Objective To investigate the management and pollution status of dental unit waterlines(DUWLs)in a spe-cialized medical institution in Shanghai,providing data support for subsequent scientific infection control intervention measures.Methods Using a cross-sectional survey method and bacterial culture techniques,we investigated the disinfection management measures and bacterial contamination of DUWLs in the medical institution's dental treatment units.Results Among the 14 i-tems covered by the survey,there were significant differences in the implementation rates of each item,and the overall qualifica-tion rate of water samples from DUWLs was only 60.5％.Conclusion There are differences in the management of oral water use among clinical departments within specialized medical institutions in Shanghai,suggesting that the management level needs to be improved,and routine disinfection and maintenance of DUWLs should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the management and pollution status of dental unit waterlines(DUWLs)in a spe-cialized medical institution in Shanghai,providing data support for subsequent scientific infection control intervention measures.Methods Using a cross-sectional survey method and bacterial culture techniques,we investigated the disinfection management measures and bacterial contamination of DUWLs in the medical institution's dental treatment units.Results Among the 14 i-tems covered by the survey,there were significant differences in the implementation rates of each item,and the overall qualifica-tion rate of water samples from DUWLs was only 60.5％.Conclusion There are differences in the management of oral water use among clinical departments within specialized medical institutions in Shanghai,suggesting that the management level needs to be improved,and routine disinfection and maintenance of DUWLs should be strengthened.

Objective To discuss the application of the"rotating guidewire and correcting the filter recovery hook direction technique"("rotation-correction loop technique"for short),a technique invented by the authors in clinical practice,in the retrieval of complex inferior vena cava filter(IVCF),and to discuss its technical skills and advantages.Methods The clinical data of 417 patients carrying an IVCF,who were admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery of Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University of China to retrieve IVCF between January 2022 and December 2022,were retrospectively analyzed.Taking the time spent on the retrieval of IVCF and the intraoperative radiation dose as the evaluation indicators,the advantages and disadvantages of the standard filter retrieval technique,the"rotation-correction loop technique"and the other loop-assisted techniques were compared.Results Both the intraoperative radiation dose and the time spent on the retrieval of IVCF using"rotation-correction loop technique"were remarkably lower than those of other loop-assisted techniques(P＜0.000 1).Conclusion For the retrieval of complex IVCF,especially for the IVCF which is heavily tilted and/or its recovered hook is attached to the vascular wall,the use of"rotation-correction loop technique"can shorten the time spent on the the retrieval of IVCF and reduce the intraoperative radiation dose.This technique carries high safety and practicability,the device is simple and it can be manipulated by single physician,which is conducive to clinical application and promotion.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:289-294)

Objective:To investigate the effect of different negative pressure level on drain volume after augmentation mammoplasty through inframammary fold incision, and try to put forward the appropriate negative pressure level for the best prognosis of patients.Methods:This was a randomized controlled clinical study. Patients who underwent prosthetic augmentation mammoplasty through inframammary fold incision in the Medical Beauty Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to August 2021 were selected as the study subjects. Patients were divided into 4 groups by random number table method and different levels of negative pressure drainage were applied: 600 ml adjustable negative pressure drain bottle was used uniformly after operation by -80--85 kPa group, -40--60 kPa group, and -15--30 kPa group. In 0--5.2 kPa group, 300 ml drain drum was applied after operation. The criteria for drain removal was that the drain volume within 24 hours was less than 10 ml and the drainage fluid was clear. Daily drain volume, duration of drain placement, total drain volume, acceptance of the drain device and postoperative complications were recorded in the four groups. The corresponding indexes of each group were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21.0. Measurement data were expressed as Mean±SD. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between groups, and LSD- t test was used for pair comparison between groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 80 patients were included, 20 in each group. Inter-group equilibrium analysis: there was no significant difference in age, body mass index, distance from midclavicular point to nipple, distance from inferior mammary fold to nipple, and breast tissue thickness among 4 groups ( P>0.05). Evaluation of curative effect between groups: on the first and second day after operation, there was no significant difference in drain volume between -80--85 kPa group and -40--60 kPa group ( P>0.05), but there was significant difference among other groups ( P<0.05). There was significant difference in drain volume on the third day after operation, total drain volume and duration of drain placement between the four groups ( P<0.05). The lower the negative pressure level was, the less drain volume on the third day after surgery and the less total drain volume, and the shorter duration of drain placement. The duration of drain placement of the four groups were (5.6±0.7) d (-80--85 kPa group), (4.8±0.5) d (-40--60 kPa group), (4.0±0.5) d (-15--30 kPa group), and (3.2±0.4) d (0--5.2 kPa group), respectively. Safety evaluation: the complication rate of -80--85 kPa group, -40--60 kPa group, -15--30 kPa group and 0--5.2 kPa group were 2.5% (1/40), 2.5% (1/40), 0(0/40) and 15.0% (6/40), respectively. The complication rate of 0--5.2 kPa group was the highest. Investigation on the acceptance of the drainage device (no impact/dissatisfaction): 75 patients expressed dissatisfaction, with a dissatisfaction rate of 93.75%(75/80). Conclusion:In augmentation mammoplasty through inferior fold incision low negative pressure provides less drain volume, shorter drain placement. Negative pressure between -15 to -30 kPa is optimal.

