.In the mode of combination of disease and syndrome,based on the principle of corresponding prescription and syndrome,combined with the etiology and pathogenesis evolution of spleen and stomach damp-heat syndrome,the biological connotation of spleen and stomach damp-heat syndrome was explained from various aspects such as inflammation and immune disorders,gastrointestinal motivity disorders,water and humidity loss,endoplasmic reticulum function,and micro-ecological disorders.Enrich the research of the essence of syndrome.

Objective To systematically sort out the current situation of animal model construction and evaluation of damp-heat syndrome of spleen and stomach under the pattern of combining disease and evidence,references for optimizing the standardized research of this syndrome were provided.Methods The references in the past 20 years from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed and other databases were searched to summarize and analyze the modeling ideas,evaluation systems and problems of the animal models of spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome.Results Most of the existing models used high-fat and high-sugar feeds combined with hot and humid environment exposure,compound pathogenic microbial infection or chemical stimulation to construct the combined disease and evidence model.The model validity was evaluated by macroscopic signs,gastrointestinal function indexes,inflammatory factors,and intestinal bacterial flora,etc.However,there were still problems of insufficient stability of the model,and inconsistencies in the criteria for evaluation of the evidence.Conclusion The combination of disease and evidence model can better simulate the clinical characteristics of spleen and stomach damp-heat syndrome,but it is necessary to strengthen the construction of multimodal evaluation system and molecular mechanism research.The standardization of animal models can be promoted through the integration of multidisciplinary technology,which can provide a more accurate method for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine research.

With the rapid changes in lifestyle,the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become increasingly severe in China,and it has become a major public health concern.With a deeper understanding of this disease,the latest consensus statement has changed the name from NAFLD to MAFLD,and this updated definition transitions from an exclusion-based approach to an inclusive framework,which not only improves clinical diagnostic accuracy,but also highlights the key role of metabolic disorders in the progression of NAFLD.In recent years,the in-depth studies on the mechanism of carcinoembryonic antigen-associated cell adhesion molecule 1-mediated insulin clearance have highlighted the importance of insulin clearance in the development and progression of NAFLD.This article reviews the research advances in the role of insulin clearance in MAFLD.

Objective To systematically sort out the current situation of animal model construction and evaluation of damp-heat syndrome of spleen and stomach under the pattern of combining disease and evidence,references for optimizing the standardized research of this syndrome were provided.Methods The references in the past 20 years from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed and other databases were searched to summarize and analyze the modeling ideas,evaluation systems and problems of the animal models of spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome.Results Most of the existing models used high-fat and high-sugar feeds combined with hot and humid environment exposure,compound pathogenic microbial infection or chemical stimulation to construct the combined disease and evidence model.The model validity was evaluated by macroscopic signs,gastrointestinal function indexes,inflammatory factors,and intestinal bacterial flora,etc.However,there were still problems of insufficient stability of the model,and inconsistencies in the criteria for evaluation of the evidence.Conclusion The combination of disease and evidence model can better simulate the clinical characteristics of spleen and stomach damp-heat syndrome,but it is necessary to strengthen the construction of multimodal evaluation system and molecular mechanism research.The standardization of animal models can be promoted through the integration of multidisciplinary technology,which can provide a more accurate method for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine research.

Dampness-heat syndrome of the spleen and stomach refers to the evil dampness-heat invading the spleen and stomach,the abnormal rise and fall of the middle jiaoqi machinery,dampness-heat depression and steaming,the physiological dysfunction of the spleen and stomach,with abdominal distention and distention,nausea and lethargy of the limbs,poor loose stool,red tongue and yellow greasy fur,and slippery pulse as the main symptoms of the syndrome,most common in digestive system diseases,among which chronic gastritis is the first.This paper summarized the research results in the past decade and related fields.In the mode of combination of disease and syndrome,based on the principle of corresponding prescription and syndrome,combined with the etiology and pathogenesis evolution of spleen and stomach damp-heat syndrome,the biological connotation of spleen and stomach damp-heat syndrome was explained from various aspects such as inflammation and immune disorders,gastrointestinal motivity disorders,water and humidity loss,endoplasmic reticulum function,and micro-ecological disorders.Enrich the research of the essence of syndrome.

Objective To conduct lipidomics analysis of medical Marmota himalayana oil and explore its potential biological effects. Methods Marmota himalayana abdominal fat was heated and refined to produce medical marmot oil. Lipidomics analysis of two batches of Marmota himalayana oil was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The potential effects of Marmota himalayana oil were analyzed based on the results of lipid composition detection. Results GC-MS results showed that the main components of the two batches of Marmota himalayana oil were saturated fatty acids (volume fraction of about 60%) and unsaturated fatty acids (volume fraction of about 30%). The saturated fatty acids were mainly palmitic acid, stearic acid, and arachidic acid, while the unsaturated fatty acids were mainly oleic acid and linoleic acid. There were no significant differences in the volume fraction of various fatty acids between the two batches, indicating that the preparation process of Marmota himalayana oil was stable. The results of UPLC-MS negative ion mode detection showed that Marmota himalayana oil contained 15 saturated fatty acids and 18 unsaturated fatty acids, but there were significant differences in volume fraction between the two batches. The results of UPLC-MS positive ion mode detection showed that Marmota himalayana oil of both batches contained 15 diglycerides and 30 triglycerides. Conclusion This study innovatively applies GC-MS and UPLC-MS techniques to analyze the lipidomic components of medical Marmota himalayana oil, providing a reliable basis for subsequent exploration of its pharmacological activity and the establishment of strict quality control standards.

