ObjectiveTo improve the quality and service performance of community visual health services in Shanghai, and to establish a set of reasonable and effective evaluation index system for community visual health services. MethodsCentered on the national and Shanghai-based visual health policies and based on the current status and development trends of community visual health service program in Shanghai, the candidate indicators were formed through literature review and expert interviews, firstly. The framework of an evaluation index system was formulated through qualitative research successively, which was further revised and perfected using the Delphi method. Coefficient weights were calculated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), culminating in the establishment of the community visual health evaluation index system, lastly. ResultsA total of 22 visual health experts from district-level center for disease control, hospital ophthalmology and leaders in charging of visual health service in community health centers participated in the Delphi questionnaire survey, with a questionnaire recovery rate of 100% and an expert authority coefficient of 0.86, indicating high credibility. After a round of correspondence to experts’ importance ratings and discussions, a comprehensive evaluation index system comprising 3 primary indicators, 12 secondary indicators, and 47 tertiary indicators, along with 5 additional indicators, was finalized. ConclusionAn index system tailored to effective evaluation for community visual health initiatives was drawn up in this study, which can promote the capacity building in community eye health services, facilitating the high-quality development of visual health courses, and enhancing residents’ eye health.

Objective: To investigate the trend of gastric cancer disease burden in Wenzhou City, Zhijiang Province from 2014 to 2023, so as to providing evidence for prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data on incidence and mortality of gastric cancer among household registered residents in Wenzhou City from 2014 to 2023 were collected through the Wenzhou Chronic Disease Monitoring and Management Information System, and the crude incidence and crude mortality were calculated. The disease burden of gastric cancer was evaluated by calculating years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) using the World Health Organization's disease burden methodology. Trends in YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate of gastric cancer from 2014 to 2023 were analyzed using the average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: A total of 28 122 cases of gastric cancer and 17 080 deaths were reported in Wenzhou City from 2014 to 2023. The crude incidence and crude mortality were 34.13/105 and 20.73/105, respectively. The YYL, YLD and DALY caused by gastric cancer were 181 816.78, 53 198.41, and 235 015.198 person-years, and the YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate were 2.21, 0.64 and 2.85 person-years per 1 000 people, respectively. The YLL rate and DALY rate showed a downward trend (AAPC=-4.608% and -2.552%,both P<0.05), while the YLD rate showed an upward trend (AAPC=4.657%, P<0.05). The DALY rate of gastric cancer in men was 3.82 person-years per 1 000 people, and that in women was 1.83 person-years per 1 000 people, with a downward trend (AAPC=-2.924% and -1.647%, both P<0.05). The DALY rate of gastric cancer was relatively low in the 15 to <45 years age group, increased starting from the age of 45 years, and peaked in the ≥70 years age group, reaching 14.09 person-years per 1 000 peoples. The DALY rate of gastric cancer among residents aged 15 to <45 years, 45 to <70 years and ≥70 years showed a downward trend (AAPC=-3.626%, -5.450% and -4.404%, all P<0.05). Conclusions From 2014 to 2023, the DALY rate of gastric cancer in Wenzhou City demonstrated a sustained decline, primarily driven by a the loss of life years due to premature death. Males and older people continue had a heavier disease burden. It is recommended to implement targeted prevention and control measures to reduce the disease burden of gastric canceron among residents.

To analyze simulated patient studies and their developmental trajectory, a comprehensive review was conducted using VOS viewer software. PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for 4 164 articles related to simulated patients. By creating keyword clouds and comparison tables, the current status and development trends of simulated patient studies at home and abroad were analyzed, and visual analysis was conducted based on these findings. Additionally, the analysis encompassed various metrics such as the number of published articles, journals, authors, and institutions involved. The findings reveal that the simulated patient studies focus on education, examination, and communication. Chinese studies on simulated patients initially demonstrated an upward trend but followed with a decline, whereas English studies have exhibited a steady upward trajectory. The application of simulated patients spans diverse fields including diagnostics, internal medicine, surgery, and medical practitioner exams, thereby greatly contributing to the advancement of medical education. It is anticipated that the number of simulated patient studies will continue to surge in the upcoming years.

