Cataract is the world's leading cause of blindness, and surgery is the most effective treatment for cataract. With the development of femtosecond laser technology and ophthalmic surgical equipment, the application of femtosecond laser systems in cataract surgery is becoming increasingly widespread. It can be used in cataract surgery for corneal incisions, anterior capsulotomy, lens fragmentation, arcuate incisions and other key operations. Compared to traditional surgery, femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)offers significant advantages in precision, safety and postoperative visual outcomes. Its clinical benefits have garnered growing recognition among ophthalmologists. However, the key technologies and high-precision equipment for FLACS remain predominantly controlled by Western countries. In China, the research in this field began later. This article reviews the technological advancements in FLACS, with a focus on femtosecond laser technology, optical coherence tomography(OCT), artificial intelligence, and clinical application progress. The objective is to provide theoretical foundations and practical insights for the development of ophthalmic medical technology in China.

AIM: To compare the characteristics of corneal wavefront aberrations following small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and Q-value-guided femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(Q-value-FS-LASIK), and to evaluate the impact of these two procedures on visual quality.METHODS:A total of 60 myopic patients(120 eyes)who underwent refractive surgery between January 2024 and June 2024 were enrolled and divided into two groups: the SMILE group(60 eyes)and the Q-value-FS-LASIK group(60 eyes). Preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 mo postoperatively, the following parameters were measured using the Pentacam HR and iTrace systems within a 6 mm corneal zone: root mean square of higher-order aberrations(RMS HOA), spherical aberration, vertical coma, horizontal coma, trefoil, Strehl ratio(SR), and modulation transfer function(MTF). Patient-reported outcomes(PROs)were used to assess subjective visual quality, and group differences were compared.RESULTS:The general data of the two groups were comparable. At 6 mo postoperatively, uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)was ≥1.0 in both groups, and the spherical equivalent(SE)remained within ±0.50 D. The total RMS HOA was significantly lower in the SMILE group(0.38±0.12 μm)than in the Q-value-FS-LASIK group(0.45±0.15 μm; P=0.012). Spherical aberration was higher in the Q-value-FS-LASIK group(0.52±0.18 μm)compared to the SMILE group(0.35±0.14 μm; P<0.001), while vertical coma was significantly greater in the SMILE group(0.21±0.09 vs 0.12±0.07 μm; P=0.003). No significant intergroup differences were observed in horizontal coma or trefoil(all P>0.05). The SR was superior in the SMILE group(0.26±0.05)compared to the Q-value-FS-LASIK group(0.22±0.04; P=0.008). PROs indicated a lower incidence of nighttime driving difficulties in the SMILE group(12% vs 21%; P=0.023).CONCLUSION:Q-value-FS-LASIK effectively controls spherical aberration by optimizing corneal asphericity but results in higher total higher-order aberrations. SMILE reduces total aberrations due to its flap-free design but induces greater vertical coma. The choice of procedure should be tailored to the patient's refractive status and visual demands.

Cognitive dysfunction often occurs in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebrovascular disease, or other neurodegenerative diseases, and can significantly impact the life quality of patients and create serious social, psychological, and economic burdens for individuals and their families. Numerous studies have confirmed that exercise can slow the decline in cognitive function through multiple pathways, in which fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) plays an important role. However, the current research on the modulation of FNDC5 by exercise and its ability to improve hippocampal cognitive function lacks a systematic and comprehensive understanding. Therefore, this review focuses on the latest research progress regarding the role of exercise-induced FNDC5 in cognitive function, systematically reviews the positive effects of FNDC5 on cognitive function impairment caused by various factors, and clarifies the specific mechanisms by which exercise-induced FNDC5 improves cognitive function by inhibiting neuroinflammation and improving hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Based on the existing literature, we also identify the areas that require further research in this field. Overall, this review provides a theoretical basis for exercise-based prevention and improvement of cognitive function impairment.
Humans ; Cognition/physiology* ; Fibronectins/physiology* ; Exercise/physiology* ; Hippocampus/physiology* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control* ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Animals ; Neurogenesis

OBJECTIVES: To synthesize a temperature-responsive multimodal motion microrobot (MMMR) using temperature and magnetic field-assisted microfluidic droplet technology to achieve targeted drug delivery and controlled drug release. METHODS: Microfluidic droplet technology was utilized to synthesize the MMMR by mixing gelatin with magnetic microparticles. The microrobot possessed a magnetic anisotropy structure to allow its navigation and targeted drug release by controlling the temperature field and magnetic field. In the experiment, the MMMR was controlled to move in a wide range along a preset path by rotating a uniform magnetic field, and the local circular motion was driven by a planar rotating gradient magnetic field of different frequencies. The MMMR was loaded with simulated drugs, which were released in response to laser heating. RESULTS: Driven by a rotating magnetic field, the MMMR achieved linear motion following a predefined path. The planar gradient rotating magnetic field controlled circular motion of the MMMR with an adjustable radius, utilizing the centrifugal force generated by rotation. The drug-loaded MMMR successfully reached the target location under magnetic guidance, where the gelatin matrix was melted using laser heating for accurate drug release, after which the remaining magnetic particles were removed using magnetic field. CONCLUSIONS The MMMR possesses multimodal motion capabilities to enable precise navigation along a predefined path and dynamic regulation of drug release within the target area, thus having great potential for a wide range of biomedical applications.
Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Temperature ; Drug Liberation ; Magnetic Fields ; Robotics ; Gelatin/chemistry* ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Microfluidics ; Motion

