[Purpose]To analyze the incidence and mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancer in can-cer registration areas of Hunan Province in 2021 and the trend changes from 2012 to 2021.[Methods]Data on oral and pharyngeal cancer incidence and mortality from 2012 to 2021 were collected from 78 quality-controlled cancer registries in Hunan Province,with population data sourced from household registration statistics provided by public security authorities.Indicators such as crude incidence and mortality rates,age-standardized incidence and mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC),and world standard population(ASIRW,ASMRW)in 2021 were calculated.The Chinese standard population(2000 national census)and Segi's world standard population were used for standardization.Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.0.0 software was used to fit a Log-linear regression model,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of ASIRC/ASMRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer from 2012 to 2021 was calculated to analyze the changing trends.[Results]In 2021,the crude incidence rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer in cancer registration areas of Hunan Province was 9.28/105(15.14/105 for males and 3.07/105 for fe-males),with an ASIRC of 6.10/105;the crude mortality rate was 3.75/105(6.19/105 for males and 1.16/105 for females),with an ASMRC of 2.16/105.Both the incidence and mortality rates in male were significantly higher than those in female.Age distribution analysis showed that the incidence rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer increased with age after 30 years old,peaking in the age group of 60～64 years old(22.29/105);the mortality rate continued to rise after 35 years old,reaching the peak in the population aged ≥85 years old(14.52/105).Trend analysis from 2012 to 2021 indicated that the crude incidence rate and ASIRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer increased from 3.50/105 and 2.63/105 in 2012 to 9.28/105 and 6.10/105 in 2021,with AAPC of 12.33％and 10.80％,re-spectively;the crude mortality rate and ASMRC also showed upward trends(AAPC of 9.87％and 7.21％,respectively);all trend changes were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Sex stratification revealed that the AAPC of ASIRC and ASMRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer in male were higher than those in female(AAPC of ASIRC:12.65％for males vs 4.28％for females;AAPC of ASMRC:8.79％for males vs 4.13％for females).Age-specific trend analysis found that the ASIRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer in the population aged ≤ 44 years old showed an upward trend(AAPC=11.73％,P＜0.001),with the AAPC of male in this group reaching 14.57％;the AAPC of ASIRC for the age groups of 45～64 years old and ≥65 years old were 11.03％and 9.74％,respectively,and the AAPC of ASMRC for these two groups were 10.05％and 8.19％,respectively,with all trend changes being statistically significant(all P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant change in the ASMRC of the population aged ≤44 years old(AAPC=5.66％,P=0.087).[Conclusion]The incidence and mortality rates of oral and pharyngeal cancer in cancer registration areas of Hunan Province remain high and show an upward trend,with a tendency of younger onset.Males and middle-aged and elderly populations are the key focuses of prevention and control.

Objective To investigate factors that affect the treatment effect of laser vitrectomy for vit-reous opacity and the related factors that affect patient satisfaction,so as to evaluate its clinical value.Methods A total of 196 patients with vitreous opacity treated using the Ultra Q ReflexTM Nd:YAG laser system at our hospital between October 2019 and February 2024 were enrolled.Patient medical records and satisfaction questionnaires were analyzed.Investigational data underwent machine-coded classification,and a Python-based decision tree prediction model was employed to identify factors affecting treatment outcomes.Stata18.0 OLS linear regression was used to assess correlations between patient satisfaction and variables such as healthcare provider quality,treatment accessibility,and medical environment.Results After laser vitrectomy,95.3%of patients with vitreous opacity showed significant improvement in symptoms,and 90.3%expressed satisfac-tion with the improvement in postoperative visual quality.Patients'gender,age,preoperative vitreous opacity morphology,and refractive error below-6.00D had an impact on the treatment outcome(P<0.05).Python decision tree analysis demonstrated superior efficacy in patients aged>30-45 years with 6-12 months of symptom duration and refractive error<-6.00D.Stata18.0 OLS linear regression analysis showed that all examined variables were positively correlated at the 1%significance level,with patients'expected feelings having the greatest impact on postoperative satisfaction with treatment(r=1.053).Conclusion Ultra Q Nd:YAG laser vitreous ablation demonstrates high safety and patient satisfaction for vitreous opacity treatment.