Integrating evidence from animal experiments is a critical component of biomedical research, providing essential prior information for in-depth investigations of disease mechanisms and new drug development. Animal models have played an irreplaceable role in simulating human diseases. However, the integration of evidence from animal experiments has faced numerous challenges, including insufficient emphasis, significant heterogeneity in study designs, high publication bias, and discrepancies with clinical research practices. This paper first identifies existing issues in the original research evidence from animal experiments, such as the selection and applicability of animal models, considerations in the design of experimental studies, and factors influencing the translation of animal experimental evidence. It then discusses various methods for integrating this evidence, including systematic review and meta-analysis, overview of systematic review/umbrella review, scoping review, and evidence mapping, while highlighting recent advancements in their application. Finally, the paper addresses the main challenges currently encountered in the integration of evidence from animal experiments and proposes targeted improvement strategies aimed at enhancing the efficiency of translating research outcomes into clinical practice and promoting the advancement of evidence-based medicine. By continuously optimizing original experimental research protocols and evidence integration practices, this work aims to establish a more efficient and scientific environment for the synthesis of evidence from animal experiments, ultimately contributing to clinical trials and human health.

Objective To investigate the effects of sulforaphane(SFN)in regulating the macrophage glycolysis via the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase(ALOX5)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway on the progression of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify the target genes of SFN in the treatment of DN.Human proximal tubular epithelial cell line(HK-2 cells)was induced with 30 mmol/L high glucose(HG)to create an in vitro model of DN.HK-2 cells were divided into the following groups:normal glucose(NG)group,HG group,HG+SFN(3 mmol/L)group,HG+ALOX5 group,HG+SFN(3 mmol/L)+ALOX5 group,HG-treated macrophages+HK-2 group,HG+SFN(3 mmol/L)treated macrophages s+HK-2 group,HG+ALOX5 transfection treated macrophages+HK-2 group,HG+SFN(3 mmol/L)+ALOX5 transfection treated macrophages+HK-2 group.CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability,Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)method was used to detect cell apoptosis;glucose and lactate levels in the cells were measured using assay kits;Western blot was performed to detect the expression of ALOX5,NF-κB,and glycolysis-related proteins hexokinase-2(HK2),pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2),glucose transporter 1(GLUT1)in each group.Diabetic nephropathy(DN)mouse models were established using streptozotocin(STZ)and treated with SFN(0.5 mg/kg).Various biochemical parameters were measured in the mice,and kidney tissue pathology was examined using H&E staining.Western blot was used to detect the expression of glycolysis-related proteins(HK2,PKM2,GLUT1)in kidney macrophages.Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed ALOX5 as the target gene of SFN in treating DN.Compared to the HG group,SFN treatment enhanced HK-2 cell viability and in-hibited apoptosis(P<0.05);concurrently,SFN treatment suppressed HG-induced macrophage glycolysis-related protein and attenuated macrophage-mediated HK-2 cellular injury(P<0.05).Western blot results showed that SFN inhibited the expression of ALOX5 and NF-κB(P<0.05).The mouse experiment results showed that SFN treatment improved kidney function and pathological changes in the kidney of DN mice,and inhibited the related protein expression of acrophage glycolysis in kidney tissue(P<0.05).Conclusion SFN improves the progression of DN by inhibiting the expression of macrophage glycolysis-related protein through the ALOX5/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the clinical application value of pediatric electronic bronchoscopy on the diagnosis of respiratory disease in the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU)by morphological diagnosis.Methods The clinical data of 124 patients with PICU respiratory critically ill patients who underwent bedside electronic bronchoscopy from July 2017 to December 2022 in Lanzhou University Second Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Pathogen examination of 96 cases of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),bronchoscopy guided nasal endotracheal intubation in 3 cases was conducted.The accuracy of diagnosis of lung lesions was compared between electronic bronchoscopy and chest CT,and the morphological changes of lung lesions under electronic bronchoscopy were observed.Results The accuracy of electronic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of tracheoesophageal fistula,tracheoesophageal rupture and bronchial foreign body is significantly higher than that of chest CT(tracheoesophageal fistula:4 cases vs.0 case,tracheoesophageal rupture:4 cases vs.0 case,bronchial foreign body:4 cases vs.6 cases,all P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the accuracy of diagnosis of lung contusion and bronchiectasis between electronic bronchoscopy and chest CT.Typical cases confirmed under endoscopic:4 cases(3.23%)had tracheoesophageal fistula.Bronchial rupture 4 cases(3.23%).Endobronchial tuberculosis was diagnosed in 1 case(0.81%)with bronchial neoplasms and white caseous material attached to the mucosa.Positive bacteria were detected in 23 cases(23.96%).Guided nasotracheal intubation was performed in 3 children with jaw or cervical fracture.Endotracheal catheterization under mechanical ventilation was performed in 13 cases.There were no serious complications and death during and after the operation.Conclusion Pediatric bendable bronchoscopy with PICU is safe and reliable.It can improve the diagnosis rate of respiratory diseases in PICU,and has high clinical application value.

