ObjectiveTo unveil the mechanism of Jianpi Huogu prescription （JPHGP） in ameliorating the dyslipidemia of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femur head （SONFH） by oxylipidomics combined with transcriptomics. MethodsSixty SD rats were assigned into normal， model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （2.5， 5， 10 g·kg^-1， respectively） JPHGP， and Jiangushengwan （1.53 g·kg^-1） groups. Lipopolysaccharide was injected into the tail vein at a dose of 20 μg·kg^-1 on days 1 and 2， and methylprednisolone sodium succinate was injected at a dose of 40 mg·kg^-1 into the buttock muscle on days 3 to 5. The normal group received an equal volume of normal saline. Drug administration by gavage began 4 weeks after the last injection， and samples were taken after administration for 8 weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was conducted to reveal the histopathological changes of the femoral head， and the number of adipocytes， the rate of empty bone lacunae， and the trabecular area were calculated. Micro-computed tomography was used for revealing the histological and histomorphometrical changes of the femoral head. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the serum levels of triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， low-density lipoprotein （LDL）， high-density lipoprotein （HDL）， apolipoprotein A1 （ApoA1）， and apolipoprotein B （ApoB）. At the same time， the femoral head was collected for oxylipidomic and transcriptomic detection. The differential metabolites and differential genes were enriched and analyzed， and the target genes regulating lipid metabolism were predicted. The predicted target proteins were further verified by molecular docking， immunohistochemistry， and Western blot. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showcased thinning of the femoral head， trabecular fracture， karyopyknosis， subchondral cystic degeneration， increases in the number of adipocytes and the rate of empty bone lacunae （P<0.01）， a reduction in the trabecular area （P<0.01）， decreases in BMD， Tb.Th， Tb.N， and BV/TV， and increases in Tb.Sp and BS/BV （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the JPHGP groups showed no obvious thinning of the femoral head or subchondroidal cystic degeneration. The high- and medium-dose JPHGP groups presented declines in the number of adipocytes and the rate of empty bone lacunae， an increase in the trabecular area （P<0.05， P<0.01）， rises in BMD， Tb.Th， Tb.N， and BV/TV， and decreases in Tb.Sp and BS/BV （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group showcased raised serum levels of TG， TC， LDL， and ApoB and lowered serum levels of HDL and ApoA1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the JPHGP groups had lowered serum levels of TG， TC， LDL， and ApoB （P<0.05， P<0.01） and a risen serum level of ApoA1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， the serum level of HDL in the high-dose JPHGP group increased （P<0.01）. A total of 19 different metabolites of disease set and drug set were screened out by oxylipidomics of the femoral head， and 119 core genes with restored expression were detected by transcriptomics. The enriched pathways were mainly concentrated in inflammation， lipids， apoptosis， and osteoclast differentiation. Molecular docking， immunohistochemistry， and Western blot results showed that compared with the normal group， the model group displayed increased content of 5-lipoxygenase （5-LO） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） in the femoral head （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， medium- and high-dose JPHGP reduced the content of 5-LO and PPARγ （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionJPHGP can restore the levels of oxidized lipid metabolites by regulating the 5-LO-PPARγ axis to treat SONFH in rats. Relevant studies provide experimental evidence for the efficacy mechanism of JPHGP in the treatment of SONFH.