[Purpose]To analyze the incidence and mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancer in can-cer registration areas of Hunan Province in 2021 and the trend changes from 2012 to 2021.[Methods]Data on oral and pharyngeal cancer incidence and mortality from 2012 to 2021 were collected from 78 quality-controlled cancer registries in Hunan Province,with population data sourced from household registration statistics provided by public security authorities.Indicators such as crude incidence and mortality rates,age-standardized incidence and mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC),and world standard population(ASIRW,ASMRW)in 2021 were calculated.The Chinese standard population(2000 national census)and Segi's world standard population were used for standardization.Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.0.0 software was used to fit a Log-linear regression model,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of ASIRC/ASMRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer from 2012 to 2021 was calculated to analyze the changing trends.[Results]In 2021,the crude incidence rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer in cancer registration areas of Hunan Province was 9.28/105(15.14/105 for males and 3.07/105 for fe-males),with an ASIRC of 6.10/105;the crude mortality rate was 3.75/105(6.19/105 for males and 1.16/105 for females),with an ASMRC of 2.16/105.Both the incidence and mortality rates in male were significantly higher than those in female.Age distribution analysis showed that the incidence rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer increased with age after 30 years old,peaking in the age group of 60～64 years old(22.29/105);the mortality rate continued to rise after 35 years old,reaching the peak in the population aged ≥85 years old(14.52/105).Trend analysis from 2012 to 2021 indicated that the crude incidence rate and ASIRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer increased from 3.50/105 and 2.63/105 in 2012 to 9.28/105 and 6.10/105 in 2021,with AAPC of 12.33％and 10.80％,re-spectively;the crude mortality rate and ASMRC also showed upward trends(AAPC of 9.87％and 7.21％,respectively);all trend changes were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Sex stratification revealed that the AAPC of ASIRC and ASMRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer in male were higher than those in female(AAPC of ASIRC:12.65％for males vs 4.28％for females;AAPC of ASMRC:8.79％for males vs 4.13％for females).Age-specific trend analysis found that the ASIRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer in the population aged ≤ 44 years old showed an upward trend(AAPC=11.73％,P＜0.001),with the AAPC of male in this group reaching 14.57％;the AAPC of ASIRC for the age groups of 45～64 years old and ≥65 years old were 11.03％and 9.74％,respectively,and the AAPC of ASMRC for these two groups were 10.05％and 8.19％,respectively,with all trend changes being statistically significant(all P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant change in the ASMRC of the population aged ≤44 years old(AAPC=5.66％,P=0.087).[Conclusion]The incidence and mortality rates of oral and pharyngeal cancer in cancer registration areas of Hunan Province remain high and show an upward trend,with a tendency of younger onset.Males and middle-aged and elderly populations are the key focuses of prevention and control.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a diffuse nonspecific intestinal inflammation. Spleen-kidney Yang deficiency combined with liver stagnation is the most common symptom. Sishen Pills-Tongxie Yaofang (SSP-TXYF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that is widely used in the treatment of this symptom. However, its pharmacological mechanism and active components remain unclear. Objective: This study elucidated the potential mechanism and active components of SSP-TXYF in the treatment of UC from the perspective of TCM syndrome. Methods: Metascape, STRING, and Cytoscape were used to explore the SSP-TXYF-compound-target-UC network and biological enrichment pathways, so as to screen the active compounds, key targets, and pathways of SSP-TXYF. Through the construction of a rat model with UC, the key targets and active components were verified after SSP-TXYF administration. Results: A total of 77 effective active chemical components, 208 potential targets, and 5 core target genes were screened out. Gene Ontology biological process items and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathways showed that SSP-TXYF played a role in regulating nerve-endocrine, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and immune-related pathways. The main compounds and the target protein exhibited a good binding ability in molecular docking. The results of animal experiments showed that SSP-TXYF could improve UC through IL-6, AKT1, PTGS2, CASP3, and JUN, and nobiletin and wogonin were identified as the main active components. Conclusions: This study suggests that nobiletin and wogonin are the main components of SSP-TXYF in the treatment of UC, which provides effective therapeutic targets and drugs for future clinical treatment of UC.