Objective To study the levels and clinical significance of serum angiopoietin-like protein 8(ANGPTL8)and neopurine in children with hormone sensitive primary nephrotic syndrome(NS).Methods A total of 159 children with hormone sensitive primary NS treated in the hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 were selected as the study subjects(NS group).After 1 year of follow-up,based on whether frequent recurrence occurred,they were divided into the non frequent recurrence subgroup(n=93)and the frequent recurrence subgroup(n=66).Additionally,60 children with oblique hernia who underwent e-lective surgery in the Department of Pediatrics in the hospital were selected as the control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum levels of ANGPTL8 and neopterin.The ser-um levels of ANGPTL8 and neopterin in each group were compared.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors for frequent recurrence in children with hormone sensitive primary NS.The predictive value of serum ANGPTL8 and neopterin in predicting frequent recurrence in children with hormone sensitive primary NS was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The serum lev-els of ANGPTL8 and neopterin in the NS group were higher than those in the control group,and the differ-ences were statistically significant(t=20.948,44.288,P＜0.001,0.001).The serum ANGPTL8,neopterin levels,CD8+T cells,24 h urine protein quantification,and urine protein conversion time in the frequent recur-rence subgroup were significantly higher than those in the non frequent recurrence subgroup,while the blood albumin,CD4+T cells,CD4+/CD8+T cell ratios were lower than those in the non frequent recurrence sub-group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The serum levels of ANGPTL8 and neopterin in NS patients were significantly positively correlated with 24 h urine protein and CD8+T cells,while they were significantly negatively correlated with serum albumin,CD4+T cells,CD4l+/CD8+(all P＜0.05).Serum ANGPTL8 and neopterin were independent risk factors for frequent recurrence in children with hormone sensitive primary NS.The area under the curve(AUC)of the combined model of serum ANGPTL8 and neopurine for predicting frequent recurrence in hormone sensitive primary NS patients was 0.852(95％CI:0.813-0.889),which was higher than 0.764(95％CI:0.722-0.812)of ANGPTL8,and 0.749(95％CI:0.711-0.790)of neopurine,and the differences were statistically significant(Z=3.623,3.987,P=0.003,＜0.001).Conclusion Elevated levels of serum ANGPTL8 and neopterin are risk factors for frequent recurrence hormone sensitive primary NS.The combination detection of serum ANGPTL8 and neopterin has high predictive value for frequent recurrence in children with hormone sensitive primary NS.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy and clinical application value of the fluorescence quantitative PCR melting curve meth-od for detecting fungal nucleic acid.Methods 460 suspected or confirmed patients with respiratory fungal infections were enrolled in the study.The fluorescence quantitative PCR melting curve method was used as the test method,and the fungal 26S rRNA gene nucleic acid detection kit combined with Sanger sequencing was used as the reference method.Sputum samples from each study subject were collected and detected by the test method and reference method,respectively.The Kappa value of the two methods was calculated to evaluate the consistency of the results.Results Compared with the reference method,the overall conformity rate of the test method was 92.83%(427/460).Compared with the reference method,the positive conformity rates,negative conformity rates,and overall conformity rates of the test method for detecting 8 fungi,including Candida albicans,Candida glabrata,Candida krusei,Candida trop-icalis,Candida parapsilosis,Cryptococcus neoformans,Candida guilliermondii,and Aspergillus,were 97.34%(183/188),97.06%(264/272),and 97.17%(447/460),100.00%(33/33),99.77%(426/427),and 99.78%(459/460),100.00%(16/16),99.55%(442/444),and 99.57%(458/460),98.11%(52/53),99.75%(442/444),and 99.57%(458/460),95.08%(58/61),99.50%(397/399),and 98.91%(455/460),100.00%(9/9),99.56%(449/451),and 99.57%(458/460),85.00%(17/20),99.32%(437/440),and 98.70%(454/460),and 97.59%(81/83),97.88%(369/377),and 97.83%(450/460),respectively.The Kappa values for the consistency evaluation of the two methods'detection results were both greater than 0.8.Upon retesting the inconsistent re-sults of the two methods,it was found that 53.7%(22/41)of the detection results were consistent with the test method,and the others were consistent with the reference method.Conclusion The fluorescence quantitative PCR melting curve method can simultaneously detect 8 kinds of fungi,and the detection results are highly consistent with the reference method.It has unique advantages in fungal de-tection and important clinical application value.