Background: Whether there is a causal relationship between childhood obesity and increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. This study sought to explore how body size in childhood and adulthood independently affects CKD risk in later life using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods: Univariate and multivariate MR was used to estimate total and independent effects of body size exposures. Genetic associations with early-life and adult body size were obtained from a genome-wide association study of 453,169 participants in the U.K. Biobank, and genetic associations with CKD were obtained from the CKDGen and FinnGen consortia. Results: A larger genetically predicted early-life body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 1.41; P= 1.70E-05) and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (β=0.010; 95% CI, 0.005 to 0.021; P=0.001). However, the association between the impact of early-life body size on CKD (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.31; P=0.173) and BUN level (β=0.001; 95% CI, –0.010 to 0.012;P= 0.853) did not remain statistically significant after adjustment for adult body size. Larger genetically predicted adult body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.54; P= 4.60E-07), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (β=–0.011; 95% CI, –0.017 to –0.006; P=5.79E-05), and increased BUN level (β= 0.010; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.019; P= 0.018). Conclusion Our research indicates that the significant correlation between early-life body size and CKD risk is likely due to maintaining a large body size into adulthood.

Hand degloving injury represents one of the most severe forms of hand trauma, characterised by challenging treatment and a complex prognostic outcome. It is crucial to effectively utilise the degloved tissues in emergency or primary repair of a hand degloving injury. This consensus provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature on definition, classification, emergency assessment, debridement, judgment of skin viability, in situ repair of the degloved skin, and adjunctive treatment for degloving injury of hand. Based on conclusion of both domestic and international experiences, this expert consensus on the classification of hand degloving injury and the emergency repair with the avulsed skin is established, aiming to provide a guidance to surgeons on standardised treatment strategy and improve the management of hand degloving injury.

Pregabalin, a structural analog of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), has been widely prescribed since its approval in 2004 for treating various neuropathic pain conditions. In Western countries, it is also approved for managing anxiety disorders. However, concerns about its potential for abuse and dependence have led to its reclassification as a second-line treatment in recent years. Although pregabalin addiction has been reported in international studies, there have been no such reports within China. This article presents a case of addiction stemming from pregabalin abuse to manage anxiety symptoms. The patient experienced withdrawal symptoms after discontinuing the drug, which were successfully treated. The development of pregabalin addiction, withdrawal symptoms, and the OD(overdose) pattern of drug abuse in this case should draw the attention of clinicians in China.

Objective:This study aims to explore the optimization needs of the cognitive training tool "Fun Brain" from a professional perspective, providing insights for its enhancement and application.Methods:In April 2024, a qualitative research approach was employed, involving group interviews with 61 elderly health professionals organized into 9 groups. The interviews primarily focused on the user experience and optimization suggestions related to the "Fun Brain" app. Thematic analysis was conducted, with NVivo 14 software utilized for data management and processing. Data analysis followed Braun and Clarke′s six-phase procedure to ensure the scientific and systematic extraction of themes. Furthermore, high-frequency word analysis was performed, offering crucial clues for subsequent thematic analysis.Results:The study identified 12 initial themes and 6 optimization themes, with a primary focus on age-appropriate interfaces, personalized modules, and feedback mechanisms. These themes were refined into three core themes, including adaptation of training content, optimization of interaction design, and enhancement of participant motivation.Conclusion:Optimizing cognitive training tools for elderly users requires careful consideration of their specific needs, particularly regarding functional adaptation, interface design, and interactive experience. Implementing these optimizations can improve user engagement and training effectiveness, offering both scientific and practical guidance for the design and promotion of cognitive training tools.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of combining polygenic risk score(PRS)with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)socre for the development of deep venous thrombosis(DVT)in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods A total of 150 patients with ischemic stroke who were hos-pitalized in Jilin Provincial People's Hospital from December 2023 to May 2024 were selected as study sub-jects.After excluding patients who did not meet the criteria,139 patients were successfully followed up and di-vided into two groups based on whether DVT occurred.PRS strategy and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)technology were used to detect the mutation of the gene loci associated with the risk of venous throm-boembolism(VTE).Based on these genotype data and the effect size of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)loci,the PRS score of patients was calculated through the model formula.The degree of neurological impairment was evaluated by NIHSS score.Receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve was used to ana-lyze the efficacy of PRS score,NIHSS score and their combination in predicting ischemic stroke with lower limb DVT,and clinical data related to VTE formation were collected.Results There were no statistically sig-nificant differences between the two groups in terms of gender,age,body mass index(BMI),smoking,alcohol consumption,hypertension,diabetes,D-dimer(D-D),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),and lipopro-tein(a)[(LP(a)]levels(P＞0.05).The PRS score,NIHSS score,and Barthel index in the DVT group were significantly higher than those in the non-DVT group,and the proportion of patients with bed rest exceeding 72 h and homocysteine(Hcy)levels were also relatively higher,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Logis-tic regression analysis showed that PRS score＞2.55,NIHSS score ≥-3 and Barthel index＜60 were inde-pendent risk factors for lower limb DVT after ischemic stroke(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of PRS score,NIHSS score and combined prediction of ischemic stroke combined with lower limb DVT were 0.655,0.747 and 0.763,respectively,and the AUC of combined predic-tion was higher than that of single prediction(P＜0.05).Conclusion PRS score combined with NIHSS score has good predictive efficacy for ischemic stroke complicated with DVT.