ObjectiveTo construct a mouse model of inflammation-associated colorectal cancer （CAC） by using azoxymethane （AOM）/dextran sulfate sodium （DSS） and investigate the effect of Huangqintang on the gut microbiota structure of mice during the occurrence and development of CAC by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. MethodA total of 225 C57BL/6J mice were randomized into 5 groups （n=45）： Normal， model， positive drug （mesalazine）， and high （18 g·kg^-1） and low （9 g·kg^-1）-dose Huangqintang. Except those in the normal group， each mouse was injected with 10 mg·kg^-1 AOM on day 1 and day 5 within 1 week and then given 1.5% DSS solution for 7 days， which was then changed to sterile water for 14 days. This process referred to as one cycle， and mice were treated for a total of 3 cycles. On the first day of DSS treatment， mice were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage， and the normal group and the model group were administrated with pure water by gavage， once a day until the end of the third cycle. The progression of CAC was divided into inflammation， proliferation， and tumorigenesis stages. At the end of each cycle， the body weight and colon length were measured for mice in each group， and the number of colon tumors in mice was recorded. Meanwhile， the disease activity index （DAI） was determined. The serum levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and carbohydrate antigen-199 （CA199）， a tumor marker in the gastrointestinal tract of mice， were measured by ELISA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe colon lesions. At the same time， 3-5 pellets of fresh feces of mice in the normal group， model group， and high-dose Huangqintang group were collected， from which the fecal DNA of mice was extracted for 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased body weight （P<0.01）， increased DAI， and shortened colon length （P<0.05） at the three stages. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed elevated levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05） at the proliferation stage and elevated levels of CA199 at the inflammation， proliferation， and tumorigenesis （P<0.01） stages. Compared with the normal group， the model group presented obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells at the inflammation stage， thickening of the muscle layer and abnormal proliferation of mucosal layer cells at the proliferation and tumorigenesis stages， and final formation of advanced intraepithelial tumor lesions. Compared with the model group， the Huangqintang groups showed no significant improvement in the body weight， decreased DAI score， and increased colon length at the three stages， and the increase of colon length in the tumorigenesis stage was significant （P<0.01）. At the tumorigenesis stage， the administration of Huangqintang inhibited tumor formation and growth， reduced the number of tumors （P<0.01）， lowered the levels of IL-6 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and IL-1β at the three stages， and decreased CA199 at the inflammation stage as well as at the proliferation and tumorigenesis stages （P<0.01， P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the administration of Huangqintang reduced inflammation and abnormal cell proliferation， delaying the occurrence of tumors. Compared with the normal group， the model group showcased decreased alpha and beta diversity and altered structure of gut microbiota at the inflammation， proliferation， and tumorigenesis stages. The administration of Huangqintang adjusted the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota to the normal levels. At the inflammation stage， Huangqintang positively regulated two differential phyla （Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes） and three differential genera （Muribaculaceae， Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group， and Flavonifractor） in mice. At the proliferation stage， Huangqintang positively regulated two differential phyla （Bacteroidetes and Patescibacteria） and five differential genera （Muribaculaceae， Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group， Candidatus_Saccharimonas， norank_f__UCG-010， and Allobaculum）. At the tumorigenesis stage， Huangqintang positively regulated two differential phyla （Proteobacteria and Patescibacteria） and eight differential genera （Muribaculaceae， Candidatus_Saccharimonas， norank_f_UCG-010， Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006， Allobaculum， Bacteroides， Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group， and Flavonifractor） in mice. ConclusionHuangqintang can intervene in the AOM/DSS-induced transformation of inflammation to CAC in mice by correcting inflammation and short-chain fatty acid-related microbiota disorders.