ObjectiveTo unveil the mechanism of Jianpi Huogu prescription （JPHGP） in ameliorating the dyslipidemia of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femur head （SONFH） by oxylipidomics combined with transcriptomics. MethodsSixty SD rats were assigned into normal， model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （2.5， 5， 10 g·kg^-1， respectively） JPHGP， and Jiangushengwan （1.53 g·kg^-1） groups. Lipopolysaccharide was injected into the tail vein at a dose of 20 μg·kg^-1 on days 1 and 2， and methylprednisolone sodium succinate was injected at a dose of 40 mg·kg^-1 into the buttock muscle on days 3 to 5. The normal group received an equal volume of normal saline. Drug administration by gavage began 4 weeks after the last injection， and samples were taken after administration for 8 weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was conducted to reveal the histopathological changes of the femoral head， and the number of adipocytes， the rate of empty bone lacunae， and the trabecular area were calculated. Micro-computed tomography was used for revealing the histological and histomorphometrical changes of the femoral head. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the serum levels of triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， low-density lipoprotein （LDL）， high-density lipoprotein （HDL）， apolipoprotein A1 （ApoA1）， and apolipoprotein B （ApoB）. At the same time， the femoral head was collected for oxylipidomic and transcriptomic detection. The differential metabolites and differential genes were enriched and analyzed， and the target genes regulating lipid metabolism were predicted. The predicted target proteins were further verified by molecular docking， immunohistochemistry， and Western blot. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showcased thinning of the femoral head， trabecular fracture， karyopyknosis， subchondral cystic degeneration， increases in the number of adipocytes and the rate of empty bone lacunae （P<0.01）， a reduction in the trabecular area （P<0.01）， decreases in BMD， Tb.Th， Tb.N， and BV/TV， and increases in Tb.Sp and BS/BV （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the JPHGP groups showed no obvious thinning of the femoral head or subchondroidal cystic degeneration. The high- and medium-dose JPHGP groups presented declines in the number of adipocytes and the rate of empty bone lacunae， an increase in the trabecular area （P<0.05， P<0.01）， rises in BMD， Tb.Th， Tb.N， and BV/TV， and decreases in Tb.Sp and BS/BV （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group showcased raised serum levels of TG， TC， LDL， and ApoB and lowered serum levels of HDL and ApoA1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the JPHGP groups had lowered serum levels of TG， TC， LDL， and ApoB （P<0.05， P<0.01） and a risen serum level of ApoA1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， the serum level of HDL in the high-dose JPHGP group increased （P<0.01）. A total of 19 different metabolites of disease set and drug set were screened out by oxylipidomics of the femoral head， and 119 core genes with restored expression were detected by transcriptomics. The enriched pathways were mainly concentrated in inflammation， lipids， apoptosis， and osteoclast differentiation. Molecular docking， immunohistochemistry， and Western blot results showed that compared with the normal group， the model group displayed increased content of 5-lipoxygenase （5-LO） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） in the femoral head （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， medium- and high-dose JPHGP reduced the content of 5-LO and PPARγ （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionJPHGP can restore the levels of oxidized lipid metabolites by regulating the 5-LO-PPARγ axis to treat SONFH in rats. Relevant studies provide experimental evidence for the efficacy mechanism of JPHGP in the treatment of SONFH.

Abstract In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has risen rapidly, posing a serious threat to their physical and mental health. To provide scientific, systematic, and standardized weight management guidance for overweight and obese children and adolescents, the study focuses on the core concept of healthy lifestyle intervention, integrates multidisciplinary expert opinions and research findings,and proposes a comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention framework covering scientific exercise intervention, precise nutrition and diet, optimized sleep management, and standardized psychological support. It calls for the establishment of a multi agent collaborative management mechanism led by the government, implemented by families, fostered by schools, initiated by individuals, optimized by communities, reinforced by healthcare, and coordinated by multiple stakeholders. Emphasizing a child and adolescent centered approach, the consensus advocates for comprehensive, multi level, and personalized guidance strategies to promote the internalization and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. It serves as a reference and provides recommendations for the effective prevention and control of overweight and obesity, and enhancing the health level of children and adolescents.

Objective:To improve the understanding of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) secondary to Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in children.Methods:The clinical data of a child with ALL secondary to BL who was admitted to Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University in June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, and the relevant literature was reviewed.Results:The patient was a boy with the age of 8 years and 8 months. He presented with a neck mass at the age of 4 years and 6 months, and pathological examination revealed a diagnosis of BL with clinical stage Ⅲ. The patient was given regular chemotherapy according to the Chinese Children's Lymphoma Group non-Hodgkin lymphoma mature B-cell 2017 protocol-B2 regimen. PET-CT showed recurrence of lymphoma in 6 months after the suspension of treatment. The patient was given with placement of 125I particles, oral etoposide and dexamethasone, and traditional Chinese medicine. The patient was admitted to hospital at the age of 8 years and 8 months with fever and skin hemorrhagic spots, bone marrow morphology, immunology, cytogenetics and molecular biology typing indicated a diagnosis of B-ALL with TCF3::PBX1 fusion gene. The patient received induction chemotherapy according to the Chinese Children's Leukemia Group-ALL 2018 protocol. A review of bone marrow cytology achieved complete remission on the 33rd day of chemotherapy, and minimal residual disease detected by flow cytometry indicated less than 0.01%. TCF3::PBX1 fusion gene was negative. Conclusions:ALL secondary to BL in children is rare, and the ALL treatment regimens are effective.

