During long-term extravehicular activities(EVA),there have been multiple instances of localized discomfort due to cold extremities such as hands and feet.The primary reason is that the design of space suit gloves prioritizes maximizing operational flexibility,which leads to reduced passive thermal protection in certain areas.Insufficient local thermal protection can cause the hands to lose metabolic heat in cold environments over time,resulting in cold stress.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct research on temperature control technology to meet the thermal comfort requirements of astronauts' hands during EVA.Effective active temperature measures can expand the range of low temperature working environments that astronauts' hands can adapt to during EVA,enhance hand thermal comfort,and ensure hand operational capabilities,preventing excessive cold from exceeding medical requirement and affecting extravehicular missions.This paper combines the metabolic heat generation patterns of the human hand to analyze the temperature control requirements for extravehicular gloves,simulate and optimize the layout of electric heaters,and evaluate the feasibility of the electric heating system for extravehicular gloves by building a thermal simulation model.Through prototype vacuum thermal testing,comprehensive verification of the temperature control module for extravehicular gloves was achieved,demonstrating the effectiveness of the temperature control system.

Objective To compare the effects of remimazolam and propofol on postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)after pancreatic extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(P-ESWL),with the aim of optimizing the anesthesia regimen for this procedure.Methods Clinical data were retrospectively collected from patients who underwent P-ESWL for pancreatic stones under general anesthesia at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2021 to December 2024.A total of 307 patients were recruited,with 103 in the remimazolam group and 204 in the propofol group.Inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW)based on propensity scores was used to balance baseline characteristics and confounding factors between the two groups.The incidence of PONV and anesthesia recovery time were compared between the two groups.Results Before IPTW,there were statistically significant differences between the remimazolam and propofol groups in gender[male/female:51/52 vs.155/49],smoking history(27.2％vs.42.6％),intraoperative sufentanil use[25(10)μg vs.30(10)μg],remifentanil use[429.00(177)μg vs.480.50(209)μg],rocuronium use[36(6)mg vs.38(7)mg],and intraoperative dexamethasone use(62.1％vs.49.0％)(all P＜0.05).After IPTW,the baseline characteristics and confounding factors were balanced and comparable between the two groups(P＞0.05).Before IPTW,the incidence of PONV was higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(24.3％vs.14.7％,P=0.039).After IPTW,the two groups did not significantly differ in the incidence of PONV(21.5％vs.17.5％,P=0.215),and the anesthesia recovery time was significantly shorter in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group[3(3)min vs.9(4)min,P＜0.001].Conclusion Compared to propofol anesthesia,remimazolam does not increase the incidence of PONV in patients undergoing P-ESWL for pancreatic stones and can effectively reduce anesthesia recovery time.

Objective To compare the effects of remimazolam and propofol on postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)after pancreatic extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(P-ESWL),with the aim of optimizing the anesthesia regimen for this procedure.Methods Clinical data were retrospectively collected from patients who underwent P-ESWL for pancreatic stones under general anesthesia at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2021 to December 2024.A total of 307 patients were recruited,with 103 in the remimazolam group and 204 in the propofol group.Inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW)based on propensity scores was used to balance baseline characteristics and confounding factors between the two groups.The incidence of PONV and anesthesia recovery time were compared between the two groups.Results Before IPTW,there were statistically significant differences between the remimazolam and propofol groups in gender[male/female:51/52 vs.155/49],smoking history(27.2％vs.42.6％),intraoperative sufentanil use[25(10)μg vs.30(10)μg],remifentanil use[429.00(177)μg vs.480.50(209)μg],rocuronium use[36(6)mg vs.38(7)mg],and intraoperative dexamethasone use(62.1％vs.49.0％)(all P＜0.05).After IPTW,the baseline characteristics and confounding factors were balanced and comparable between the two groups(P＞0.05).Before IPTW,the incidence of PONV was higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(24.3％vs.14.7％,P=0.039).After IPTW,the two groups did not significantly differ in the incidence of PONV(21.5％vs.17.5％,P=0.215),and the anesthesia recovery time was significantly shorter in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group[3(3)min vs.9(4)min,P＜0.001].Conclusion Compared to propofol anesthesia,remimazolam does not increase the incidence of PONV in patients undergoing P-ESWL for pancreatic stones and can effectively reduce anesthesia recovery time.

