OBJECTIVE: We aimed to understand the willingness and barriers to the acceptance of tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) among people with latent TB infection (LTBI) in China. METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from May 18, 2023 to December 31, 2023 across 10 counties in China. According to a national technical guide, we included healthcare workers, students, teachers, and others occupations aged 15-65 years as our research participants. RESULTS: Overall, 17.0% (183/1,077) of participants accepted TPT. There were statistically significant differences in the acceptance rate of TPT among different sexes, ages, educational levels, and occupations ( P < 0.05). The main barriers to TPT acceptance were misconceptions that it had uncertain effects on prevention (57.8%, 517/894), and concerns about side effects (32.7%, 292/894). CONCLUSION An enhanced and comprehensive understanding of LTBI and TPT among people with LTBI is vital to further expand TPT in China. Moreover, targeted policies need to be developed to address barriers faced by different groups of people.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Aged ; Latent Tuberculosis/prevention & control* ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Tuberculosis/prevention & control* ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use* ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice

The depth of invasion is a new index in the 8th edition of TNM classification and staging of oral cancer. Currently, there is no standardized evaluation method for the diagnosis of bone invasion and depth of invasion in lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma (LGSCC). The evaluation of LGSCC bone invasion depth not only provides a reference for surgical margin, but also determines the choice of surgical method, and is an independent prognostic factor for predicting cervical lymphatic metastasis. At present, the main evaluation methods of LGSCC bone invasion and invasion depth include X-ray, MRI, CT, positron emission tomography(PET)/CT, PET/MRI, singlephoton emission CT(SPECT)/CT and pathological examination. In this paper, the evaluation methods and effects of LGSCC bone invasion and invasion depth are summarized, and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in order to provide reference for clinical application.

Objective:To analyze the cytopathologic and sonographic features of false-positive diagnosis in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules.Methods:The false-positive diagnosis of thyroid nodules FNA which was confirmed by histopathology in the Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan 2016 to Sep 2020 were collected and analyzed.Results:A total of 2, 626 patients with 2, 971 thyroid nodules were performed ultrasonography (US)-guided FNA, and 1, 061 thyroid nodules (35.7%) were confirmed by histopathology.Among these 1, 061 nodules, 817 (77.0%) were histopathologic malignancy, and 748(70.5%) were cytopathologic malignancy (TBSRTC Ⅴ-Ⅵ). Twenty-one patients with 23 thyroid nodules were false-positive diagnosis, showing TBSRTC Ⅴ, with a false-positive rate of 9.4%. In these false-positive cases, 18 patients showed normal thyroid function and 13 showed negative thyroid antibodies. All the false-positive nodules showed part of cytopathologic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma, but were insufficient to diagnose TBSRTC Ⅵ. In sonographic features, 16 nodules (69.6%) were classified as ACR TI-RADS 2-4, 12 (52.2%) were classified as C-TIRADS 3-4A or sonographic benign, and none of the nodules were found suspicious cervical lymph nodes metastasis.Conclusions:The overlapping of cytopathologic features is the main cause of false-positive diagnosis in thyroid nodules FNA. Sonographic features may play a role in decreasing the false-positive diagnosis.

Objective:To explore the application effect of the caregiver self-management support project in main caregivers of adolescents with epilepsy.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, the main caregivers of adolescents with epilepsy who were enrolled before implementation of the caregiver self-management support project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January to August 2019 were included in the control group ( n=101) , and they were given routine follow-up. The main caregivers of adolescents with epilepsy who were enrolled after the implementation of the project from September 2019 to June 2020 were included in the study group ( n=101) . Before and after the intervention, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) , Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) , Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) , Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA) and Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) were used to compare the psychological resilience, coping style, quality of life and social support of caregivers between the two groups. Finally, a total of 98 caregivers in the study group and 97 caregivers in the control group completed the study. Results:After the intervention, the scores of dimensions of CD-RISC, positive coping score of SCSQ, LSIA score and dimensions scores of MOS-SSS of main caregivers in the study group were higher than those in the control group, while the scores of negative coping of SCSQ and ZBI were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The caregiver self-management support project helps to strengthen the psychological resilience of the main caregivers of adolescents with epilepsy, enhance their active coping style and social support and improve their quality of life.

