Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of salidroside on1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease(PD)in mice.Methods C57BL/6J mice were induced by MPTP to establish a PD mouse model and the movement track of mice was re-corded by open field experiment.The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH),α-synuclein(α-syn),nuclear factor E2 associated factor 2(Nrf2)and quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1)were detected by immunohistochemistry in brain tissue of mice.SN4741 cells were stimulated by MPTP to establish a PD cell model in vitro.MPTP stimulation of SN4741 cells to establish an in vitro cell mod-el of PD.After pretreatment with salidroside,TUNEL was used to detect cell apoptosis in each group.The expressions of TH,α-syn,Nrf2 and NQO1 were detected by immunofluorescence.Nrf2 expres-sion was knocked down by being transfected with si-RNA,and apoptosis condition was detected by TUNEL assay.The expression levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-18(IL-18)protein in brain tissue extract and cell culture were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The open field experiment results showed that salidroside could improve 3 min total distance of activity,average speed and activity track of PD mice(P＜0.05).Compared with the PD model mice,the salidroside treated mice showed significantly increased expression of TH,Nrf2 and NQO1 in the brain,and reduced expression of IL-18,α-Syn,IL-1β.Compared with the MPTP stimulated cells,the salidroside pretreatment group showed a decrease in cell apoptosis and an increase in the expressions of TH,Nrf2 and NQO1,but reduced expressions in α-Syn,IL-1β and IL-18.After si-RNA knockdown of Nrf2 expression,the protective effect of salidroside on MPTP stimulated cells weakened or even disappeared.Conclusion Salidroside may alleviate neuronal apoptosis by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway,which is expected to be a new drug for PD treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of salidroside on1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease(PD)in mice.Methods C57BL/6J mice were induced by MPTP to establish a PD mouse model and the movement track of mice was re-corded by open field experiment.The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH),α-synuclein(α-syn),nuclear factor E2 associated factor 2(Nrf2)and quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1)were detected by immunohistochemistry in brain tissue of mice.SN4741 cells were stimulated by MPTP to establish a PD cell model in vitro.MPTP stimulation of SN4741 cells to establish an in vitro cell mod-el of PD.After pretreatment with salidroside,TUNEL was used to detect cell apoptosis in each group.The expressions of TH,α-syn,Nrf2 and NQO1 were detected by immunofluorescence.Nrf2 expres-sion was knocked down by being transfected with si-RNA,and apoptosis condition was detected by TUNEL assay.The expression levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-18(IL-18)protein in brain tissue extract and cell culture were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The open field experiment results showed that salidroside could improve 3 min total distance of activity,average speed and activity track of PD mice(P＜0.05).Compared with the PD model mice,the salidroside treated mice showed significantly increased expression of TH,Nrf2 and NQO1 in the brain,and reduced expression of IL-18,α-Syn,IL-1β.Compared with the MPTP stimulated cells,the salidroside pretreatment group showed a decrease in cell apoptosis and an increase in the expressions of TH,Nrf2 and NQO1,but reduced expressions in α-Syn,IL-1β and IL-18.After si-RNA knockdown of Nrf2 expression,the protective effect of salidroside on MPTP stimulated cells weakened or even disappeared.Conclusion Salidroside may alleviate neuronal apoptosis by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway,which is expected to be a new drug for PD treatment.

