Objective To investigate the management and pollution status of dental unit waterlines(DUWLs)in a spe-cialized medical institution in Shanghai,providing data support for subsequent scientific infection control intervention measures.Methods Using a cross-sectional survey method and bacterial culture techniques,we investigated the disinfection management measures and bacterial contamination of DUWLs in the medical institution's dental treatment units.Results Among the 14 i-tems covered by the survey,there were significant differences in the implementation rates of each item,and the overall qualifica-tion rate of water samples from DUWLs was only 60.5％.Conclusion There are differences in the management of oral water use among clinical departments within specialized medical institutions in Shanghai,suggesting that the management level needs to be improved,and routine disinfection and maintenance of DUWLs should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the management and pollution status of dental unit waterlines(DUWLs)in a spe-cialized medical institution in Shanghai,providing data support for subsequent scientific infection control intervention measures.Methods Using a cross-sectional survey method and bacterial culture techniques,we investigated the disinfection management measures and bacterial contamination of DUWLs in the medical institution's dental treatment units.Results Among the 14 i-tems covered by the survey,there were significant differences in the implementation rates of each item,and the overall qualifica-tion rate of water samples from DUWLs was only 60.5％.Conclusion There are differences in the management of oral water use among clinical departments within specialized medical institutions in Shanghai,suggesting that the management level needs to be improved,and routine disinfection and maintenance of DUWLs should be strengthened.

Objective To analyze the relationship between serum forkhead box protein O1(FOXO1)and myeloid cell trigger receptor 2(TREM2)levels and brain edema volume and nerve function in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods Clinical data of 150 patients with cerebral hemorrhage(test group)who received treatment in our hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were retrospectively collected,and 60 healthy patients who came to our hospital for physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group.The levels of FOXO1 and TREM2 were compared between the two groups.Using the median FOXO1 and TREM2 as nodes,the patients were divided into high level and low level observation groups,and the differences of edema volume and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores were compared among different groups at admission,3 days after admission and 5 days after admission.Pearson analyzed the correlation of serum FOXO1 and TREM2 levels with edema volume and nerve function.Results The levels of FOXO1 and TREM2 in the observation group were(10.45±1.17)ng/ml and(23.96±1.57)ng/L,respectively,while those in the control group were(8.15±1.06)ng/L and(20.70±0.65)ng/L,respectively.There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).The brain edema volume and NIHSS score in patients with different FOXO1 level and TREM2 level were compared at F time point,F interaction,and F among groups(P＜0.05).The brain edema volume and NIHSS score showed a trend of change with time,and there were differences between groups.Higher FOXO1 and TREM2 level group had higher cerebral edema volume at admission,3 days after admission and 5 days after admission,and higher FOXO1 and TREM2 level group had higher scores at 3 days after admission and 5 days after admission(P＜0.05).The levels of FOXO1 and TREM2 were positively correlated with cerebral edema volume at admission,3 d and 5 d,and were positively correlated with 3 d and 5 d NIHSS scores at admission(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with cerebral hemorrhage have abnormal FOXO1 and TREM2 high expression,and FOXO1 and TREM2 levels are significantly positively correlated with brain edema volume and nerve function impairment.

Objective To analyze the relationship between serum forkhead box protein O1(FOXO1)and myeloid cell trigger receptor 2(TREM2)levels and brain edema volume and nerve function in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods Clinical data of 150 patients with cerebral hemorrhage(test group)who received treatment in our hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were retrospectively collected,and 60 healthy patients who came to our hospital for physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group.The levels of FOXO1 and TREM2 were compared between the two groups.Using the median FOXO1 and TREM2 as nodes,the patients were divided into high level and low level observation groups,and the differences of edema volume and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores were compared among different groups at admission,3 days after admission and 5 days after admission.Pearson analyzed the correlation of serum FOXO1 and TREM2 levels with edema volume and nerve function.Results The levels of FOXO1 and TREM2 in the observation group were(10.45±1.17)ng/ml and(23.96±1.57)ng/L,respectively,while those in the control group were(8.15±1.06)ng/L and(20.70±0.65)ng/L,respectively.There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).The brain edema volume and NIHSS score in patients with different FOXO1 level and TREM2 level were compared at F time point,F interaction,and F among groups(P＜0.05).The brain edema volume and NIHSS score showed a trend of change with time,and there were differences between groups.Higher FOXO1 and TREM2 level group had higher cerebral edema volume at admission,3 days after admission and 5 days after admission,and higher FOXO1 and TREM2 level group had higher scores at 3 days after admission and 5 days after admission(P＜0.05).The levels of FOXO1 and TREM2 were positively correlated with cerebral edema volume at admission,3 d and 5 d,and were positively correlated with 3 d and 5 d NIHSS scores at admission(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with cerebral hemorrhage have abnormal FOXO1 and TREM2 high expression,and FOXO1 and TREM2 levels are significantly positively correlated with brain edema volume and nerve function impairment.

