BACKGROUND:Research on carbon nanomaterials in the biomedical field is booming,and related scientific research results are increasing year by year.However,visualization analysis of the annual number of publications,the research status of countries,institutions,authors,and research hotspots and trends in this field is relatively scarce. OBJECTIVE:To present the research status of carbon nanomaterials in biomedical field,reveal the main research subjects,explore the research hotspots and development trends,and provide a reference for the future development of this field. METHODS:The core data set of Web of Science was used as the literature source to search the relevant researches on carbon nanomaterials in the biomedical field from 2012 to 2023.The knowledge map was generated by using Citespace software with countries,institutions,authors,keywords,and co-citations as nodes and for visualization analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 2 932 papers were included in this study.In the medical field,carbon nanomaterials had a large number of papers and a fast growth rate.The United States has a large number of papers;China is an emerging force in this field,although the number of papers is the largest,but the level of research and influence need to be improved.The Chinese Academy of Sciences is the largest cooperative network institution,which mainly targets domestic institutions and lacks cooperation with well-known foreign institutions.(2)Keyword analysis displays that the green synthesis method and application of displaying carbon points have been the focus of research,followed by the new method of combining carbon nanomaterials with cancer phototherapy and immunotherapy,the key direction of future research.(3)The dynamic development trend of co-citations suggests that tissue engineering is a hot research topic of carbon nanomaterials in the field of biomedicine,mainly including the research of carbon nanomaterials for the repair and regeneration of heart and nerve tissue and as a bio-ink additive for 3D and 4D bioprinting.(4)In the future,with the development of the biomedical field in the direction of precision and treatment,researchers should speed up the creation of carbon-based systems formed by the combination of scientific and effective carbon nanomaterials with science and technology,new polymers or organic molecules,and new therapeutic methods,so as to give full play to the maximum effect of carbon nanomaterials.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of stent-assisted thrombectomy combined with intermediate catheter aspiration in the treatment of acute basilar artery occlusive cerebral infarction.Methods Eighty patients with acute basilar artery occlusive cerebral infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology of Cangzhou People's Hospital from July 2022 to July 2023 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into the control group(stent-assisted thrombectomy)and the observation group(stent-assisted thrombectomy combined with intermediate catheter aspiration)according to the treatment method,with 40 patients in each group.The neurological deficit of the patients in both groups was evaluated by using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)before and after the intervention;the vascular recanalization of the patients was evaluated by using the modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction(mTICI)grade;and the clinical prognosis of the patients was assessed by using the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at 3 months after treatment(mRS score ≤2:favorable prognosis;mRS score＞2:poor prognosis).A 12-month postoperative follow-up was conducted to monitor the incidence of complications and the mortality rate.Results There was no significant difference in the NIHSS score of patients between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05);the NIHSS scores of patients in both groups at 24 hours and 3 months after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.01);the NIHSS scores of patients in the observation group at 24 hours and 3 months after treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.01).There were a total of 22 patients with mTICI grades of 2b and 3 in the control group,and the first vascular recanalization rate was 55.0％(22/40);there were a total of 35 patients with mTICI grades of 2b and 3 in the observation group,and the first vascular recanalization rate was 87.5％(35/40);and the first vascular recanalization rate of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(x2=0.375,P＞0.05).Three months after treatment,there were 13 patients in the control group with an mRS score of 0 to 2,and the favorable prognosis rate was 32.5％(13/40);there were 21 patients in the observation group with an mRS score of 0 to 2,and the favorable prognosis rate was 52.5％(21/40);the favorable prognosis rate of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(x2=6.619,P＜0.05).During the 12-month follow-up,stroke-associated pneumonia occurred in 18 patients(45.0％),cerebral hernia occurred in 5 patients(12.5％),symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 4 patients(10.0％),and 12 patients died,with a fatality rate of 30.0％in the control group;while in the observation group,stroke-associated pneumonia occurred in 10 patients(25.0％),cerebral hernia occurred in 4 patients(10.0％),symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage hemorrhage occurred in 2 patients(5.0％),and 8 patients died,with a fatality rate of 12.0％.There was no significant difference in the incidence of cerebral hernia and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage between the observation group and control group(x2=0.125,0.721;P＞0.05).The incidence of stroke-associated pneumonia and the fatality rate of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(x2=4.016,3.954;P＜0.05).Conclusion Stent-assisted thrombectomy combined with intermediate catheter aspiration can effectively improve the first recanalization rate and enhance the neurological function and prognosis of patients with acute basilar artery occlusive cerebral infarction.