Objective To explore the therapeutic mechanism of hot compress with Sangzhi Shengjiang Decoction(manily composed of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens,Mori Ramulus,Cinnamomi Ramulus,Speranskiae Tuberculatae Herba,and Cervi Cornus Colla)in relieving pain and improving hemorheology of patients with femoral head necrosis(FHN).Methods A total of 104 patients with FHN who admitted to Guang'anmen Hospital Baoding,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from May 2022 to May 2024 were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group according to the random number table method,with 52 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Alendronate Sodium orally,and the treatment group was given hot compress with Sangzhi Shengjiang Decoction on the basis of treatment for the control group.The course of treatment for the two groups covered three months.Before and after the treatment,the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score,Harris score of joint function,Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score for pain,and the levels of hemorheology indicators,bone metabolism indicators,and bone mineral density(BMD)of proximal femur and lumbar trabecular bone in the two groups were observed.After treatment,the clinical efficacy of patients in the two groups was evaluated.Results(1)After three months of treatment,the total effective rate of the treatment group was 92.31％(48/52)and that of the control group was 71.15％(37/52),and the intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the clinical efficacy of the treatment group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P<0.01).(2)After treatment,the scores of TCM symptoms such as soreness and weakness in the waist and knee,claudication,restlessness and insomnia,and soreness and heaviness of lower limbs in the two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decreases in the treatment group were significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).(3)After treatment,the Harris scores of joint function in the two groups were increased(P<0.05)and the VAS scores for pain were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the increase of Harris scores and the decrease of VAS scores in the treatment group were significantly superior to those in the control group(P<0.01).(4)After treatment,the levels of hemorheology indicators such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),whole blood low-shear viscosity(LBV),and whole blood high-shear viscosity(HBV)in the two groups were improved compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the improvement in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).(5)After treatment,the levels of bone metabolism indicators such as serum N-terminal mid-fragment of osteocalcin(N-MID)β-C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen(β-CTX)and total procollagen type Ⅰ N-terminal propeptide(T-PINP)levels of patients in the two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D[25-(OH)D]level was increased compared with that before treatment(P<0.05).The decrease of serum N-MID,β-CTX and T-PINP levels and the increase of serum 25-(OH)D level in the treatment group were significantly superior to those in the control group(P<0.01).(6)After treatment,BMD of proximal femur and lumbar trabecular bone in the two groups was increased compared with that before treatment(P<0.05),and the increase in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion Hot compress with Sangzhi Shengjiang Decoction exerts certain efficacy for the treatment of patients with FHN.The therapy is effective on reducing the scores of TCM syndrome,relieving pain,improving joint function,regulating bone metabolism and bone density,improving hemorheology indicators,and presenting remarkable therapeutic effect.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Taohong Siwu Decoction in recovering joint muscle strength and bone mineral density(BMD)in patients after hip preservation surgery for osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH).Methods A total of 110 ONFH patients admitted to Guang'anmen Hospital Baoding Branch,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from April 2022 to April 2024 were enrolled.The patients were equally randomized into a control group and a study group using a random number table,with 55 cases in each group.All patients underwent core decompression surgery and then were given postoperative conventional western medical treatment,and the study group received additional modified Taohong Siwu Decoction.The course of treatment lasted for 8 weeks.Before and after treatment,the two groups were observed in the changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score for pain,Harris hip score,joint muscle strength,bone mineral density(BMD),hemorheological parameters(including plasma viscosity,whole blood high-shear viscosity,and whole blood low-shear viscosity),and bone metabolism markers[including alkaline phosphatase(ALP),osteocalcin(BGP),and bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2)].After treatment,the clinical efficacy was evaluated between groups.Results(1)After 8 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate in the study group was 92.73%(51/55),which was significantly higher than that in the control group(72.73%,40/55).The intergroup comparison showed a statistically significant difference(χ2=7.698,P＜0.01).(2)After treatment,scores for hip pain,soreness and weakness of the lower back and knees,mental fatigue,and deep-thin-choppy pulse decreased in both groups compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).Moreover,the magnitude of reduction in all these scores was significantly greater in the study group than that in the control group(P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the VAS scores for pain severity decreased in both groups compared with baseline(P＜0.05),while the Harris scores for joint function increased in both groups(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the magnitude of reduction in VAS scores and the magnitude of improvement in Harris scores were both significantly greater in the study group than those in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)After treatment,plasma viscosity,high-shear whole blood viscosity,and low-shear whole blood viscosity decreased in both groups compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).Additionally,the reductions in all these parameters were significantly more pronounced in the study group than in the control group(P＜0.01).(5)After treatment,serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP)levels decreased in both groups(P＜0.05),while serum osteocalcin(BGP)and bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)levels increased in both groups(P＜0.05).Crucially,the magnitude of reduction in serum ALP levels and the magnitude of elevation in serum BGP and BMP-2 levels were all significantly greater in the study group than those in the control group(P＜0.01).(6)After treatment,in the study group,the number of patients with Grade 3 muscle strength significantly decreased while the number with Grade 4 muscle strength significantly increased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).In contrast,although the control group showed some improvement in joint muscle strength,the changes were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).After treatment,the intergroup comparisons showed that the study group had a significantly smaller number of patients with Grade 3 muscle strength and a significantly larger number with Grade 4 muscle strength than the control group(P＜0.01).(7)After treatment,both local femoral head BMD and average BMD increased in both groups compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).The magnitude of increase in both local and average BMD was significantly greater in the study group than that in the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion The application of Taohong Siwu Decoction in the treatment of in patients after hip preservation surgery for ONFH is effective on reducing TCM syndrome scores,alleviating pain,improving joint function and hemorheology,and restoring BMD and bone metabolism indicators,which enhances the overall clinical efficacy for the patients.

