[Objective] To investigate the factors associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) abnormalities in multi-ethnic blood donors across five Zang autonomous prefectures in the plateau regions of Qinghai Province, and to provide evidence for ensuring blood safety and formulating screening strategies. [Methods] A retrospective analysis was performed on the ALT abnormal test results of blood donors in the Zang autonomous prefectures of Qinghai from 2022 to 2024. The correlations between ALT levels and factors including gender, age, altitude, and infectious markers were investigated. [Results] The overall ALT unqualified rate among blood donors in this region was 9.01%. Significant differences in ALT levels were observed across genders and age groups (P<0.05). Variations in ALT abnormality rates were also noted among different plateau regions (P<0.05). Overall, ALT values exhibited an increasing trend with rising altitude. The average ALT unqualified rates were 11.19% in Zang donors, 7.96% in Han donors, and 4.79% in donors from other ethnic groups (P<0.05). No statistically significant association was observed between ALT abnormality and the presence of HBV/HCV infectious markers (P>0.05). [Conclusion] In the plateau areas of Qinghai, multi-ethnic blood donors have a relatively high ALT levels and ALT unqualified rates, showing distinct regional characteristics. ALT elevation in voluntary blood donors is related to non-pathological factors such as gender, age, and dietary habits, but not to infectious indicators.

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. Given the substantial number of OSA patients, it is urgently in need to address the burden on society. Current available evidence linking outdoor light at night (LAN) to OSA is scarce. Objective To explore the relationships regarding outdoor LAN and OSA among residents in Southern China. Methods A total of 3925 hospitalized patients in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Sleep Center were recruited between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015. The severity of OSA was determined by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) using polysomnography or home sleep test. The annual Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS)-like LAN data with a 500 m spatial resolution were used to evaluate outdoor LAN levels of the participants 1, 3, and 5 years before undergoing sleep monitoring. Generalized linear regression models were utilized to examine the associations of outdoor LAN with OSA. Results The ORs (95%CIs) of OSA, mild OSA, and moderate OSA were 1.175 (1.021, 1.351), 1.215 (1.038, 1.421), and 1.195 (1.003, 1.425) respectively for per interquartile range (IQR) increment in three-year average outdoor LAN. The results of stratified analyses showed a higher OR of 1.933 (95%CI: 1.424, 2.637) in female than male participants (P _interaction < 0.001). Additionally, the ORs of OSA did not substantially change using one-year/ five-year instead of three-year average outdoor LAN. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that an elevated outdoor LAN is significantly associated with higher odds of OSA (especially mild and moderate OSA) in Southern China, especially in females. An effective outdoor LAN management and policy-making framework has been suggested as potential preventive measures to reduce burden of OSA.

Objective To observe the changes in the symptoms and relevant physiological indicators in subjects after inhaling the hypoxic air produced by a hypoxic air generator at a low altitude prior to their entry into high-altitude environment,and to explore its early warning effect for acute mountain sickness(AMS)among the subjects upon their subsequent entry into high-altitude environment.Methods A total of 50 subjects who were going to visit high-altitude regions were enrolled.All subjects were men,with an average age of(22.00±1.52)years.They continuously inhaled for 30 minutes hypoxic air(which simulated the air at the altitude of 5200 m,with an oxygen content 10.80％)generated by a hypoxic air generator.During this period fingertip oxygen saturation,heart rate,blood pressure,and symptoms of discomfort were observed and recorded.On the fourth day after living at an altitude of 4020 m,the subjects completed the evaluation for the symptom scores of acute mild altitude disease(AMAD).The subjects were divided into a maladjusted group(18 cases)and a well-adjusted group(32 cases)according to whether they experienced discomfort(including drowsiness,dizziness,chest tightness,cold sweating of the hands,etc.)during the inhalation of hypoxic air at a low altitude.After entry into the high-altitude environment,they were divided into an AMS group(28 cases)and a non-AMS group(22 cases)according to whether they experienced AMS after entering the he high-altitude environment.The primary indicator was the incidence of AMS,including the incidence of AMAD and severe acute mountain sickness(SAMS),and the incidence of AMS in the maladjusted group and the well-adjusted group after entering high-altitude environment.The secondary indicator was the relationship between the changes in fingertip oxygen saturation after inhaling hypoxic air at a low altitude and the incidence of AMS and the AMAD symptom scores.Results All 50 subjects traveled by air to the target altitude of 4020 m above sea level at the same time.The AMS incidence among them was 56.0％(28/50),with the incidence of AMAD being 54.0％(27/50)and the incidence of SAMS being 2.0％(1/50).In the single case of SAMS,the patient had high-altitude pulmonary edema.The incidences of AMS after entering high-altitude environment in the maladjusted and well-adjusted groups were 88.9％(16/18)and 37.5％(12/32),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).In the 50 subjects,fingertip oxygen saturation decreased rapidly in the first 11 minutes into the inhalation of hypoxic air at a low altitude,with a more pronounced decrease in the AMS group than that in the non-AMS group,and the differences between the groups were statistically significant after 5,9,and 11 minutes(P＜0.05).Fingertip oxygen saturation plateaued in the 50 subjects from the 12th to the 30th minute,with no significant differences between the AMS and non-AMS groups.The mean value of fingertip oxygen saturation within 30 minutes of hypoxic air inhalation was negatively correlated with the AMAD symptom scores after subjects'entry into high-altitude environment(r=-0.300).Conclusion Those who experience symptoms of discomfort after exposure to hypoxic air produced by a hypoxic air generator at a low altitude are more likely to develop AMS and close attention should be paid to the decrease in fingertip oxygen saturation within the first 11 minutes.