Background::Joint dislocations significantly impact public health. However, a comprehensive study on the incidence, distribution, and risk factors for joint dislocations in China is lacking. We conducted the China National Joint Dislocation Study, which is a part of the China National Fracture Study conducted to obtain the national incidence and risk factors for traumatic fractures, and to investigate the incidence and risk factors for joint dislocations.Methods::For this national retrospective epidemiological study, 512,187 participants were recruited using stratified random sampling and probability-proportional-to-size method from January 19 to May 16, 2015. Participants who sustained joint dislocations of the trunk, arms, or legs (skull, sternum, and ribs being excluded) in 2014 were personally interviewed to obtain data on age, educational background, ethnic origin, occupation, geographic region, and urbanization degree. The joint-dislocation incidence was calculated based on age, sex, body site, and demographic factors. The risk factors for different groups were examined using multiple logistic regression.Results::One hundred and nineteen participants sustained 121 joint dislocations in 2014. The population-weighted incidence rate of joint dislocations of the trunk, arms, or legs was 0.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16, 0.27) per 1000 population in 2014 (men, 0.27 [0.20, 0.34]; women, 0.16 [0.10, 0.23]). For all ages, previous dislocation history (male: OR 42.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.03–148.90; female: OR 54.43, 95% CI: 17.37–170.50) and alcohol consumption (male: OR 3.50, 95% CI: 1.49–8.22; female: OR 2.65, 95% CI: 1.08–6.50) were risk factors for joint dislocation. Sleeping less than 7 h/day was a risk factor for men. Compared with children, women aged ≥15 years (female 15–64 years: OR 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04–0.61; female ≥65 years: OR 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.41) were less likely to sustain joint dislocations. Women with more than three children were at higher dislocation risk than women without children (OR 6.92, 95% CI: 1.18–40.78).Conclusions::The up-to-date data on joint dislocation incidence, distribution, and risk factors can be used as a reference for national healthcare, prevention, and management in China. Specific strategies for decreasing alcohol consumption and encouraging adequate sleeping hours should be developed to prevent or reduce dislocation incidents.Trial Registration::Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-EPR-15005878.

Objective:To explore the application and effect of autologous cartilage in rhinoplasty for patients with traumatic hernia and nasal dysfunction.Methods:From January 2017 to April 2019,30 patients with nasal trauma admitted to Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University were treated for 6 days to 14 years. All patients were accompanied by different degrees of nasal deformity and nasal ventilatory disorders. They were classified into three categories: light, medium and heavy. All of them were open at the same time. Rhinoplasty and nasal septum deviation correction. For mild to moderate nasal deformity and nasal ventilatory disorders, ear cartilage was used to modify the tip of the nose and strengthen the nasal septal cartilage support to modify the deformity of the nasal back. For severe nasal deformity and nasal ventilatory disorders, we engraved the costal cartilage into a "Y" shaped monolithic stent or flank costal cartilage to form a 2+1 or 4+1 stent, and the costal cartilage stent and the septal cartilage tail end were sutured. Reshape the nasal septum frame support and the nasal column to avoid collapse of the nose.Results:Three patients had a septal hematoma after operation and recovered normally after cleansing. All patients were followed up for 2 months to 2 years, and no complications such as nasal septum perforation and nasal bridge collapse occurred. The postoperative cure rate was 60.0% (18/30). All patients had a grade I nasal drop after surgery, and the effective rate was 100% (30/30). The patient′s preoperative measurement deviation was (6.85±2.43) mm, the postoperative measurement deviation was (2.4±1.58) mm, the preoperative nasal appearance VAS score was (1.93±1.31), and the postoperative nasal appearance VAS score was (6.60±1.16), the difference in facial appearance deviation and VAS score before and after surgery was statistically significant ( P<0.05). All patients had improved nasal ventilation after operation. The preoperative nasal ventilation VAS score was (1.97±1.07), the postoperative nasal ventilation VAS score was (6.53±1.04), and the difference between preoperative and postoperative nasal ventilation VAS scores was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Autologous cartilage is effective in rhinoplasty in patients with traumatic nasal contraction and nasal dysfunction. One stage open rhinoplasty and nasal septum deviation surgery are performed to shorten the treatment time and improve the nasal appearance and nasal ventilation function. The patients got satisfaction.