Objective:To investigate the safety and feasibility of the CHESS endoscpic ruler (CHESS ruler), and the consistency between the measured values and the interpretation values by endoscopic physician experience.Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022, a total of 105 liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension were prospectively enrolled from General Hospital, Xixia Branch Hospital, Ningnan Hospital of People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (29 cases), and the First People′s Hospital of Yinchuan (25 cases), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (18 cases), Wuzhong People′s Hospital (10 cases), the Fifth People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (10 cases), Shizuishan Second People′s Hospital (6 cases), Yinchuan Second People′s Hospital (5 cases), and Zhongwei People′s Hospital (2 cases) 8 hospitals. The clinical characteristics of all the patients, including gender, age, nationality, etiolog of liver cirrhosis, and Child-Pugh classification of liver function were recorded. A big gastroesophageal varices was defined as diameter of varices ≥5 mm. Endoscopist (associated chief physician) performed gastroscopy according to the routine gastroscopy procedures, and the diameter of the biggest esophageal varices was measured by experience and images were collected, and then objective measurement was with the CHESS ruler and images were collected. The diameter of esophageal varices of 10 randomly selected patients (random number table method) was determined by 6 endoscopists (attending physician or associated chief physician) with experience or measured by CHESS ruler. Kappa test was used to test the consistency in the diameter of esophageal varices between measured values by CHESS ruler and the interpretation values by endoscopic physician experience.Results:Among 105 liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension, male 65 cases and female 40 cases, aged (54.8±12.2) years old, Han nationality 82 cases, Hui nationality 21 cases and Mongolian nationality 2 cases. The etiology of liver cirrhosis included chronic hepatitis B (79 cases), alcoholic liver disease (7 cases), autoimmune hepatitis (7 cases), chronic hepatitis C (2 cases), and other etiology (10 cases). Liver function of 32 cases was Child-Pugh A, Child-Pugh B 57 cases, and Child-Pugh C 16 cases. All 105 liver cirrhosis patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension were successfully measured the diameter of gastroesophageal varices by CHESS ruler, and the success rate of application of CHESS ruler was 100.0% (105/105). The procedure time from the CHESS ruler into the body to the exit of the body after measurement was (3.50±2.55) min. No complications happened in all the patients during measurement. Among 105 liver cirrhosis patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension, 96 cases (91.4%) were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices by the endoscopists. Totally 93 cases (88.6%) were considered as big gastroesophageal varices by CHESS ruler. Eight cases were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices by the endoscopist, however not by the CHESS ruler; 5 cases were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices by the CHESS ruler, but not by the endoscopists; 4 cases were not recognized as big gastroesophageal varices both by the endoscopists and CHESS ruler; 88 cases were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices both by the endoscopists and CHESS ruler. The missed diagnostic rate of big gastroesophageal varices by the endoscopists experience was 5.4% (5/93), and the Kappa value of consistency coefficient between the measurement by the CHESS ruler and the interpretation by endoscopists experience was 0.31 (95% confidence interval 0.03 to 0.60). The overall Kappa value of consistency coefficient by 6 endoscopists measured by CHESS ruler in big gastroesophageal varices diagnosis was 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.93).Conclusion:As an objective measurement tool, CHESS ruler can make up for the deficiency of subjective judgment by endoscopists, accurately measure the diameter of gastroesophageal varices, and is highly feasible and safe.