Objective To investigate the clinical prognosis value of serum microRNA(miR)-138-5p and miR-212-5p levels in prostate cancer.Methods A total of 95 cases of prostate cancer patients admitted to the First Hospital of Handan from July 2020 to June 2021 were collected.Based on follow-up records for two years after surgery,these patients were separated into a poor prognosis group(n=52)and a good prognosis group(n=43),and 48 healthy volunteers who underwent a physical examination at the hospital were collected as the healthy control group.In addition,quantitative real-time fluorescence-PCR(qRT-PCR)was applied to detect the relative expression levels of miR-138-5p and miR-212-5p in the serum of study subjects,and the clinical data of the patients were collected and analyzed.Multivariate COX regression was applied to analyze factors that affected the prognosis of prostate cancer patients.The predictive value of serum miR-138-5p and miR-212-5p for the prognosis of prostate patients was tested,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted.Pearson method was applied to analyze the correlation between the expression of serum miR-138-5p and miR-212-5p and the Gleason score.Results Compared to the healthy control group,the serum levels of miR-138-5p(0.88±0.10,0.83±0.09 vs 1.01±0.10),and miR-212-5p(0.75±0.09,0.71±0.08 vs 1.02±0.11)were lower in the good prostate cancer prognosis group and poor prostate cancer prognosis group,and the differences were significant(t=14.021,22.275;9.825,18.063,all P＜0.05).The prognosis of prostate cancer patients was related to TNM staging,bone metastasis,tissue differentiation degree,preoperative PSA level,and Gleason score(x2=4.417～7.187,t=14.235,all P＜0.05).Serum miR-138-5p[HR(95％CI):0.871(0.785～0.966)],and miR-212-5p[HR(95％CI):0.822(0.725～0.932)]were protective factors for poor prognosis(all P＜0.05).While Gleason score[HR(95％CI):1.253(1.026～1.530)],TNM stage[HR(95％CI):1.224(1.024～1.463)],bone metastasis[HR(95％CI):1.398(1.036～1.887)],tissue differentiation degree[HR(95％CI):1.520(1.146～2.016)]and PSA level[HR(95％CI):1.426(1.094～1.858)]were all risk factors for poor prognosis(all P＜0.05).The AUC(95％CI)of serum miR-138-5p and miR-212-5p were 0.883(95％CI:0.801～0.940)and 0.863(95％CI:0.777～0.925),respectively.Serum miR-138-5p and miR-212-5p were negatively correlated with the Gleason score(r=-0.610,-0.420,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum miR-138-5p and miR-212-5p levels are elevated in patients with poor prostate cancer prognosis and may have a certain auxiliary predictive value for prostate cancer patient prognosis.