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk factors in Jingyuan county of Ningxia Autonomous Region.Methods The population proportionate sampling method was applied to enroll a representative sample of 10 639 adults in Jingyuan county and the study was conducted using questionnaires and physical examinations.A total of 10 553 people were included in the analysis after excluding those with missing data.High-resolution ultrasound was used to examine the liver and fasting blood was collected in the morning for measurement of blood glucose,blood lipid,and uric acid.The participants were divided into two groups of those with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease;the difference in blood biochemical indexes between fatty liver and non-fatty liver groups was compared,and the logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors affecting the prevalence of fatty liver.Results The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was 7.60％.The prevalence of thyroid nodules was higher in men than in women (8.60％ vs.6.82％,x2=1 1.772,P=0.001).The prevalence rate of fatty liver increased with age (x2=57.336,P＜0.001),the prevalence rates among ≥18 years-＜29 years,≥30 years-＜39 years,≥40years-＜49 years,≥50 years-＜59 years,≥60 years-＜69 years,and above 70 years were 2.92％,6.50％,8.81％,9.59％,8.08％,and 4.77％ respectively.The detection rate of overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,hypertension,hyperuricemia,and dyslipidemia were higher in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group than in the normal group (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group had a higher risk for overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,hypertension,hyperurcemia,and dyslipidemia (OR=5.41,12.45,2.99,1.85,2.05,3.30,1.41,2.23,and 1.98).Conclusion The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver in Jingyuan county of Ningxia Autonomous Region was higher.The groups of overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,hypertension,hyperuricemia,and dyslipidemia were high risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Objective To investigate the prevalences of the obesity and hypertension in southern mountain regions of Ningxia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of 10 639 adults using questionnaires, physical examinations, and blood pressure measurement in southern mountain areas with a population proportionate sampling method. Results The prevalences of overweight,obesity,central obesity,high percentage of body fat,and hypertension were 33.53%,10.71%,19.50%,27.69%,and 31.57% respectively, which were 30.31%,9.62%,16.70%,24.90%,and 27.61% after age-adjustment in rural areas of Ningxia,and increased with aging(Ptrend<0.05). The prevalences of overweight,obesity,and hypertension were higher in males than those in females(P<0.05),and that of central obesity was higher in females than in males(P=0.003).The prevalences of hypertension in subjects with overweight, obesity, central obesity, high percentage of body fat were 38. 14%, 53.75%,52.69%,and 48.90%,respectively. Body mass index,waist circumference,and percentage of body fat were positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure(P<0.05). The multivariable logistic model revealed that the risk of hypertension in different types of obesity increased about 1.5 times. Conclusion There is high prevalence of obesity and hypertension among the adults in southern mountain areas of Ningxia. The prevalence of hypertension in obesity,central obesity,and high percentage of body fat is closed to or more than half of the population investigated.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among adults in the southern mountains of Ningxia Hui Aulonomous Region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of 10 639 adults in the southern mountains using a population proportionate-sampling method in 2014. Questionnaires were completed and physical and laboratory examinations were performed. A total of 10 172 subjects were included in the analysis after excluding those with missing data. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed according to "Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults" (2007). Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 33.90%, 0.30%, 12.52%, 28.53%, and 1.14%, and the age-specific prevalence was 32.42%, 0.29%, 10.97%, 27.70%, and 1.07%, respectively. Borderline high triglycerides and borderline increased LDL-C were found in 13.09% and 6.52% of the study population, respectively. The rates of hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL-C, and dyslipidemia were higher in males than in females (P<0.05). The prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in the group characterized by the risk factors of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperuricemia, smoking, and drinking, compared to those without these factors (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in men than in women, and the differences were statistically significant. Hypertriglyceridemia and decreased HDL-C were the two major types of dyslipidemia. Obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperuricemia, smoking, and drinking alcohol increased the risk of dyslipidemia.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and thyroid dysfunction in southern mountainouss areas of Ningxia.