In order to detect the environmental data of isolated cabin under various environmental conditions,a negative pressure cabin environment detector for aviation was developed,which was composed of a shell,a differential pressure transmitter,a pressure sensor,a carbon dioxide concentration sensor,an oxygen concentration sensor,a temperature and humidity sensor,a data processing module,a liquid crystal display(LCD)screen and USB data interface.It could environmental data such as carbon dioxide concentration,oxygen concentration,temperature,humidity,pressure difference between cabin and outside the cabin and air pressure outside the cabin in real time,the data processing module collected and processed the data,the data and data change curves was displayed in real time by the LCD screen,and the detection data was extracted through the USB data interface.When used in aviation environment,the detector could work continuously without fault for no less than 300 hours,and the average fault repair time was about 30 minutes,with good performance and high detection accuracy,which can provide convenience for the environmental data detection of negative pressure cabins,and is worthy of popularization.

Macropinocytosis, an evolutionarily conserved, actin-dependent form of endocytosis, is involved in various physiological processes, including nutrient absorption, antigen presentation, and cell signaling transduction and migration. Oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation induce macropinocytosis in tumors in the digestive system, involved in tumorigenesis and progression, whereas the inhibition of macropinocytosis slows the aggressive phenotype of digestive system tumors and improves the efficacy of anti-tumor drugs. Macropinocytosis can also be used as a delivery route for anti-tumor drugs. Therefore, macropinocytosis has been widely studied to develop new methods for the treatment of digestive system tumors.This paper reviews the role of macropinocytosis in the body, the regulation of macropinocytosis-related signaling pathway, as well as the mechanism of macropinocytosis in colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, liver cancer and other digestive system tumors, to provide reference for related researches.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common pathological type of primary liver cancer, with high fatality rate. The pathogenesis of HCC is complex, and the specific occurrence and development mechanism is still in the exploratory stage. CircRNA is a special endogenous noncoding RNA and mainly participates in the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. By regulating gene transcription, it acts as a molecular sponge of miRNA, participates in protein translation, and interacts with RNA binding protein (RBP). CircRNA is involved in the occurrence and development of HCC. Its abnormal expression in HCC cells is related to the pathological characteristics of HCC tissue, regulates the expression of downstream target genes, miRNA and proteins, participates in the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of HCC cells, and regulates tumor microenvironment and signal pathways, suggesting that circRNA may be a potential novel biomarker and therapeutic target for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. This paper reviews the biological mechanism of circRNA, its role in HCC, and research progress in diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based cell transplantation is an effective means of treating chronic liver injury, fibrosis and end-stage liver disease. However, extensive studies have found that only a small number of transplanted cells migrate to the site of injury or lesion, and repair efficacy is very limited. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) were generated that overexpressed the erythropoietin (EPO) gene using a lentivirus. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect the viability of BM-MSCs after overexpressing EPO. Cell migration and apoptosis were verified using Boyden chamber and flow cytometry, respectively. Finally, the anti-fibrosis efficacy of EPO-MSCs was evaluated in vivo using immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: EPO overexpression promoted cell viability and migration of BM-MSCs without inducing apoptosis, and EPO-MSC treatment significantly alleviated liver fibrosis in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) induced mouse liver fibrosis model. CONCLUSION EPO-MSCs enhance anti-fibrotic efficacy, with higher cell viability and stronger migration ability compared with treatment with BM-MSCs only. These findings support improving the efficiency of MSCs transplantation as a potential therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based cell transplantation is an effective means of treating chronic liver injury, fibrosis and end-stage liver disease. However, extensive studies have found that only a small number of transplanted cells migrate to the site of injury or lesion, and repair efficacy is very limited. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) were generated that overexpressed the erythropoietin (EPO) gene using a lentivirus. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect the viability of BM-MSCs after overexpressing EPO. Cell migration and apoptosis were verified using Boyden chamber and flow cytometry, respectively. Finally, the anti-fibrosis efficacy of EPO-MSCs was evaluated in vivo using immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: EPO overexpression promoted cell viability and migration of BM-MSCs without inducing apoptosis, and EPO-MSC treatment significantly alleviated liver fibrosis in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) induced mouse liver fibrosis model. CONCLUSION EPO-MSCs enhance anti-fibrotic efficacy, with higher cell viability and stronger migration ability compared with treatment with BM-MSCs only. These findings support improving the efficiency of MSCs transplantation as a potential therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE： To study the mechanism of wound healing promotion of Panax notoginseng-Bletilla striata gum sponge on diabetic foot ulcer （DFU） model rats. METHODS： Healthy SD rats were selected and given high-lipid and high-glucose diet， intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin once to establish diabetes model. Neodymium-iron-boron magnet was used to press the back of rats to make ulcer wound then established DFU model. Totally 60 DFU model rats were randomly divided into group A（blank group， i.e. normal saline gauze group）， group B（vaseline gauze group），group C （gelatin sponge group） and group D （P. notoginseng-B. striata gum sponge group）， with 15 rats in each group. The rats were given corresponding gauze/sponge to cover the wound for intervention treatment， changing dressing once every 1-2 days. On the 3rd and 7th day after intervention， the wound healing of rats in each group was observed with naked eyes， and the wound healing rate was calculated. The wound margin tissue was collected to obtain HE staining section， and histopathological observation was conducted under microscope. mRNA expression of β-catenin， GSK-3β and Rspo3 in wound tissue were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS： On the 3rd and 7th day after intervention， compared with group A， B， C， healing rate of group D was increased significantly （P＜0.05）； inflammatory cell infiltration， collagen deposition， capillary and granulation tissue growth in wound tissue increased significantly. The mRNA expression levels of β-catenin and Rspo3 all increased， and those of GSK-3β all decreased； except for the difference of β-catenin at the 3rd day and GSK-3β at the 7th day after intervention between group D and group C were not significant， the difference of other indicators was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： P. notoginseng-B. striata gum sponge can effectively promote the wound healing in DFU model rats， the mechanism of which may be associated with up-regulating the expression of β-catenin and Rspo3 mRNA and down-regulating the expression of GSK-3β mRNA.