Objective To study the effect of practicing traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)guidance on the health in weightless conditions based on the examination results of the TCM diagnostic instrument.Methods 6 subjects in weightless conditions practiced TCM guidance for 14 consecutive days,once a day for 8 minutes each time.The Digital TCM Diagnostic Instrument and TCM Syndrome Diagnosis Scale were used to collect information before and after their practice of TCM guidance through diagnostic methods of observation,palpation and inquiry according to TCM theory.The data such as the degree of virtual-reality,pulse rate,and characteristic parameters of pulse diagrams h3/h1,h4/h1,t1,h1/t1 were processed and analyzed,and the changes before and after the practice were compared.Results Compared with before the practice,the degree of deficiency syndrome was significantly reduced after practicing TCM guidance(P<0.05),the pulse rate was significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the pulse diagnosis parameters h3/h1 and t1 were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while h4/h1 and h1/t1 showed no significant changes.Conclusion Practicing TCM guidance in weightless conditions is helpful for enhance cardiovascular regulatory function,correcting symptom bias,adjusting the body's balance state,and has a positive effect on health.

Objective:To examine the associations of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with early childhood BMI trajectories.Methods:A total of 1 227 mother-child pairs from the Peking University Birth Cohort in Tongzhou were included in this study. In the cohort, maternal pre-pregnancy weight, height, gestational weight gain, and GDM diagnosis were collected. The children were followed up at birth and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months of age to obtain height/length and weight data. The longitudinal data-based k-means clustering algorithm was used to identify early childhood BMI trajectory groups. The associations of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and GDM with early childhood BMI trajectories were analyzed using the logistic regression model. We further explored whether there is an interaction effect between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive gestational weight gain on the risk of the high BMI trajectory in early childhood through multiplicative and additive interaction analyses. Results:The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity before pregnancy were 21.2% (260 cases) and 6.6% (81 cases) respectively. The prevalence of excessive gestational weight gain and GDM was 57.7% (708 cases) and 30.9% (379 cases). The early childhood BMI trajectories were named low, medium, and high trajectories, accounting for 30.5%, 45.4% and 24.1%, respectively. After controlling potential confounding factors, it was found that pre-pregnancy overweight ( OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.12-2.12), obesity ( OR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.41-3.85), and excessive gestational weight gain ( OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.10-1.97) were risk factors for being in the high BMI trajectory in early childhood. GDM was not significantly associated with early childhood BMI trajectories ( P>0.05). Compared with the independent effects of pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity ( OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.17-3.09) and excessive gestational weight gain ( OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.03-2.04), the risk of being in the high BMI trajectory in early childhood was greater when the two factors coexisted ( OR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.60-3.54). However, both the multiplicative and additive models showed no interaction effect between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive gestational weight gain. Conclusions:Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive gestational weight gain are independent risk factors for children being in the high BMI trajectory in early childhood, providing scientific evidence for obesity prevention.