Objective:To explore the causes of the crosstalk in the gross α and gross β measurement using an MPC 9604 low background α/β counter.Methods:With the A4 copy paper (70 g/m 2), polyethylene (PE) films (8.7 g/m 2), and 304 stainless steel seperately as shielding materials, the gross α and gross β experiments, gamma spectrometry experiments and solid state nuclear track detection (SSNTD) experiments were conducted by using 241Am and 40K standard materials. A comprehensive analysis encompassing statistical analysis and nuclear physics analysis was performed to reveal the impact of contributing factors on the crosstalk in the gross α and gross β measurement with an MPC 9604 low background α/β counter. Results:241Am powder source experimental result: when two sheets of copy paper were used in the experiment, α-rays did not generate one count in the β channel of the low background α/β counter. The same test with the shielding material of two layers of PE films showed that the α count rate further decreased by about 36.5%, while the β count rate hardly changed. The gross α and gross β experiments and γ spectrometry with the shielding material of stainless steel demonstrated that the characteristic γ ray peaking at 59.5 keV of the 241Am powder source did not generate one count in the β channel. 40K powder source experimental result: when the source was covered with steel of total thickness of 0.965 mm in the gross α and gross β experiments, the γ rays of 40K did not generate one count in the β channel. Compared with naked 40K powder source, when source was covered with one and two sheets of copy paper, the gross α count rate decreased approximately from 3.30 × 10 -3 to 1.50 × 10 -3 and 1.75 × 10 -3, respectively. The SSNTD indicated the presence of other α nuclides in 40K powder source. Conclusions:The β counting in the β channel with the 241Am powder source using MPC 9604 low background α/β counter was, instead of α-rays, caused by the internal conversion electrons and the characteristic X rays of 11.870-22.402 keV emitted from the 241Am powder source, thus this is not a true α/β crosstalk. The α counting in α channel with the 40K powder source, except the contribution of impurity α nuclides, was mainly attributed to the α signals arising from β particles when the amplitude of the piled-up β pules exceeded the discrimination threshold of the detector, therefore it is a true crosstalk.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted high-resolution computed tomo-graphy(HRCT)in degree of invasion of early lung adenocarcinoma with subsolid nodules(SSN).Methods Ninety patients(a total of 90 SSN)with pulmonary SSN on AI-assisted HRCT scans were selected as the study subjects.According to the degree of invasion in pathology,the cases were divided into invasive adenocarcinoma(IAC)group(48 cases)and non-invasive adenocarcinoma(non-IAC)group(42 cases).The differences in general information,pulmonary SSN morphological characteristics,and related parameters were compared between the two groups.The influencing factors were analyzed using a multiple logistic regression model,and a nomo-gram prediction model was constructed.The diagnostic efficacy of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,calibration curves,and clinical decision curves.Results Between the two groups,there were statistically significant differences in age,nodular nature,shape,tumor-lung interface,vacuole sign,burr sign,air-bronchial sign,vascular bunching sign and pleural indentation sign.Compared with the non-IAC group,the CT maximum value,energy,variance of CT value,CT average value,maximum surface area,mean long and short diameter,3D long diameter,surface area,volume,mass and entropy of the IAC group significantly increased,while the CT minimum value,compactness and sphericity of the IAC group significantly decreased.The results of multiple logistic regression model showed that burr sign,vascular bunching sign,tumor-lung interface,mass,pleural indentation sign,and CT average value were independent risk factors affecting the development of SSN into early IAC.Finally,a nomogram pre-diction model was constructed based on risk factors,and the results of ROC curves,calibration curves and clinical decision curves showed that the predictive model had good diagnostic efficacy.Conclusion HRCT imaging features assisted by AI have a high pre-dictive value for the degree of invasion in early lung adenocarcinoma with SSN,and focusing on the burr sign,vascular bunching sign,tumor-lung interface,mass,pleural indentation sign,and CT average value can improve clinical treatment and prognosis for patients.