Objective: To report the operation methods and clinical effects of repairing finger tip defect with the free tibial dorsal nerve flap of the second toe. Methods: 13 patients with finger tip defects were repaired by the tibial dorsal nerve flap of the second toe. The area of finger tip defect was 2.5 cm×1.5 cm-1.3 cm×1.0 cm, and the area of cutting flap was 2.7 cm×1.7 cm-1.5 cm×1.1 cm. All donor site defects on the second toe were covered with full-thickness skin graft. Results: There were 13 cases in this group, and all the flaps and skin grafts were survived. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 to 18 months, with an average of 13 months. The appearance of the fingers was satisfied and the sensory recovery was good. Two-point discrimination of the flaps returned to 7-13 mm, with an average of 9 mm. According to the total active move(TAM)scale, results were excellent in 11 fingers, good in 1 finger, and fair in 1 finger. The donor site skin graft was well healed, the second toe pulp was full, and the two-point discrimination of the toe pulps were 6-10 mm, with an average of 8 mm. Conclusions Compared to the traditional method of repairing finger tip defect with the tibial inherent nerve flap of the second toe, our new method can reduce the damage to the donor site, and we can repair finger tip defect as well as the traditional one at the same time. So it was a better operative method to repair finger tip defect with the tibial dorsal nerve flap of the second toe.