Objective To improve the analysis of ¹³⁴Cs, ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁶⁰Co in aerosol samples by the national key radiation environment laboratories. Methods Intercomparison of analysis results of ¹³⁴Cs, ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁶⁰Co in standard aerosol samples was performed among the national key radiation environment laboratories according to Gamma spectrometry method of analyzing radionuclides in biological samples (GB/T 16145-1995 ), and the intercomparison results were evaluated by the standard deviation. Results Six laboratories were involved in the intercomparison. For ¹³⁴Cs, 50% of the laboratories showed a relative deviation less than 10%, and 50% showed a relative deviation of 10%-20%. For ¹³⁷Cs, 33.3% of the laboratories showed a relative deviation less than 10%, and 76.7% showed a relative deviation of 10%-20%. For ⁶⁰Cs, all laboratories showed a relative deviation less than 10%. The overall intercomparison results were acceptable. Conclusion The laboratories in this intercomparison show generally good results.

Objective:To design a tracheotomy cannula cuff filling device for hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which is convenient for clinical operation, improves work efficiency and reduces the incidence of aspiration pneumonia.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial. From July 2020 to June 2022, 90 patients with tracheotomy who were treated with hyperbaric oxygen in the First Hospital of Jiaxing were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 45 cases in each group. In the experimental group, the cuff pressure was maintained by the tracheotomy cannula cuff filling device, and in the control group, the traditional water injection method was used to maintain the cuff pressure. The operation time, infection index and incidence of aspiration pneumonia were compared between the two groups.Results:The operation time in the experimental group was (6.33 ± 1.31) s lower than that in the control group (40.96 ± 3.70) s, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-59.11, P<0.05). Body temperature, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin after treatment in the experimental group were (36.91 ± 0.83) ℃, (34.59 ± 16.25) mg/L, (1.57 ± 0.82) μg/L, respectively, lower than those in the control group (37.42 ± 0.72) ℃, (44.18 ± 18.10) mg/L, (2.45 ± 0.92) μg/L, the differences were statistically significant ( t=-3.09, -2.64, -4.73, all P<0.05). The difference of white blood cell count post-treatment between the two groups was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The incidence of aspiration pneumonia in the experimental group was 11.11%(5/45) lower than 31.11%(14/45) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=5.17, P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of tracheotomy cannula cuff filling device can simplify the operation process, reduce the incidence of infection and aspiration pneumonia, and optimize the clinical work.

The quality of life of elderly patients with lung cancer can be affected by various symptoms such as frailty, coexistence of multiple diseases, malnutrition, and decreased function.Identifying these potential problems through reasonable and effective assessment, and providing early intervention and symptom management, can help improve the quality of life of patients.Although several methods have been developed, applied, and clinically verified to evaluate the quality of life in elderly patients with lung cancer, they all have their limitations.Therefore, choosing the appropriate evaluation method has become a practical challenge in clinical settings.This article aims to review the different methods used to assess the quality of life of elderly patients with lung cancer, providing theoretical guidance for clinicians and researchers.