Objective:To investigate the safety and feasibility of the CHESS endoscpic ruler (CHESS ruler), and the consistency between the measured values and the interpretation values by endoscopic physician experience.Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022, a total of 105 liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension were prospectively enrolled from General Hospital, Xixia Branch Hospital, Ningnan Hospital of People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (29 cases), and the First People′s Hospital of Yinchuan (25 cases), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (18 cases), Wuzhong People′s Hospital (10 cases), the Fifth People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (10 cases), Shizuishan Second People′s Hospital (6 cases), Yinchuan Second People′s Hospital (5 cases), and Zhongwei People′s Hospital (2 cases) 8 hospitals. The clinical characteristics of all the patients, including gender, age, nationality, etiolog of liver cirrhosis, and Child-Pugh classification of liver function were recorded. A big gastroesophageal varices was defined as diameter of varices ≥5 mm. Endoscopist (associated chief physician) performed gastroscopy according to the routine gastroscopy procedures, and the diameter of the biggest esophageal varices was measured by experience and images were collected, and then objective measurement was with the CHESS ruler and images were collected. The diameter of esophageal varices of 10 randomly selected patients (random number table method) was determined by 6 endoscopists (attending physician or associated chief physician) with experience or measured by CHESS ruler. Kappa test was used to test the consistency in the diameter of esophageal varices between measured values by CHESS ruler and the interpretation values by endoscopic physician experience.Results:Among 105 liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension, male 65 cases and female 40 cases, aged (54.8±12.2) years old, Han nationality 82 cases, Hui nationality 21 cases and Mongolian nationality 2 cases. The etiology of liver cirrhosis included chronic hepatitis B (79 cases), alcoholic liver disease (7 cases), autoimmune hepatitis (7 cases), chronic hepatitis C (2 cases), and other etiology (10 cases). Liver function of 32 cases was Child-Pugh A, Child-Pugh B 57 cases, and Child-Pugh C 16 cases. All 105 liver cirrhosis patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension were successfully measured the diameter of gastroesophageal varices by CHESS ruler, and the success rate of application of CHESS ruler was 100.0% (105/105). The procedure time from the CHESS ruler into the body to the exit of the body after measurement was (3.50±2.55) min. No complications happened in all the patients during measurement. Among 105 liver cirrhosis patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension, 96 cases (91.4%) were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices by the endoscopists. Totally 93 cases (88.6%) were considered as big gastroesophageal varices by CHESS ruler. Eight cases were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices by the endoscopist, however not by the CHESS ruler; 5 cases were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices by the CHESS ruler, but not by the endoscopists; 4 cases were not recognized as big gastroesophageal varices both by the endoscopists and CHESS ruler; 88 cases were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices both by the endoscopists and CHESS ruler. The missed diagnostic rate of big gastroesophageal varices by the endoscopists experience was 5.4% (5/93), and the Kappa value of consistency coefficient between the measurement by the CHESS ruler and the interpretation by endoscopists experience was 0.31 (95% confidence interval 0.03 to 0.60). The overall Kappa value of consistency coefficient by 6 endoscopists measured by CHESS ruler in big gastroesophageal varices diagnosis was 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.93).Conclusion:As an objective measurement tool, CHESS ruler can make up for the deficiency of subjective judgment by endoscopists, accurately measure the diameter of gastroesophageal varices, and is highly feasible and safe.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of different acupuncture schemes on behaviors, neurotransmitters and inflammation-related factors in post-stroke depressed (PSD) rats. MethodsA total of 72 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, drug control group, scalp acupuncture group, abdominal acupuncture group and combined acupuncture group, 12 rats in each group. The PSD model was prepared using a combination of middle cerebral artery occlusion and chronic unpredictable mild stimulation (CUMS) for the model and each intervention groups. The drug control group was administered fluoxetine, the scalp acupuncture group accepted acupuncture at Baihui (DU 20) and Yintang (EX-HN3), while the abdominal acupuncture group at Zhongwan (RN 12) and Guanyuan (RN 4), the combined acupuncture group at all the four acupoints, for 21 days. They