Objective To optimize the method of combining azomethane oxide(AOM)and dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)to create a colitis-associated colon cancer(CAC)model,and to explore the pathogenesis of the intestinal flora in CAC.Methods Model groups A and B were established by one and two injections of AOM,respectively,combined with free drinking of DSS,and a normal control group was injected intraperitoneally with normal saline combined with purified water(n=10 mice per group).The better modeling scheme was selected by comprehensive evaluation of the disease activity index score,colon length,tumor rate,and mortality.Serum levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and tumor markers CA199,CEA,and CA724 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Colon lesions were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.Changes in the intestinal microbiota in CAC mice were detected by 16S rDNA high-throughput gene sequencing analysis of mouse feces.Results Both single and enhanced AOM injections combined with DSS induced CAC mice;however,colon growths were larger,more closely arranged,and their morphological size was more consistent in group B compared with group A,with a tumor-formation rate of 100％.IL-6 levels were increased in the model group compared with the normal group(P＜0.05).TNF-α levels were increased in the model group compared with the normal group(P＞0.05).The CA199 and CEA levels were also significantly increased(P＜0.05),but CA724 levels were not.Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon detected by HE pathology was accompanied by high-grade intraepithelial tumor-like changes on the surface of the lumen.The diversity and abundance of intestinal bacteria were decreased in CAC mice compared with normal mice:phyla Verrucomicrobiota and Actinobacteriota were significantly increased(P＜0.05),Bacteroidota and Campilobacterota were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Akkermansia,Prevotellaceae,Ruminococcus,and Bifidobacterium were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and Roseburia,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,Anaeroplasma,and Muribaculaceae were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusions Two injections of AOM combined with 1.5％(1.5 g/100 mL)DSS induced CAC model mice with a high colon-tumorigenesis rate,uniform tumor morphology,and low mortality,and may thus be the preferred modeling scheme for pharmacodynamic experiments.Disorders or dysfunction of the intestinal flora may lead to increased permeability,loss of intestinal mucosal barrier function,and the release of enterogenic endotoxins,Resultsing in a sustained inflammatory response,as an indirect or direct cause of CAC pathogenesis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of Huangqintang on mouse models of colitis-associated colon cancer （CAC） and explore the mechanism of Huangqintang in regulating immune function and inflammatory response， inhibiting abnormal cell proliferation， and delaying or inhibiting CAC formation in CAC. MethodC57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal group， model group， mesalazine group， and high- and low-dose Huangqintang groups according to body weight， with 12 mice in each group. Except for the normal group， the rest of the mice were given two intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg·kg^-1 azomethane （AOM） and allowed to drink 1.5% dextran sodium sulfate （DSS） freely for seven days and water normally for two weeks. Then， two cycles of ''DSS-drinking water'' were repeated. During the administration of DSS， mice in the normal group and model group were given gavage in equal doses of pure water. Mice in the mesalazine group were given 150 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 mesalamine suspension for gavage， and mice in the high- and low-dose Huangqintang groups were given 18 and 9 g·kg^-1·d^-1 Huangqintang for gavage， respectively. Each group was given one dose daily until the end of three cycles. After the intervention， the body weight， colon length， and number of colon tumors in each group were measured， and disease activity index （DAI） scores were performed. The serum contents of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-4 （IL-4）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， and gastrointestinal tumor marker carbohydrate antigen-199 （CA199） were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The colonic lesions were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The expression of proliferative cell-associated antigen （Ki67） was observed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of T lymphocyte subsets （CD3⁺， CD4⁺， CD8⁺， and CD49b⁺） in mouse plasma was detected by flow cytometry. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-D （FITC-D） content in mouse serum was detected by fluorescent labeling method. The Western blot method was used to detect the expression of Cyclin D₁， cyclin-dependent kinase 2 （CDK2）， cyclin-dependent kinase 4 （CDK4）， and tightly junction-related Occludin and Claudin-1. ResultCompared with the normal group， the body weight of mice in the model group decreased. DAI score increased significantly， and the colon became shorter. Pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6， TNF-α， and IL-1β increased， and IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased （P<0.05）. The inflammatory factor IL-4 （P<0.05） and IL-10 were significantly reduced， and the tumor marker CA199 was significantly increased （P<0.01）. HE staining showed that colon lesions， intestinal mucosal epithelial defects with a large number of inflammatory infiltrates， serious crypt structure damage， and glandular arrangement disorder were observed in the model group. Ki67 positive granules were expressed in large areas of colonic tissue. The serum CD4⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ of mice in the model group decreased significantly （P<0.05）， and CD8⁺ increased significantly （P<0.05）. The plasma content of FITC-D in the model group was significantly increased （P<0.05）， and the expression of Cyclin D₁， CDK2， and CDK4 proteins in colon tissue was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， the expression of Occludin and Claudin-1 was significantly decreased. Compared with the model group， the body weight of mice in the mesalazine group and the high- and low-dose Huangqintang groups increased. DAI score decreased， and the colon became longer. IL-6， TNF-α， and IL-1β expression decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， but there was no significant change in IL-4 and IL-10. The content of CA199 was significantly reduced （P<0.05）， and the colomatoid lesions and inflammatory infiltrates were reduced in the mesalazine group and the Huangqintang group. The crypt structure damage was lighter， and the positive expression of Ki67 was reduced. CD4⁺， CD4⁺/CD8⁺， and CD49b⁺ increased， and the difference was not statistically significant. FITC-D content decreased （P<0.05）. The expression of Cyclin D₁， CDK2， and CDK4 decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and Claudin-1 and Occludin protein expression increased in the high-dose Huangqintang group （P<0.05）. ConclusionHuangqintang has a certain delay and inhibitory effect on AOM/DSS-induced inflammatory cancer transformation， and its mechanism of action may be related to regulating immune function and inflammatory response， inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory factors， repairing damaged intestinal barriers， inhibiting abnormal proliferation of colon cells， and intervening in the formation and development of CAC colon tumors.

OBJECTIVE：To establish the fingerprint of ethanol extract and acetone extract from Anemarrhena asphodeloides and its different processed products ，and to investigate the spectrum-effect relationship between the fingerprint and the antioxidant activity. METHODS ：HPLC method and HPLC-ELSD method were adopted. The determination was performed on Thermo BDS Hypersil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.2％ acetic acid at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃，and the detection wavelength was set at 258 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. The determination was performed on XDB-C 18 columnwith mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ acetic acid （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ . The temperature of atomizer was 40 ℃ and the flow rare of N 2 was 1.6 mL/min. The sample size was 10 μL. Using mangiferin and timosaponin B Ⅱ as reference ，Fingerprint Similarity Eva- com luation System of TCM Chromatogram （2004A edition ）was adopted to draw the fingerprint of ethanol extract and acetoneextract from 20 batches of A. asphodeloides and its different processed products to confirm common peaks. Using scave nging rate of 1，1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine（DPPH）radical as index，antioxidant activities of ethanol extract and acetone extract from 20 batches of A. asphodeloides and its processed products were investigated. Using scavenging rate of DPPH radical as dependent variable ，common peak area as independent variable ，PLSR was used to analyze the spectrum-effect relationship of ethanol extract and acetone extract from A. asphodeloides with antioxidantion activity. RESULTS ：Eight peaks （M1-M8）were identified in the fingerprints of ethanol extracts from 20 batches of processed A. asphodeloides . Mangiferin （chromatogram peak M 7）was identified with similarity of 0.389-1.000；seven comon peaks （S1-S7）and timosaponin B Ⅱ（peak S 5）were identified in the fingerprint of acetone extract ，and the similarity was 0.044-0.999. DPPH radical scavenging rate of ethanol extract from 20 batches of A. asphodeloides and its processed products was 21.23％- 81.39％，and A. asphodeloides was significantly lower than salt-processed A. asphodeloides with salt wine-processed A. asphodeloides （P＜0.001）；and that of acetone extract was 49.73％-83.78％，and A. asphodeloides was significantly higher than stir-baked A. asphodeloides with salt ，wine or fire （P＜0.001）. The standardized regression coefficients of peaks M 2-M7 in the spectrum of ethanol extract from A. asphodeloides were all greater than 0，which was positively correlated with antioxidant activity. Only the variable importance projection （VIP）value of peak M 7 was greater than 1，which had an important contribution. The standardized regression coefficients of peaks S 4-S7 in the acetone extract spectrum of A. asphodeloides were greater than 0，and were positively correlated with antioxidant activity. The order of VIP values was peak S 5＞S6＞S4，and the VIP values were all greater than 1. CONCLUSIONS：The fingerprint of the different processed products A. asphodeloides and its antioxidant activity spectral effect relationship were successfully established ；mangiferin（peak M 7）may be the main antioxidant substance of ethanol extract from A. asphodeloides . Timosaponin B Ⅱ（peak S 5），peak S 6 and peak S 4 may be the main antioxidant substance in acetone extract from A. asphodeloides .

