ObjectiveTo analyze the research hotspots and development trends in the field of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for spinal cord injury (SCI). MethodsLiterature about SCS for SCI was retrieve from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database, with a time range from January, 1999 to July, 2025. VOSviewer 1.6.20 and CiteSpace 6.4.R2 were used to analyze the annual publication volume, countries, authors, institutions, journals and keywords. ResultsA total of 636 literatures were included. From 1999 to 2025, the overall publication trend in this field showed an upward trajectory, with recent years fluctuating but tending to stabilize. The country with the most publications was the United States (429 papers), followed by Russia (98 papers) and China (70 papers). The institution with the highest number of publications was the University of California, Los Angeles (76 papers), the author with the most publications was V. Reggie Edgerton (70 papers), and the journal with the most publications was Journal of Clinical Medicine (31 papers). The most frequently cited study focused on exploring the combination of epidural spinal cord stimulation with task-specific training to restore motor function in patients with complete SCI. Keyword analysis showed that the research hotspots in this field were mainly focused on neuroregulation mechanisms, recovery of motor and autonomic nervous dysfunction, artificial intelligence, closed-loop stimulation and brain-computer interface technology innovations. In recent years, the research focus gradually shifted from basic mechanisms to personalized and precise multifunctional rehabilitation strategies. ConclusionThe field of SCS for SCI has undergone phases of basic mechanism exploration and clinical application expansion. Current research hotspots and future trends focus primarily on the development of new stimulation paradigms and combined innovative technologies.

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of constructing a programmed death receptor-1（PD-1） molecular probe for non-invasive micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography （Micro-PET/CT） imaging of PD-1 protein in mouse S180 sarcoma. MethodsA transgenic PD-1 C57 S180 sarcoma mouse model was established using the S180 sarcoma cell injection. Furthermore， ¹²⁴I-anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody probe was synthesized. 18.5 MBq of the ¹²⁴I-anti-PD-1 probe was injected into the tail vein of transgenic PD-1 C57 mice. Subsequently， S180 sarcoma was imaged using Micro-PET/CT. ResultsStudy successfully established a transgenic PD-1 C57 S180 sarcoma mouse model. Immunohistochemical （IHC） results showed PD-1 protein expression in S180 sarcoma. Micro-PET/CT imaging successfully visualized the PD-1 protein receptor in S180 sarcoma at different time points （20， 48， 72， and 120 h） after probe injection. ConclusionThe ¹²⁴I-anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody molecular probe successfully targets the PD-1 receptor in S180 sarcoma of transgenic PD-1 C57 mice， and presents clear Micro-PET/CT immunoassay results， thus it potentially enables the non-invasive screening of patients with PD-1 positive malignant tumors.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of transurethral blue laser vaporization of the prostate, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or plasmakinetic resection of the prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods The domestic and foreign clinical studies on transurethral blue laser vaporization of the prostate (observation group), TURP or plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (control group) in the treatment of BPH during Jan. 2015 and Mar. 2025 were retrieved. The data were extracted with Cochrane systematic review method. The operation time, decrease in hemoglobin, bladder irrigation time, catheter indwelling time, total complication rate, retrograde ejaculation rate and urinary incontinence rate of the two groups were compared with RevMan 5.3.0 statistical software. Results A total of 5 Chinese studies involving 491 patients (248 in the observation group and 243 in the control group) were included in the Meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the observation group had shorter operation time [MD=-20.80, 95%CI:-26.88—-14.72, P＜0.00001], less decrease in hemoglobin [MD=-10.61, 95%CI: -20.21—-1.01, P=0.03], shorter bladder irrigation time [MD=-17.85, 95%CI: -32.62—-3.09, P=0.002], shorter catheter indwelling time [MD=-1.71, 95%CI: -2.81—- 0.62, P=0.002], lower total complication rate [OR=0.11, 95%CI: 0.06—0.21, P＜0.00001], lower retrograde ejaculation rate [OR=0.05, 95%CI: 0.02—0.16, P＜0.00001] and lower urinary incontinence rate [OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.07—0.79, P=0.02]. There were no significant differences in other complications between the two groups (P＞0.05). The international erectile function score (IIEF-5) of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group [MD=1.87, 95%CI:1.16—2.57, P＜0.00001]. There were no significant differences in international prostate symptom score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and post-voiding residual (PVR) between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion All three surgical procedures can effectively improve the lower urinary tract symptoms of BPH patients. Compared with TURP or plasmakinetic resection of the prostate, transurethral blue laser vaporization of the prostate has obvious advantages in terms of perioperative recovery, reduction of total complications, urinary incontinence and retrograde ejaculation rates, and preservation of sexual function.