Antrodia camphorata, a well-known and highly valued edible medicinal mushroom with intriguing activities like liver protection, has been traditionally used for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. A. camphorata shows highly medicinal and commercial values with the demand far exceeds the available supply. Thus, the petri-dish cultured A. camphorata (PDCA) is expected to develope as a substitute. In this paper, nineteen triterpenes were isolated from PDCA, and thirteen of them were the unique anthroic acids in A. camphorata, including the main content antcin K, which suggested that PDCA produced a large array of the same anthroic acids as the wild one. Furthermore, no obvious acute toxicity was found suggesting the edible safety of PDCA. In mice alcohol-induced liver injury model, triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) had been reduced by the PDCA powder as well as the main content antcin K, which indicated that the PDCA could protect alcoholic liver injury in mice model and antcin K could be the effective component responsible for the hepatoprotective activities of PDCA against alcoholic liver diseases.
Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Animals ; Antrodia ; chemistry ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Biological Products ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Cholestenes ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cholesterol, VLDL ; blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ethanol ; toxicity ; Female ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal ; chemistry ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; prevention & control ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Objective To explore the expression and clinical pathological significance of long non-coding transcription factor 7 (lncTCF7) in gastric cancer tissues and to investigate the role of lncTCF7 in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer by in vitro experimental study.Methods From January to June 2011,one hundred patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy were selected from Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.The expression of lncTCF7 at mRNA level was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).The patients were divided into high expression group (50 cases) and low expression group (50 cases) according to the lncTCF7 mRNA expression level.The stable interferenced lncTCF7 cell line (stable interference group) and blank control lncTCF7 cell line (blank control group) were established.Then the relationship between lncTCF7 expression level and clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis was analyzed.The interferenced lncTCF7 cell line was constructed and utilized,and the role of lncTCF7 in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer was detected by wound healing,Transwell and Western blotting method.The Chi square test and t test were performed for statistical analysis.The Kaplan-Meier curve was used for survival analysis.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used for screening the independent factors affecting prognosis.Results The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of lncTCF7 mRNA in high expression group and low expression group were 0.019 ± 0.003 and 0.002 ± 0.001,respectively.The survival rate of high expression group was lower than that of low expression group (46％,23/50 vs.72％,36/50),and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.002 5).The expression level of lncTCF7 was correlated with intravascular tumor thrombus formation,nerve invasion,depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis (x2 =7.862,7.162,11.903 and 8.280,all P ＜ 0.05).The results of univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the expression level of lncTCF7 was significantly correlated with the depth of invasion (hazard ratio (HR) =4.205,P =0.002;HR =3.125,P =0.018).The results of wound healing assay indicated that lncTCF7 interference could significantly inhibit wound healing ((92.90 ± 1.51) ％ vs.(12.33 ± 0.67) ％,t =48.72,P ＜ 0.01).The results of Transwell assay demonstrated that after 24 hours of culture the number of cells passed through the membrane of the chamber of blank control group was higher than that of stable interference group (83.6 ± 12.5 vs.26.6 ± 4.3),and the difference was statistically significant (t =9.65,P ＜ 0.01).The results of Western blotting showed that the expression of E-cadherin,a marker of epithelial origin,of stable interference group was significantly increased compared with that of blank control group (0.32 ±0.01 vs.0.76 ± 0.01),however the expression levels of vimentin and N-cadherin,markers of mesenchymal origin,were significantly decreased (0.56 ±0.01 vs.0.39 ± 0.01 and 0.67 ± 0.01 vs.0.33 + 0.01),and the differences were all statistically significant (t =26.68,10.09 and 24.14,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The prognosis of gastric cancer patients with high expression of lncTCF7 is poor.lncTCF7 may promote the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer by influencing eoithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cells.

Objective This retrospective study compared the detection rates of prostate cancer between freehand transperineal biopsy (FTPB) and template-guided transperineal biopsy (TYPB) in the patients with PSA levels ＜ 20 ng/ml.Methods From April 2017 to April 2019,768 patients with PSA levels ＜ 20 ng/ml were included into this study.Of these patients,406 underwent FTPB procedures and 362 underwent TTPB procedures.There were no significant differences of median age [66.00(61.00,70.00)vs.66.00 (61.00,71.25) years],height [170.00 (165.00,172.00) vs.170 (165.00,173.00) cm],weight [70.00 (63.88,75.00) vs.70.00 (63.75,75.00) kg],BMI [24.22 (22.22,25.95) vs.24.22 (22.49,25.82) kg/m2],PSA [8.75 (6.49,12.40) vs.8.69 (6.49,11.96) ng/ml],fPSA [1.18 (0.33,2.15) vs.1.15(0.76,1.88)ng/ml],prostate volume [39.79(25.55,53.94)vs.39.88(24.46,55.11)ml] between two groups.Patients' biopsy results were recorded,the differences of prostate cancer detection rates between these two groups were analyzed,specifically including the cancer with Gleason score ≥ 7 and the anterior zone cancer.Results The total prostate cancer detection rates were 33.7％ (137/406) and 39.0％ (141/362,P =0.134) in FTPB group and TTPB group respectively,and the detection rates of cancer with Gleason score≥7 were 23.9％ (97/406) and 32.0％ (116/362,P =0.012) respectively.The detection rates of anterior zone prostate cancer were 15.5％ (63/406) and 27.3％ (99/362,P ＜0.001).Moreover,in thepatients with PSA ＜ 10 ng/ml,the prostate cancer detection rates were 29.8％ (74/248) and 36.2％ (81/224,P =0.144) respectively,while the detection rates of cancer with Gleason score ≥7 were 19.4％ (48/248) and 29.9％ (67/224,P =0.008) respectively.Conclusions There was no significant difference in the total prostate cancer detection rates between 12-core TTPB group and 20-core FTPB group in the patients with PSA ＜ 20 ng/ml,but for the detection rate of cancer with Gleason score ≥ 7,TTPB group was significantly higher than FTPB group,especially in the patients with PSA ＜ 10 ng/ml.In addition,for anterior zone prostate cancer,the detection rate of TrPB group was also higher than FTPB group.