Objective:To investigate the role of an inflammatory microenvironment induced by Porphyromonasgingivalis ( P. gingivalis) in the occurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in mice. Methods:A total of 180 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, i.e. control group, P. gingivalis group, 4NQO group, 4NQO + P. gingivalis group, 4NQO + P. gingivalis + celecoxib group, and 4NQO + P. gingivalis + antibiotic cocktail (ABC, including metronidazole, neomycin, ampicillin, and vancomycin) group, with 30 mice in each group, using the random number table. All mice were normalized by treatment with ABC in drinking water for 2 weeks. In the following 2 weeks, the mice in the control group and the P. gingivalis group were given drinking water, while the other 4 groups were treated with 30 μg/ml 4NQO in the drinking water. In weeks 11-12, the mice in the P. gingivalis group, the 4NQO + P. gingivalis group, the 4NQO + P. gingivalis + celecoxib group, and the 4NQO + P. gingivalis + ABC group were subjected to ligation of the second molar in oral cavity followed by oral P. gingivalis infection thrice weekly for 24 weeks in weeks 11-34. In weeks 13-34, the mice in 4NQO + P. gingivalis+celecoxib group and 4NQO + P. gingivalis + ABC group were administered with celecoxib and ABC for 22 weeks, respectively. At the end of 34 weeks, gross and microscopic alterations were examined followed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry to examine the expression profiles of inflammatory- and tumor-molecules in esophagi of mice. Results:At 34 weeks, 4NQO treatment alone did not affect the foci of papillary hyperproliferation, diseased area, and the thickness of the esophageal wall, but significantly enhanced the foci of hyperproliferation (median 1.00, P＜0.05) and mild/moderate dysplasia (median 2.00, P＜0.01). In addition, the expression levels of IL-6 [8.35(3.45,8.99)], IL-1β [6.90(2.01,9.72)], TNF-α [12.04(3.31,14.08)], c-myc [2.21(1.80,3.04)], pSTAT3, Ki-67, and pH2AX were higher than those in the control group. The pathological changes of the esophageal mucosa were significantly more overt in the 4NQO + P. gingivalis group in terms of the foci of papillary hyperproliferation (median 2.00), diseased area (median 2.51 mm 2), the thickness of the esophageal wall (median 172.52 μm), the foci of hyperproliferation (median 1.00, P＜0.05), and mild/moderate dysplasia (median 1.00, P＜0.01). In mice of the 4NQO + P. gingivalis group, the expression levels of IL-6 [12.27(5.35,22.08)], IL-1β [13.89(10.04,15.96)], TNF-α [19.56(6.07,20.36)], IFN-γ [11.37(8.23,20.07)], c-myc [2.62(1.51,4.25)], cyclin D1 [4.52(2.68,7.83)], nuclear pSTAT3, COX-2, Ki-67, and pH2AX were significantly increased compared with the mice in the control group. In mice of the 4NQO + P. gingivalis group, the diseased area, invasive malignant foci as well as pSTAT3 and pH2AX expression were significantly blunted by celecoxib. Treatment with ABC markedly reduced the papillary hyperproliferative foci, invasive malignant foci, and pSTAT3 expression but not pH2AX. Conclusions:P. gingivalis promotes the occurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in mice by inducing an inflammatory microenvironment primed with 4NQO induced DNA damage. Clearance of P. gingivalis with ABC or anti-inflammatory intervention holds promise for prevention of esophageal squamous cell malignant pathogenesis via blockage of IL-6/STAT3 signaling and amelioration of inflammation.

BACKGROUND:A large number of domestic and international documents have confirmed that elevated interleukin-1β is associated with primary frozen shoulder.Interleukin-1B gene polymorphisms can affect the transcription and protein expression of interleukin 1β-related genes,resulting in altered levels of cytokines in vivo,and thus altering the incidence of primary frozen shoulder.Through the study of interleukin-1B gene polymorphism and susceptibility to primary frozen shoulder,this study aimed to explore new breakthroughs in the pathogenesis of primary frozen shoulder from the perspective of molecular biology,and to search for susceptibility genes of primary frozen shoulder. OBJECTIVE:To explore the association between linkage disequilibrium of three gene loci in interleukin-1B gene and susceptibility to primary frozen shoulder. METHODS:A case-control study was conducted.There were two groups in this study.One group consisted of 184 patients with primary frozen shoulder,while the other group included 260 healthy controls.The genotypes of interleukin-1B gene loci-511C/T(rs16944),+3954C/T(rs1143634),and-31C/T(rs1143627)were detected by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.The correlation between the probability of linkage disequilibrium and haplotypes and the risk of primary frozen shoulder disease was compared and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the proportion of CT genotypes at rs1143634 and rs1143627 sites increased significantly in the primary frozen shoulder.Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that rs16944,rs1143634 and rs1143627 tended to be balanced in the control group(D'value<0.1),while there was a certain degree of linkage disequilibrium at rs1143627 and rs1143634 sites in the primary frozen shoulder group(D'value=0.595).Haplotype TTT increased the risk of primary frozen shoulder by 6.66 times compared with CCT type(TTT,OR=6.66,95%CI=1.59-27.88,P=0.009 7).To conclude,there is a certain degree of linkage disequilibrium between interleukin-1B gene loci rs1143627and rs1143634 in patients with primary frozen shoulder;haplotype TTT formed by these three gene loci may increase the risk of developing primary frozen shoulder.