Objective To investigate the mediating role of anxiety and depression in social sup-port and burnout among primary caregivers of stroke patients.Methods A convenience sampling method was employed to select 506 primary caregivers of stroke patients as research subjects.The Gen-eral Information Questionnaire,Caregiver Burnout Inventory for Stroke Patients,Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support,and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used for data col-lection.Results The total scores for caregiver burnout,social support,anxiety,and depression a-mong primarycaregivers of stroke patients were(72.83±14.32),(47.79±7.74),(10.49±3.00),and(10.45±3.06),respectively.Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between caregiver burnout and social support(r=-0.245,P＜0.001),and positive correlations with anxiety and depression(r=0.178,0.216,P＜0.001).Anxiety and depression partially media-ted the relationship between social support and caregiver burnout,accounting for 7.9％and 10.7％of the total effect,respectively.Conclusion Social support,anxiety,depression,and burnout are closely interrelated.Social support can directly or indirectly influence the occurrence of burnoutthrough anxiety and depression.Medical staff should pay attention to the anxiety and depression status of primary caregivers of stroke patients and enhance social support levels to reduce the incidence of burnout by alleviating anxiety and depression.

Objective:To analyze the status quo of type D personality, intolerance of uncertainty and family support in first-episode stroke patients, and to explore the mediating role of family support between type D personality and intolerance of uncertainty in first-episode stroke patients, in order to provide reference for formulating relevant clinical intervention measures to promote the physical and mental health of first-episode stroke patients.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional investigation. A total of 300 patients with acute first-episode stroke who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the Department of Neurology of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University and the First People′s Hospital of Yinchuan from May 2023 to September 2023 were selected as the study objects by convenience sampling method. The general data questionnaire, Type D personality Scale-14, Family Caring Index Scale and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale were used to investigate them. Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between variables, and SPSS plug-in PROCESS 3.5 was used to test the mediation effect.Results:Finally, 300 questionnaires were effectively collected, including 228 males and 72 females. Patients aged ≥ 60 years old were the majority, accounting for 49.3% (148/300). The detection rate of type D personality in the first stroke patients was 37.3% (112/300), and the total score of Type D personality inventory, family support and intolerance of uncertainty of type D personality in the first stroke patients were (22.16 ± 9.95), (6.40 ± 2.23), (27.82 ± 7.93) points. The correlation analysis results showed that the intolerance of uncertainty of type D personality in the first stroke patients was positively correlated with type D personality scores ( r=0.675, P<0.001). There was a negative correlation with family support score ( r=-0.644, P<0.001). The results of mediating effect analysis showed that family support played a partial mediating role in the relationship between type D personality and intolerability of uncertainty in first-stroke patients, and the mediating effect accounted for 34.94% of the total effect. Conclusions:The mediating role of family support between type D personality and intolerability of uncertainty in first-stroke patients is established. In the future, the level of family support of patients can be continuously improved to reduce their intolerability of uncertainty, so as to promote the physical and mental health of patients and improve their quality of life.

Objective:To explore the potential categories of psychological distress in spousal caregivers of stroke patients and differences in quality of life between categories, in order to provide a theoretical basis for early clinical identification and provision of individualized and targeted interventions for psychological distress in spousal caregivers of stroke patients and improvement of their quality of life.Methods:A total of 207 spouse caregivers of stroke patients hospitalized in three class 1-Grade A hospitals in Yinchuan city of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected from December 2020 to July 2021 by convenience sampling method as study subjects. The general information questionnaire, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and the Mos 36-Item Short from Health Survey were used for a cross-sectional survey.Results:A total of 203 spousal caregivers of stroke patients were finally investigated, 46 males and 157 females with a age of (58.65 ± 9.66) years. Psychological distress among spousal caregivers of stroke patients was categorized into 3 potential categories:no distress group (40%, 81/203), listlessness group (45%, 91/203) and helplessness and restlessness group (15%, 31/203). The psychological distress subgroup was a factor influencing the quality of life of spousal caregivers of stroke patients ( t=-10.03, P<0.05), explaining 33.0% of the variance in quality of life. Conclusions:Psychological distress in spousal caregivers of stroke patients is significantly heterogeneous. Those in the helplessness and restlessness group have the lowest quality of life and should be given focused attention and early intervention.