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of 10 639 adults in Jingyuan county with a population proportionate sampling method.High-resolution ultrasound was used to examine the thyroid and fasting blood specimens were collected in the morning for measurement of TSH,FT4,FT3.Chi-square test and spearman rank correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results The prevalence of thyroid nodules was 29.08％,the sex-and age-adjusted rate was 27.17％.The prevalence of thyroid nodules was higher in women than in men (32.68％ vs.24.88％,x2=76.029 2,P＜0.001) and age was positively associated with thyroid nodules (r=0.272,P＜0.001).The rate of thyroid dysfunetion,subclinical hypothyroidism,subclinical hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,hyperthyroidism were 17.39％,13.00％,0.42％,0.96％,3.01％,respectively.The prevalence of thyroid nodules was higher in abnormal TSH group than in normal TSH group (39.44％ vs.27.24％,x2=95.624 0,P＜0.001).The level of THS,FT3,FT4 in thyroid nodules group differed fromn control group (Z=-9.144,P＜0.001;Z=-6.140,P＜0.001;Z=-1.997,P=0.046).Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid nodules and thyroid dysfunction were higher in southern mountainous areas of Ningxia.The relationship between thyroid nodules and thyroid function needs further research.We should pay attention to the early screening and diagnosis of thyroid nodules in mountainous areas.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features and trends of humeral intercondylar fractures at our hospital from 2003 through 2012.Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed of all the patients with humeral intercondylar fracture who had been treated between January 2003 and December 2012 at our institute.The patients' age,gender,fracture site and AO classification were documented.The data between 2003 and 2007 were classified as group A while the data between 2008 and 2012 as group B.The epidemiological characteristics during the 10 years concerning age,gender and fracture type were compared between the 2 groups.Results A total of 303 humeral intercondylar fractures were recorded,accounting for 5.29％ of the distal humeral fractures,3.39％ of the elbow fractures and 0.24％ of the total fractures at the same period.They involved 197 males and 106 females,with a male/female ratio of 1.86∶ 1.The high-risk age group was adolescent and middle-aged adults,accounting for 63.70％.The high-risk type was type 13-C2,accounting for 44.00％.There were 171 and 132 cases in group A and group B,accounting for 5.40％ and 5.17％ of the contemporary distal humeral fractures,3.72％ and 3.05％ of the contemporary elbow fractures,and 0.26％ and 0.22％ of all the contemporary fractures,respectively,showing no significant differences between the 2 groups(P ＞ 0.05).In groups A and B respectively,the male/female ratios were 1.44∶1 and 2.67∶ 1,the proportions of adolescents and the middle-aged 58.48％ and 70.45％,the proportions of type 13-C1 35.83％ and 18.10％,and the proportions of type 13-C3 14.17％ and 44.76％,showing significant differences between the 2 groups in all the above comparisons (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The humeral intercondylar fractures were common in the adolescent and middle-aged patients,with a male predominance (about twice more in males).Compared with the first five years,the latter 5 years witnessed increased proportions of males,adolescent and middle-aged patients,and type 13-C3 but a decreased proportion of type 13-C1.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features and trends of adult fractures at the base of the first metacarpal bone in The Third Mfiliated Hospital to Hebei Medical University from 2003 through 2012.Methods The data of human fractures treated between January 2003 to December 2012 at our hospital were collected through the PACS system and case reports checking system.Adult fractures at the base of the first metacarpal bone were included in the present study and assigned into 2 groups,group A containing the data between 2003 and 2007 and group B the data between 2008 and 2012.Comparison and analysis was done with analytic items of gender,age and fracture type.Results A total of 378 adult fractures at the base of the first metacarpal bone were included,accounting for 1.92％ of hand fractures and 0.35％ of the total adult fractures at the same period.The fractures involved 311 males (82.28％) and 67 females (17.72％).The youth group had 254 fractures with the highest constituent ratio (67.20％).The right side was involved in 286 cases (75.66％) and the left side in 92 (24.34％).There were 198 cases of extra-articular fracture with the highest constituent ratio (52.38％).Group A had 200 fractures,a male to female ratio of 6.14∶ 1,a median age of 34 years,the highest constituent ratio in youth (73.50％) and in type A1 fractures (53.50％);group B had 178 fractures,a male to female ratio of 3.56∶ 1,a median age of 40 years,the highest constituent ratio in youth (60.11％) and in type A1 fractures (51.12％).Compared with group A,group B had a higher constituent ratio of females,older ages,a higher constituent ratio of elderly patients,a lower constituent ratio of youth,and a lower constituent ratio of type C1 fractures.All these differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions During the 10 year,the adult fractures at the base of the first metacarpal bone accounted for 1.92％ of hand fractures and 0.35％ of the total adult fractures at the same period.The fractures occurred mostly in men and in the age range of 16 to 44 years.About 3/4 of them occurred on the right side.Compared with the first 5 years,the latter 5 years witnessed increasing trends of female and elderly patients and decreasing trends of young patients and type C1 fractures.