Objective To ensure the effectiveness and improve the capacity of laboratories in the measurement of γ spectra of radionuclides. Methods A statistical analysis was performed using relative deviation, accuracy, precision, and relative combined uncertainty for the nationwide assessment of radionuclide γ spectrum measurement. Results In the assessment from 2018 to 2020, our laboratory showed qualified or above results, and the performance in 2019 was excellent. The maximum relative deviation of 11 measurements from 2018 to 2020 was 18.01%. The assessment showed |Z_test|≤1 and U_test≤2.58 in 2018, |Z_test|≤1 and U_test≤1 in 2019, and U_test≤1 and U_rel≤20% in 2020. Conclusion Our laboratory employs the correct method for radionuclide γ spectrum measurement, and the analysis data are accurate and reliable.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a multiplex PCR method for a rapid detection of Y chromosome-specific sequences in patients with Turner syndrome. METHODS: Nine genes were selected from various regions of the Y chromosome for designing the primers, which included SRY, TBL1Y, TSPY on the short arm of the Y chromosome, DDX3Y, HSFY1, RPS4Y2 and CDY1 on the long arm of Y chromosome and SHOX in the short arm and SPRY3 in the long arm of the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) of X and Y chromosomes. A multiplex PCR method for the nine genes in Y chromosome was established and optimized. The sensitivity was tested by using different amounts of genomic DNA. A total of 36 patients with Turner syndrome and a patient with male dwarfism with karyotype of 46, X, +mar were examined by the multiplex PCR method for the existence of materials from the Y chromosome. RESULTS: The optimization results of the multiplex PCR reaction system (50 μL) showed that when the final concentration of upstream and downstream of each pair of primers was 0.1 μM, the multiplex PCR reaction of the 9 pairs of primers clearly amplified the target with the expected band size, and there was no non-specific amplification. The bands were clearly visible when the amount of genomic DNA in the multiple PCR reaction system was as low as 1 ng. By using the method, we have examined the 36 patients with Turner syndrome. One patient with Turner syndrome with karyotype of 45,X[40]/47XYY[21] amplified specific seven genes on Y chromosome, 35 patients with Turner syndrome amplified only two target genes SHOX and SPRY3, but not the other seven specific genes on the Y chromosome, which was in keeping with the clinical manifestations of such patients. CONCLUSION This study established a multiplex PCR reaction system with nine genes, which can quickly and accurately screen Y chromosome materials in patients with Turner syndrome. It has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, high specificity and rapid turn-around time, and can be used to detect Turner syndrome patients with Y chromosome material in time. The method has provided a diagnostic basis for preventive gonad resection to prevent malignant gonadal tumors.
Humans ; Male ; Turner Syndrome/genetics* ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Y Chromosome ; Karyotyping ; DNA Primers ; DNA ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics* ; Transducin/genetics* ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics*

Objective To analyze the imaging features of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of pancreas (SPN) in children, and to improve the awareness of the disease. Methods From January 2007 to December 2016, 12 patients with SPN proven pathologically were enrolled in the study,of whom 12 cases underwent CT scanning and 3 cases underwent MRI scanning. The imaging data of SPN were analyzed retrospectively. The tumor parameters included the location, size, shape, margin, capsule, form, inhancement degree, and presence of calcification, biliary obstruction, surrounding, ascites, lymph node metastasis, as well as distant metastasis, which were comparative analyzed with that of pathology. Results CT showed that 3 cases were located in the head of pancreas,7 cases were located in the body/tail of pancreas, and 2 cases were ectopic. Twelve cases were circular tumors, the diameter of which ranged from 28—76 mm (median diameter 48 mm). Capsules were showed in 10 cases, calcification was seen in 4 cases and hemorrhage was seen in 1 case. Three cases were solid, 8 cases were solid and cystic mixed,and 1 case was cystic. The tumors were heterogeneous, and the solid portion of SPN was moderately to obviously enhanced gradually whereas the cystic part remained unenhanced. Nine cases showed that the tumors growed to the outside of pancreas,in which 4 cases covered by the normal pancreas tissue, 1 case located inside of the pancreas. One case caused biliary obstruction and the collateral circulation of splenic arteriovenous was established in 2 cases due to tumor compressed. Ascites was seen in 2 cases. MRI showed that the cystic components of tumor in 3 cases showed low signal in T1WI and high signal in T2WI, with no enhancement. The solid components of the tumor showed equal signal in T1WI and slightly higher signal in T2WI, with obvious enhancement. Capsules were showed in 3 cases with low signal in T1WI and T2WI, which were obviously enhanced in 2 cases and without enhancement in 1 case;hemorrhage was showed high signal in T1WI in 1 case. No lymph node metastasis and distance metastasis were observed in 12 cases. Conclusions The characteristic imaging findings of SPN in children are boundary clear, capsules, calcification, circular pancreas tumors, which grow to the outside of pancreas, with varied degrees of hemorrhage and necrosis. The solid portion of SPN is moderately or obviously enhanced gradually.