were assessed with Longa neurological function score, body mass, open-field test and sugar-water preference test on the 0 (before modeling), the seventh (before CUMS), the 14th (before treatment) and the 35th day (after treatment). The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), interferon-γ (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor⁃α (TNF⁃α) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the serum were determined with ELISA on the 35th day. Results The neurological function score was lower in the drug control group and the combined acupuncture group thanin the model group (P < 0.01) on the 35th day; while the body mass was higher in the drug control group, the abdominal acupuncture group and the combined acupuncture group than in the model group (P < 0.01); and the number of horizontal span frames, the number of uprightness and the sugar water consumption were higher in the drug control group, the scalp acupuncture group, the abdominal acupuncture group and the combined acupuncture group than in the model group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference among the four intervention groups (P > 0.05). The levels of 5-HT, DA and NE were higher in the four intervention groups than in the model group (P < 0.01), and the levels of IFN-γ, TNF⁃α and MIF were lower (P < 0.01). 5-HT level was higher in the combined acupuncture group than in the scalp acupuncture group and the abdominal acupuncture group, and the levels of IFN-γ, TNF⁃α and MIF were lower (P < 0.01); the levels of DA and NE was higher in the combined acupuncture group than in the abdominal acupuncture group (P < 0.01). ConclusionThe combination of scalp acupuncture and abdominal acupuncture can improve behavior, neurotransmitters and inflammatory factors of PSD rats, like fluoxetine. Scalp or abdominal acupuncture alone is still effecive, and can be used secondarily.

Objective:To investigate the effect of different negative pressure level on drain volume after augmentation mammoplasty through inframammary fold incision, and try to put forward the appropriate negative pressure level for the best prognosis of patients.Methods:This was a randomized controlled clinical study. Patients who underwent prosthetic augmentation mammoplasty through inframammary fold incision in the Medical Beauty Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to August 2021 were selected as the study subjects. Patients were divided into 4 groups by random number table method and different levels of negative pressure drainage were applied: 600 ml adjustable negative pressure drain bottle was used uniformly after operation by -80--85 kPa group, -40--60 kPa group, and -15--30 kPa group. In 0--5.2 kPa group, 300 ml drain drum was applied after operation. The criteria for drain removal was that the drain volume within 24 hours was less than 10 ml and the drainage fluid was clear. Daily drain volume, duration of drain placement, total drain volume, acceptance of the drain device and postoperative complications were recorded in the four groups. The corresponding indexes of each group were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21.0. Measurement data were expressed as Mean±SD. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between groups, and LSD- t test was used for pair comparison between groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 80 patients were included, 20 in each group. Inter-group equilibrium analysis: there was no significant difference in age, body mass index, distance from midclavicular point to nipple, distance from inferior mammary fold to nipple, and breast tissue thickness among 4 groups ( P>0.05). Evaluation of curative effect between groups: on the first and second day after operation, there was no significant difference in drain volume between -80--85 kPa group and -40--60 kPa group ( P>0.05), but there was significant difference among other groups ( P<0.05). There was significant difference in drain volume on the third day after operation, total drain volume and duration of drain placement between the four groups ( P<0.05). The lower the negative pressure level was, the less drain volume on the third day after surgery and the less total drain volume, and the shorter duration of drain placement. The duration of drain placement of the four groups were (5.6±0.7) d (-80--85 kPa group), (4.8±0.5) d (-40--60 kPa group), (4.0±0.5) d (-15--30 kPa group), and (3.2±0.4) d (0--5.2 kPa group), respectively. Safety evaluation: the complication rate of -80--85 kPa group, -40--60 kPa group, -15--30 kPa group and 0--5.2 kPa group were 2.5% (1/40), 2.5% (1/40), 0(0/40) and 15.0% (6/40), respectively. The complication rate of 0--5.2 kPa group was the highest. Investigation on the acceptance of the drainage device (no impact/dissatisfaction): 75 patients expressed dissatisfaction, with a dissatisfaction rate of 93.75%(75/80). Conclusion:In augmentation mammoplasty through inferior fold incision low negative pressure provides less drain volume, shorter drain placement. Negative pressure between -15 to -30 kPa is optimal.