Objective:To explore the current situation of resourcefulness among the primary caregivers of stroke patients and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:From December 2020 to August 2021, convenience sampling was used to select 311 primary caregivers of stroke patients in the Neurology Department of three ClassⅢ Grade A general hospitals in Yinchuan City as the research subject. A survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire, Resourcefulness Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, Social Support Revalued Scale, and the Fatigue Scale-14.Results:A total of 311 questionnaires were distributed and 308 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 99.04%. The resourcefulness score of the primary caregivers of 308 stroke patients was (83.98±12.85). The random forest model showed that when the λ-value was 1.667, the error was the smallest, and the corresponding number of influencing factors was 7. The independent variables ranked in the top 7 in importance were included in multiple stepwise regression. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that perceived stress, educational level, and fatigue were the main influencing factors on the resourcefulness of the primary caregivers of stroke patients, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The main caregivers of stroke patients have a moderate level of resourcefulness and require certain attention. Nursing staff can collaborate with social workers and other personnel to provide support and assistance to caregivers, alleviate their physical and mental stress, thereby improving their resourcefulness and the quality of care.

Objective:To explore the current situation and influencing factors of burnout among the primary caregivers of stroke patients, so as provide a basis for clinical intervention measures.Methods:From July 2022 to January 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 506 caregivers of stroke patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from Yinchuan Rehabilitation Hospital and Wuzhong Rehabilitation Hospital as the study subject. The survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire, Burnout Scale of Stroke Patients' Caregiver, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Trait Coping Style Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Results:The burnout score of caregivers for stroke patients was (72.83±14.32). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the educational level and self-care ability of patients, social support, coping styles, and depression of primary caregivers were the influencing factors of burnout among primary caregivers in stroke patients ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Attention should be paid to the burnout of the primary caregivers of stroke patients. Medical and nursing staff should focus on the primary caregivers who care for patients with low educational level and poor self-care ability, and improve their social support, encourage them to actively respond, relieve their depression, to alleviate their burnout.

This paper reviewed the mental health status, influencing factors, and intervention measures of the main caregivers of stroke patients both domestically and internationally, so as to provide reference for clinical work and research.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the recognition of Familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 1 (FGD1) due to variants of melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R) gene. METHODS: Two children with FGD1 diagnosed at the Henan Children's Hospital respectively in 2019 and 2021 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data, treatment, follow-up and results of genetic testing were collected and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Whole exome sequencing revealed that both children had harbored compound heterozygous variants of the MC2R gene, including c.433C>T (p.R145C) and c.710T>C (p.L237P) in child 1, and c.145delG (p.V49Cfs*35) and c.307G>A (p.D103N) in child 2, among which c.710T>C (p.L237P) and c.145delG (p.V49Cfs*35) were unreported previously. CONCLUSION FGD1 is clinically rare, and genetic sequencing is crucial for the definite diagnosis. Discovery of the and novel variants has enriched the mutational spectrum of the FGD1 gene.
Humans ; Child ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use* ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 2/genetics* ; Retrospective Studies ; Adrenal Insufficiency/genetics* ; Mutation