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Banxia Xiexintang （BXT） on the proliferation of human gastric cancer HGC-27， MKN-45， and AGS cells and its mechanism. MethodCell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of BXT-containing serum （5%， 10%， and 20%） on the proliferation of HGC-27， MKN-45， and AGS cells. A mitochondrial membrane potential probe （TMRE） was used to detect the expression of mitochondrial membrane potential in cells. A kit was used to detect iron ion （Fe²⁺） content， lipid peroxide （LPO）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of glycogen synthase3β （GSK3β）， phosphorylated GSK3β （p-GSK3β）， nuclear factor E₂ related factor 2 （Nrf2）， and glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）. The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of member 11 of the cystine/glutamic acid reverse transporter solute vector family 7 （SLC7A11）， member 2 of the heavy chain solute vector family 3 （SLC3A2）， transferrin receptor 3 （TFRC）， and tumor protein （TP）53. ResultCCK-8 results showed that BXT and capecitabine could significantly reduce the survival rate of three kinds of gastric cancer cells after treatment with drug-containing serum for 24 h （P<0.01）. After 48 h of intervention with drug-containing serum， the survival rate of three kinds of gastric cancer cells was significantly decreased in both the capecitabine group and the BXT group compared with the blank group. The BXT group was dose-dependent， with 20% BXT having the most significant effect （P<0.01）. In terms of biochemical indicators of ferroptosis， compared with the blank group， BXT and capecitabine significantly decreased the expression of mitochondrial membrane potential （P<0.01） and SOD activity （P<0.01） and significantly increased the contents of LPO and Fe²⁺ （P<0.01）， so as to improve the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to ferroptosis. In terms of the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway， compared with the blank group， the BXT group could reduce the protein expressions of p-GSK3β， Nrf2， and GPX4 （P<0.01） in gastric cancer cells and increase mRNA expressions of SLC7A11 and SLC3A2 （P<0.05）. It could also increase the protein expression of GSK3β （P<0.01） and mRNA expression of TP53 and TFRC （P<0.05， P<0.01） in gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway induces ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells. Compared with the capecitabine group， the 20% BXT group showed a more obvious effect. ConclusionBanxia Xiexintang can induce ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells HGC-27， MKN-45， and AGS by inhibiting the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway.

kV X-ray radiotherapy was the primary mode of radiotherapy widely used to treat many types of cancer, including deep tumors, before the invention of the Co-60 therapy machine and the electron linear accelerator, which gradually replaced kV X-ray radiotherapy. kV X-ray radiotherapy equipment requires less space and shielding, and still has application value in the treatment of skin lesions and superficial tumors. Especially in recent years, kV X-ray has been used in the treatment of keloid, and electronic brachytherapy equipment has been used in intracavitary, intraoperative, and superficial radiotherapy. Therefore, kV X-ray radiotherapy has seen renewed application. The quality control of kV X-ray radiotherapy equipment is the key to ensure the treatment effect and safety of patients. This paper reviews the current status of quality control of kV X-ray radiotherapy equipment and provides a reference for the formulation of quality control assessment standards for kV X-ray radiotherapy equipment.

Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is a refractory autoimmune disease that can cause symmetrical polyarticular disease. The key mechanism of its occurrence and development is the dysequilibrium of helper T cell 17 （Th17）/regulatory T cell （Treg） balance. Therefore， reconstructing Th17/Treg balance may be a new strategy for the treatment of RA. Traditional Chinese medicine has significant advantages in the treatment of RA such as integrity， multi-target， multi-link and multi-path. This paper summarizes the basic and clinical studies on the regulation of Th17/Treg balance in the treatment of RA by traditional Chinese medicine in the past five years， and finds that the active components/sites of traditional Chinese medicine such as flavonoids， alkaloids and terpenes have unique advantages in the regulation of Th17/Treg balance. The traditional Chinese medicine compound formula interferes with Th17/Treg balance by exerting the effects of dispelling wind， dehumidifying， removing blood stasis， unblocking collaterals， relieving pain， dispersing cold and strengthening health. The effect of external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is obvious and can be used as a clinical adjuvant therapy for RA； related mechanisms of action include regulating the production of inflammatory factors， regulating the expression of transcription factors and interfering with the activation of signaling pathways. However， the existing research has the shortcomings of insufficient mechanism research， few clinical research， limited external treatment research of traditional Chinese medicine， and lack of combination therapy research， which need to be improved by follow- up research.

Objective:To investigate the correlations of urinary Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP) with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) allele and cognitive function in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods:Two hundred and fifty-nine AD patients or patients at prodromal AD stage, including SCD ( n=148), MCI ( n=65), and AD ( n=46), admitted to Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2019 to January 2021, were chosen. Results of neuropsychological assessment, ApoE alleles and urinary AD7c-NTP level were collected in all subjects. Correlations of AD7c-NTP with grading of ApoE alleles and neuropsychological assessment results were analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation. Results:Urinary AD7c-NTP level in AD group was significantly higher than that in MCI group and SCD group ( P<0.05). ApoE genotype test showed that, in these 259 subjects, 24 had ApoE genotype grading 1, 150 had APOE genotype grading 2, 10 had APOE genotype grading 3, and 75 had APOE genotype grading 4; compared with patients with ApoE genotype grading 1 and 2, patients with ApoE genotype grading 4 had significantly increased urinary AD7c-NTP level ( P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that urine AD7c-NTP level was positively correlated with ApoE genotype grading ( r s=0.264, P<0.001). Urinary AD7c-NTP level was negatively correlated with scores of Montreal cognitive assessment, auditory verbal learning test-N5, animal verbal fluency test and Boston naming test ( P<0.05), and positively correlated with shape trails tests-A and shape trails tests-B scores ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In AD patients or patients at prodromal AD stage, the higher the urinary AD7c-NTP level, the higher the ApoE genotype grading and the greater the decline in cognitive function.

ObjectiveTo establish a multi index fusion hand grip fatigue prediction model to evaluate the power-assisted effect of the glove exoskeleton prototype for extravehicular clothing. MethodsBP neural network algorithm was used to establish a hand fatigue prediction model. The related factors of hand fatigue were determined with isometric grasping fatigue experiment, and the input variables of BP neural network were determined as cylinder diameter, grasping force, grasping duration and root mean square of electromyography. The fatigue data corresponding to variables of each group were obtained through experiments and subjective fatigue measurement scales, and a fatigue evaluation model based on multi-source fusion of BP neural network algorithm was established. The relationship model between fatigue and assistance effect was established, and the assistance effect of the exoskeleton prototype was evaluated through the degree of fatigue relief. ResultsThe correlation coefficient was 0.974 between the predicted results of the model and the target value. Moreover, it effectively predicted the assistance effect of different prototypes. ConclusionThe BP neural network model established by combining the grasping strength, grasping object parameters and human electromyography can predict hand fatigue, which can be used to evaluate the assistance effect of glove exoskeleton and other hand aids.

Objective To perform microscopic identification for the roots of Actinidia macrosperma C.F. Liang, Actinidia valvata Dunn, Actinidia arguta (Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq., Actinidia chinensis Planch., and provide the basis for judging medicinal materials exactly. Methods The powder microscopic characteristics of 4 medicinal plants of Actinidia genus were observed by microscopic identification method. Results Taking the morphological characteristics of calcium oxalate clusters, starch granules and ducts as the main differences, a key table was compiled to identify the roots of these four medicinal plants. Conclusion The microscopic identification method could effectively distinguish 4 Chinese herbs of Actinidia genus, and which is worth further studying.