Objective:To investigate the acceptance and attitude toward a novel fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in colorectal cancer screening among populations in China.Methods:From May 2018 to May 2019, 2 474 people aged 50-74 years were recruited from five provinces of China (Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hunan and Yunnan). The general demographic characteristics, acceptance of the new FIT technology and operational difficulties through the whole screening process were obtained through questionnaire survey. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors related to difficulties encountered in sampling stool, reading and uploading results.Results:The subjects were (60.0±6.4) years old, and female, high school of above educated, unemployed/retired/other, married and with medical insurance status of “new rural cooperative medical care (NRCMC)” accounted for 61.7% (1 526), 29.0%(718), 34.3% (849), 92.7% (2 293) and 31.3%(775), respectively. The population's acceptance of the FIT technology was 94.8%. In the process of FIT screening, the percentage of occurred difficulties in sampling stool, reading and uploading results were 33.1% (819), 46.4% (1 147) and 62.9% (1 557), respectively. The main difficulties were the uncertainty about whether the sampling operation was standard (28.0%), the inability to accurately judge the result displayed (32.5%) and the need for help without using a smartphone (44.2%). The results of multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that people aged 65-74 years old and with medical insurance status of “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in sampling, and those who were unemployed/retired/other and living with 3 or more family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in sampling. Those aged 65-74 years old, farmers or migrant workers, and those with “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in readingresults, and those with 3 or more family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in reading result. Those with “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in uploading results, and those with education level of high school or above, living with more than 3 family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in uploading results.Conclusion:The acceptance of the new FIT technology is relatively high among the subjects. Age, education level, occupation, number of family members living together and medical insurance status might be related to difficulties encountered in sampling stool, reading and uploading results, and it can be further strengthened in terms of the technology and characteristics of sub-populations.

Objective:To investigate the acceptance and attitude toward a novel fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in colorectal cancer screening among populations in China.Methods:From May 2018 to May 2019, 2 474 people aged 50-74 years were recruited from five provinces of China (Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hunan and Yunnan). The general demographic characteristics, acceptance of the new FIT technology and operational difficulties through the whole screening process were obtained through questionnaire survey. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors related to difficulties encountered in sampling stool, reading and uploading results.Results:The subjects were (60.0±6.4) years old, and female, high school of above educated, unemployed/retired/other, married and with medical insurance status of “new rural cooperative medical care (NRCMC)” accounted for 61.7% (1 526), 29.0%(718), 34.3% (849), 92.7% (2 293) and 31.3%(775), respectively. The population's acceptance of the FIT technology was 94.8%. In the process of FIT screening, the percentage of occurred difficulties in sampling stool, reading and uploading results were 33.1% (819), 46.4% (1 147) and 62.9% (1 557), respectively. The main difficulties were the uncertainty about whether the sampling operation was standard (28.0%), the inability to accurately judge the result displayed (32.5%) and the need for help without using a smartphone (44.2%). The results of multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that people aged 65-74 years old and with medical insurance status of “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in sampling, and those who were unemployed/retired/other and living with 3 or more family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in sampling. Those aged 65-74 years old, farmers or migrant workers, and those with “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in readingresults, and those with 3 or more family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in reading result. Those with “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in uploading results, and those with education level of high school or above, living with more than 3 family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in uploading results.Conclusion:The acceptance of the new FIT technology is relatively high among the subjects. Age, education level, occupation, number of family members living together and medical insurance status might be related to difficulties encountered in sampling stool, reading and uploading results, and it can be further strengthened in terms of the technology and characteristics of sub-populations.