Understanding the effect of immunosuppressive agents on intestinal microbiota is important to reduce the mortality and morbidity from orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We investigated the relationship between the commonly used immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A (CSA) and the intestinal microbial variation in an OLT model. The rat samples were divided as follows: (1) N group (normal control); (2) I group (isograft LT, Brown Norway [BN] rat to BN); (3) R group (allograft LT, Lewis to BN rat); and (4) CSA group (R group treated with CSA). The intestinal microbiota was assayed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles and by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The liver histopathology and the alanine/aspartate aminotransferase ratio after LT were both ameliorated by CSA. In the CSA group, the numbers of rDNA gene copies of Clostridium cluster I, Clostridium cluster XIV, and Enterobacteriaceae decreased, whereas those of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii increased compared with the R group. Cluster analysis indicated that the samples from the N, I, and CSA groups were clustered, whereas the other clusters contained the samples from the R group. Hence, CSA ameliorates hepatic graft injury and partially restores gut microbiota following LT, and these may benefit hepatic graft rejection.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on gastric emptying in patients undergoing selective surgery based on velocity of gastric emptying by ultrasonography.

METHODSA total of 75 patients with selective operation of subarachnoid block at lower limb in the afternoon were randomly assigned to a TEAS group, a sham group and a control group, 25 patients in each one. All the patients were provided with semi-fluid diet at 8 a.m. The TEAS group was treated with TEAS 5 min after semi-fluid diets at bilateral Zusanli (ST 36) and Neiguan (PC 6) for 30 min, with frequency of 5 Hz and intensity which was 1 mA lower than the tolerance threshold. The sham group patients were stimulated at the same acupoints with current intensity which was 1 mA lower than the sensory threshold. The control group received no treatment. On the day of operation, and ultrasonography was given at time of empty stomach (T0), immediately after the semi-fluid diets (T1), and every 30 min after diets (T2-T6), respectively, to measure the gastric content and emptying time at semire-clining position and right lateral position.

RESULTSThe volume of gastric content in the three groups at T3-T6 was significantly less than that at T1 (all<0.05). The volume of gastric content at T4-T6 at semire-clining position in the TEAS group was significantly less than that in the control group and sham group (all<0.05). The volume of gastric content at T5-T6 at right lateral position in the TEAS group was significantly less than that in the control group and sham group (all<0.05). The gastric emptying time in the TEAS group was significantly less than that in the control group and sham group (both<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe gastric emptying velocity could be evaluated by ultrasonography. TEAS could improve the velocity of gastric emptying and reduce the gastric emptying time.

Objective To study the short-term effectiveness of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in high-risk prostate cancer.Methods From March 2012 to March 2017,400 patients with high-risk prostate who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy were reviewed.The median age was 68 years old(ranged from 49 to 83 years),and the median PSA was 23.1 ng/ ml(ranged from 5.2 to 999.0 ng/ml).Preoperative parameters,surgical interventional data,postoperative pathology and follow-up data were collected.Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of positive surgical margin in postoperative pathology.Results All the operations were successfully completed.Median operation time was 115 min(ranged 50-555 min),and median estimated blood loss was 110 ml(ranged 30-500 ml).Six patients had perioperative complications,among which two were rectal injury,two were cardio-cerebrovascular disease and two were hemorrhage.There was no perioperative death.Positive surgical margin was detected in 151 patients,accounting for 37.8％.A total of 345 cases (86.3％) underwent lymphadenectomy,of which 253 cases (63.3％) were performed standardized resection and 92 cases (23％) were performed extensive resection.The median number of resected lymph nodes was 9 (ranged 3-36).Eighty cases (23.2％,80/345) were positive in resected lymph nodes.Regression analysis showed that preoperative PSA ＞ 20 ng / ml or clinical stage ≥ T2c were risk factors for positive surgical margins.After a median follow-up of 14.4 months (ranged 2.0-58.8 months),the overall incidence of biochemical recurrence was 33.4％ (107/320),and the urinary continence rate one year after operation was 86.6％ (277/320).Conclusions Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in patients with high-risk prostate cancer was a feasible,safe and effective approach.Preoperative PSA and clinical stage were the risk factors for positive surgical margin.