AIM:To explore the therapeutic effects of Liuwei-Dihuang decoction(LD)on ovarian function in pre-mature ovarian failure(POF)mice,and to uncover the role of the Notch signaling pathway in its mechanism.METHODS:A mouse model of POF was constructed through intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide/busulfan.Subsequently,the mice were randomly divided into six groups(n=12 per group):control,POF model,low-dose LD(LD-L),medium-dose LD(LD-M),high-dose LD(LD-H),and positive drug(0.7 mg/kg diethylstilbestrol)groups.The ovarian histopathologi-cal alterations were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),and estradiol(E2)were quantified via ELISA assays.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was conducted to compare the expression level of cell proliferation marker Ki-67 in mouse ovarian tissues among the groups.The expression of proteins involved in the Notch pathway components[Notch1,Notch2,Jagged1(JAG-1),and hairy and enhancer of split 1(Hes1)]was determined via IHC and Western blot,while the corresponding mRNA levels of Notch1,Notch2,JAG-1,JAG-2,Hes1,and Hes5 were quantified through the qPCR analysis.RESULTS:Ovarian weight was significantly higher,and the number of atretic follicles was significantly lower in the LD-H and positive drug groups com-pared to the model group(P<0.05).However,serum FSH levels were decreased(P<0.01),whereas those of E2 and AMH were elevated in both treatment groups compared with the model group(P<0.01).In the LD-H group,the expres-sion of key molecules of the Notch pathway components was increased at the protein and mRNA level compared with the model group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:LD ameliorates ovarian dysfunction in POF mice via activating the Notch sig-naling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects and advantages of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision in the treatment of colorectal cancer.Methods:A total of 82 patients with colorectal cancer who received treatment at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2020 to January 2023 were selected for a prospective study. They were randomly assigned to two groups using a random number table, with 41 cases in each group. The control group underwent conventional laparotomy, while the observation group received laparoscopic total mesorectal excision. Clinical efficacy, clinical indicators, and immune function indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:The operation time for patients in the observation group was (1.98 ± 0.31) hours, the length of hospital stay was (8.32 ± 2.38) days, the recovery time for bowel function was (2.15 ± 0.34) days, and the intraoperative blood loss was (112.35 ± 12.66) mL, all of which were shorter and lower than those in the control group [(2.46 ± 0.32) hours, (14.52 ± 2.42) days, (3.25 ± 0.15) days, and (167.78 ± 12.35) mL, t = 6.90, 11.70, 18.95, 20.07, all P < 0.001). The short-term response rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group ( χ2 = 4.10, P < 0.05). The immune function indicators in the observation group, including the CD4 +/CD8 + ratio (1.78 ± 0.54), immunoglobulin A [(3.87 ± 0.73) g/L], and immunoglobulin G [(11.83 ± 2.88) g/L], were all better than those in the control group [(1.36 ± 0.53), (1.78 ± 0.63) g/L, (6.37 ± 2.45) g/L, t = 3.55, 13.88, 9.25, all P < 0.001]. The incidence of complications in the observation group was 2.44% (1/41), which was significantly lower than that in the control group [19.51% (8/41), χ2 = 4.49, P < 0.05]. Conclusions:Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for patients with colorectal cancer has significant advantages, including faster recovery, less bleeding, and fewer complications, making it more superior to conventional laparotomy.

In proton therapy,prompt gamma-ray imaging is considered as one of the most promising methods for assessing proton beam range.Prompt gamma-ray imaging detector evaluates the proton beam range based on the prompt gamma-ray distribution obtained by the prompt gamma-ray imaging system,which enables high-precision measurement of the proton beam range.Herein a proton beam range verification algorithm is designed for the newly developed prototype of the range verification detector(pixelated prompt gamma-ray imaging detector),which verifies the range estimation accuracy of the prototype for different phantoms and different energies of homogeneous media through Monte Carlo simulation.The results show that the accuracy of the proton beam range verification algorithm is within 0.5 mm of the safety margin error of the Bragg peak,and the measurement accuracy is significantly improved with the increase of the number of protons,indicating that the prototype algorithm is feasible for proton beam range verification.

The treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) faces major challenges characterized by acquired resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and consequent aggressive tumor progression. In this context, ubiquitination and deubiquitination modifications, as key protein post-translational modifications, play a crucial role in prostate tumourigenesis and progression. In recent years, the regulation of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in CRPC by the androgen receptor signalling pathway and the tumour microenvironment has received extensive attention, and these dynamic regulatory processes have become important molecular events driving CRPC progression by affecting the proliferation, metastasis, and immune escape ability of tumour cells. Therefore, in-depth analysis of the mechanisms of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in CRPC will help develop new therapeutic targets and provide more therapeutic options for patients.

Objective To observe the value of 18F-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)-1007 PET/MRI for diagnosing seminal vesicle invasion(SVI)of prostatic cancer(PCa).Methods Totally 92 male patients with PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy were retrospectively enrolled and divided into positive group(n=26)and negative group(n=66)based on postoperative pathology showed SVI or not.PET/MRI parameters,including maximum standard uptake value(SUVmax),minimum apparent diffusion coefficient(ADCmin),mean apparent diffusion coefficient(ADCmean),SUVmax/ADCmin,SUVmax/ADCmean,PSMA tumor volume(PSMA-TV)and total lesion PSMA(TL-PSMA)were compared between groups.The receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn,and the efficacy of each parameter for diagnosing SVI was analyzed.Results Among 92 cases of PCa,18F-PSMA-1007 PET/MRI showed 30 cases with SVI and 62 cases without SVI,with accuracy of 73.91％,sensitivity of 61.54％,specificity of 78.79％,positive predictive value of 53.33％and negative predictive value of 83.87％.Significant differences of ADCmin,PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA were found between groups(all P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of SUVmax,ADCmin,ADCmean,SUVmax/ADCmin,SUVmax/ADCmean,PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA for diagnosing SVI of PCa was 0.554,0.341,0.396,0.603,0.581,0.755 and 0.705,respectively.The AUC of PSMA-TV was higher than other parameters except for TL-PSMA,with sensitivity of 84.60％and specificity of 56.10％.Conclusion 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/MRI was helpful for diagnosing SVI of PCa.

AIM:This study aims to investigate of perodic expression,distribution and interaction between es-trogen receptor α(ERα)and ClC-3 chloride channel,and their relevance to the cell cycle specificity of tamoxifen(TAM)in anti-breast cancer treatment.METHODS:We utilized a web database to analyze the correlation between ERα and ClC-3 expression.Three-dimentional molecular simulation software and co-immunoprecipitation were employed to detect and analyze the interactions between these two proteins.To assess cell cycle dynamics,we performed thymidine(TdR)double-blocking release assay and used nocodazole to block the cell cycle,with subsequent analysis via flow cytometry.Cell viability was measured by MTT assay.Western blot was conducted to evaluate the protein expression levels of ERα and ClC-3,while immunofluorescence staining was utilized to assess their subcellular distribution.RESULTS:(1)Anal-ysis from the web database revealed a significant correlation between ERα and ClC-3 expression,and co-immunoprecipita-tion confirmed their interaction.(2)We successfully obtained human breast cancer T47D cells at different cycle stages us-ing the TdR double-blocking release method and nocodazole treatment.(3)Treatment with TAM primarily inhibited T47D cell viability during G2/M phase.(4)Both ERα and ClC-3 exhibited cyclic variations in protein expression,with their sub-cellular distributions showing periodicity and co-localization.(5)Protein interactions between ERα and ClC-3 were ob-served across all cell cycle phases;(6)After TAM treatment,ERα expression peaked in G2/M phase,while ClC-3 expres-sion remained unaffected.CONCLUSION:Our findings demonstrate cyclic differences in the expression and distribution of ERα and ClC-3 in human breast cancer T47D cells,along with confirmed interactions between these two proteins.The cyclic properties of ERα may play a role in mediating the cell cycle specificity of TAM's anti-breast cancer effect.

In order to improve the teaching quality for the interns in neurosurgery,PBL combined with CBL was intro-duced into the clinical teaching,under the teachers'guide,knowledge and experience was summarized through collecting prob-lems,combinig with cases,consulting literature and group discussion,etc.The teaching effect was evaluated in terms of ques-tionnaire survey,theory test and clinical skills examination,the results showed positive rate for the new teaching mode was 91％,improvement of clinical thinking approval rate 97.4％,excellence rate of theory test 96.2％,excellence rate of clinical skill exam-ination 93.6％.This teaching mode turned the interns into main subject of learning,and it had raised their interests and enthusi-asm,cultivated their clinical thinking ability to find problem and practical ability to solve problem,making them more qualified for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.