Objective:To explore the effect of whole-process management mode based on "Internet + nursing service" in the management of children with concealed penis.Methods:This study adopted a quasi-experimental research method. A total of 383 children with concealed penis who were hospitalized in the Third Department of Urology of Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2018 to August 2021 were convenient selected. According to the sequence of admission, 195 children admitted from January 2018 to May 2020 were set as the control group, and 188 children admitted from June 2020 to August 2021 were set as the observation group. The control group was received conventional treatment and nursing, but the observation group was received whole-process management mode based on "Internet + nursing service". The length of hospitalization, incidence of complications after discharge, anxiety of the children′s parents and satisfaction of the doctors, the specialist & nurse sharing and the children′s parents were compared between the two groups.Results:Finally, 186 and 193 children were included in the observation group and the control group, respectively After the intervention, in the observation group, the length of hospitalization, anxiety score of the children′s parents, difference of anxiety score of the children′s parents, satisfaction content of the doctors, satisfaction effect of the doctors, satisfaction content of the specialist & nurse sharing, satisfaction effect of the specialist & nurse sharing, satisfaction content of the children′s parents and satisfaction effect of the children′s parents were (4.30 ± 1.35) d, (35.08 ± 3.17) points, (19.14 ± 4.35) points,(4.57 ± 0.54) points, (4.71 ± 0.49) points, (4.75 ± 0.50) points, (5.00 ± 0.00) points, (4.60 ± 0.49) points, (4.65 ± 0.49) points; in the control group, the scores were (5.50 ± 1.41) d, (44.79 ± 3.30) points, (9.22 ± 3.67) points, (3.71 ± 0.49) points, (4.00 ± 0.58) points, (3.50 ± 0.58) points, (3.25 ± 0.50) points, (3.54 ± 0.59) points, (3.64 ± 0.67) points. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t values were -23.94-29.19, all P<0.05). The complication rates of the observation group and the control group were not statistically significant ( χ2=0.64, P>0.05). Conclusions:The whole-process management mode based on "Internet + nursing service" is beneficial to shorten the length of hospitalization, relieve the degree to anxiety of the children′s parents, improve the satisfaction of the doctors, the specialist & nurse sharing and the children′s parents, and accelerate the rehabilitation of children, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To explore the potential categories of resourcefulness in primary caregivers of stroke patients and analyze the differences in the characteristics of different types of caregivers, so as to provide basis for clinical construction of effective intervention plans.Methods:The 308 primary caregivers of stroke patients who met the research standards in the Department of Neurology of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the First People′s Hospital of Yinchuan from December 2020 to August 2021 were selected as the research objects by convenient sampling method.The general information questionnaire, Resourcefulness Scale and Social Support Revalued Scale were used for cross-sectional investigation.Results:The resourcefulness of the primary caregivers of stroke patients were divided into 2 potential categories: low resourcefulness group (62.7%, 193/308) and high resourcefulness group (37.3%, 115/308). Uni-variate analysis showed that there were differences between potential categories: age and education level of stroke patients, whether there was long-term medication history, number of other chronic diseases, had there been any complications due to illness, age, education level and occupation of caregivers, average daily care duration, family relations, and social support ( χ2 values were -3.34 - 23.62, all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that social support and education level of caregivers were the influencing factors of caregiver resourcefulness ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The resourcefulness in the primary caregivers of stroke patients has certain characteristics. Clinically, targeted intervention measures should be formulated according to the different types of caregiver resourcefulness characteristics of caregivers and their influencing factors to improve the caregiver resourcefulness of stroke patients.

Objective:To construct a conceptual framework of burnout among primary caregivers of stroke patients based on grounded theory.Methods:According to the characteristics of age, gender, relationship with patients, length of care and other characteristics of purpose sampling method, from December 2021 to March 2022, 31 primary caregivers of stroke patients were selected for semi-structured interviews in two second-class hospitals, a first-class hospitals and a community health service station in Wuzhong city and Yinchuan city. The data were analyzed in procedural grounded theory method.Results:A total of 29 primary categories and 9 secondary categories were formed. The conceptual framework of burnout among primary caregivers of stroke patients was finally established, which consisted of four main categories (role burnout, physical burnout, psychological burnout and social burnout) and a core category (burnout of primary caregivers of stroke patients).Conclusions:The conceptual framework of burnout among primary caregivers of stroke patients constructed in this study elaborates the connotation of burnout of primary caregivers of stroke patients from four aspects, which can provide a basis for the development of assessment tools and the formulation of intervention measures in the future.