Objective To compare the surgical effects between minimally invasive anterior ondontoid screw fixation assisted by our self-designed odontoid guider and open anterior ondontoid screw fixation in the treatment of odontoid fractures of Anderson-D'Alonzo type Ⅱ.Methods From July 2011 to July 2016,28 adults with odontoid fracture of Anderson-D'Alonzo type Ⅱ were treated at Department Ⅱ of Spinal Surgery,Hospital of 89 Army Group of Chinese PLA.Of them,15 were treated by minimally invasive anterior ondontoid screw fixation assisted by our self-designed odontoid guider (guider group) while the other 13 by open anterior ondontoid screw fixation (open group).All the patients were male,aged from 31 to 59 years (average,42.7 years).The 2 groups were compared in terms of incision length,operation time,intraoperative bleeding,intraoperative fluoroscopic frequency and hospital stay.Results There were no significant differences between the 2 groups of patients in their preoperative general data,indicating they were compatible (P ＞ 0.05).All the patients were followed up for 12 to 45 months (average,22.1 months).The internal fixation was in good place and clinical union achieved in all the 28 patients.The incision length (2.2 ± 0.1 cm),operation time (45.0 ± 3.1 min),intraoperative bleeding (29.0 ± 2.3 mL) and intraoperative fluoroscopic frequency (15.5 ± 1.9 times) for the guider group were all significantly less than those (2.9 ±0.7 cm,61.6±3.8 min,51.6±3.9 mL and 21.7±3.2 times,respectively) for the open group (P ＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in hospital stay (6.5 ± 0.5 d versus 6.5 ± 0.6 d) (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion In the treatment of odontoid fractures of Anderson-D'Alonzo type Ⅱ,compared with open anterior ondontoid screw fixation,the minimally invasive anterior ondontoid screw fixation assisted by our self-designed odontoid guider may lead to a smaller incision,shorter operation time,less blood loss and a lower fluoroscopic frequency.

Objective To evaluate the effects of early tracheostomy and late tracheostomy on the prognosis of patients with cervical spinal cord injury,so as to provide evidence based guidance for the timing of tracheostomy.Methods Relevant literatures studying the timing of tracheostomy in patients with cervical spinal cord injury were searched in PubMed,Embase,Medline,Cochrane Library,Chinese Biological Medical Literature database (CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure database (CNKI),and VIP journal database with time range from journal establishment to March 2018.The retrieved articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The article quality was rigorously evaluated according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS).Meta analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software to compare the mechanical ventilation time,ICU stay,incidence of pneumonia,incidence of complications,and mortality between early and late tracheostomy in patients with cervical spinal cord injury.Results A total of eight articles of cohort study including 466 patients were included,with 241 patients in the early tracheostomy group and 225 patients in the late tracheostomy group.The eight articles were all determined as high quality studies according NOS.The results of Meta analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of the total mechanical ventilation time (MD =-12.28,95％ CI-20.09--4.47,P ＜ 0.01),post tracheostomy mechanical ventilation time (MD =-9.92,95％ CI-14.27--5.57,P ＜ 0.01),total ICU stay (MD =-10.30,95％ CI-17.12--3.47,P ＜ 0.01),post tracheostomy ICU stay (MD =-5.79,95％ CI -6.53--5.05,P ＜ 0.01),incidence of complications (RR =0.56,95％ CI 0.38-0.83,P ＜ 0.01),and mortality (RR =0.34,95％ CI 0.15-0.78,P ＜ 0.05).However,no significant differences were detected between the two groups in the incidence of total pneumonia (RR =0.77,95％ CI 0.57-1.05,P ＞0.05) and the incidence of post tracheostomy pneumonia (RR =0.80,95％ CI 0.51-1.26,P ＞0.05).Conclusion Early tracheostomy can shorten the mechanical ventilation time,ICU stay,incidence of complications,and mortality,but it cannot reduce the incidence of pneumonia.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and the risk of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP).Methods A case control study was designed.Serum 25 (OH)D concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 214 participants,including 53 H SP patients and 161 status-matched healthy controls.Information concerning demographic data,genetic,background,and environmental exposures was collected using questionnaire.The study participants were divided into four groups according to quartile range of 25(OH)D concentration and logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate the relation with HSP risk by estimating odds ratios(OR)and 95％confidence intervals(CI).Results The HSP group had a significantly lower concentration of 25(OH)D than the control group (the median in the HSP group was 11.4 ng/mL;controls:15.36 ng/mL,P＜0.05).When the first interval was set as the reference level,the OR (95 ％ CI) of the second,third,and fourth intervals were:0.468(0.341-0.771),0.442(0.302-0.627),0.339 (0.199-0.501).After adjusting the analysis for the presence of pathogenic related confounding fact OR,the OR(95％CI)of the second,third,and fourth intervals were:0.459(0.333-0.741),0.408(0.317-0.611),0.387 (0.221-0.517).The 25 (OH) D level was inversely correlated with the risk of HSP(P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The risk of HSP was decreased with the increase of serum 25 (OH) D concentration,25 (OH) D may be a protection factor in the pathogenesis of HSP.