Objective To elucidate the causal relationships between colorectal cancer (CRC) and prevalent psychiatric disorders through a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach. Methods Utilizing publicly available genome-wide association study data, we explored the connections between CRC and various psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. We applied three statistical analyses: inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger, and median weighting. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the reliability and validity of the results. Results Inverse variance weighting analysis showed no significant links between CRC and depression (P=0.090), anxiety (P=0.099), or schizophrenia (P=0.899). Conversely, a significant inverse relationship was found with bipolar disorder (P=0.010). Conclusion No causal connection exists between CRC and the psychiatric conditions of depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia. However, CRC may have a causal association with a reduced risk of bipolar disorder, further supporting the existence of the gut-brain axis.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that short-term exposure to ambient particulate matter elevates the risk of ischemic stroke in major urban areas of various countries. However, there is a notable gap in research focusing on remote areas inhabited by ethnic minorities and the cumulative effects of air pollutants. Our study conducted in the area aims to explore the potential association between ischemic stroke and air pollutants and contribute to improving health outcomes among the community. METHODS: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Xing'an League People's Hospital in Inner Mongolia. The medical records of 4,288 patients admitted for IS between November 1, 2019, and October 31, 2020, were reviewed. Data on demographics (age and sex), air pollutants (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, NO₂, NO, CO, and O₃), and meteorological factors (daily average temperature, daily average wind speed, and daily average atmosphere pressure) were collected and analyzed. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Poisson distribution analysis to evaluate the adverse effects of atmospheric pollutants on daily hospitalizations, and subgroup analysis to determine whether gender and age could modify the impact on hospitalizations. RESULTS: A substantial correlation was revealed in single-day lags model. The peak delayed effects of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, and NO₂ were observed at lag8 (PM₁₀ (OR = 1.016, 95%CI 1.002, 1.030), PM_2.5 (OR = 1.027, 95%CI 1.007, 1.048), SO₂ (OR = 1.153, 95%CI 1.040, 279) and NO₂ (OR = 1.054, 95%CI 1.005, 1.105)) while males exhibited a consistent trend from lag0 to lag8 (PM₁₀ (OR = 1.035, 95%CI 1.018, 1.053), PM_2.5 (OR = 1.056, 95%CI 1.030, 1.082), SO₂ (OR = 1.220, 95%CI 1.072, 1.389), NO₂ (OR = 1.126, 95%CI 1.061, 1.120), CO (OR = 10.059, 95%CI 1.697, 59.638) and O₃ (OR = 0.972, 95%CI 0.946, 0.999)). When gender and age were considered, a positive impact was also observed after three days cumulative effect in males. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant cumulative effect of exposure to air pollution on IS hospital admissions, especially the males and patients under the age of 65. Our results also suggested that a notable association between CO and NO₂ in two-pollutant models.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Air Pollution/analysis* ; China/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Aged ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data* ; Adult ; Ischemic Stroke/chemically induced* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Aged, 80 and over

Allergen-specific immunotherapy（AIT） remains the only therapeutic approach with the potential to modify the natural course of allergic rhinitis（AR）. Nevertheless, considerable inter-individual variability exists in patients'responses to AIT. To facilitate more reliable assessment of treatment efficacy, the China Rhinopathy Research Cooperation Group（CRRCG） convened young and middle-aged nasal experts in China to formulate the present consensus. The recommended subjective outcome measures for AIT comprise symptom scores, medication scores, combined symptom and medication scores, quality-of-life assessments, evaluation of disease control, and assessment of comorbidities. Objective indicators may supplement these measures. Currently available objective approaches include skin prick testing, nasal provocation testing, and allergen exposure chambers. However, these methods remain constrained by practical limitations and are not yet appropriate for routine implementation in clinical efficacy evaluation. In addition, several biomarkers, including sIgE and the sIgE/tIgE ratio, sIgG4, serum IgE-blocking activity, IgA, cytokines and chemokines, as well as immune cell surface molecules and their functional activity, have been shown to have associations with AIT outcomes. While these biomarkers may complement subjective assessments, they are subject to significant limitations. Consequently, large-scale multicenter trials and real-world evidence are required to strengthen the evidence base. The present consensus underscores the necessity of integrating patients'subjective experiences with objective testing throughout the treatment process, thereby providing a more comprehensive and accurate framework for efficacy evaluation. Looking forward, future investigations should prioritize the incorporation of multi-omics data and artificial intelligence methodologies, which hold promise for overcoming current limitations in assessment strategies and for advancing both the standardization and personalization of AIT.
Humans ; Allergens/immunology* ; China ; Consensus ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Immunoglobulin E ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; East Asian People

The anti-inflammatory phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Illicium dunnianum (I. dunnianum) resulted in the isolation of five pairs of new lignans (1-5), and 7 known analogs (6-12). The separation of enantiomer mixtures 1-5 to 1a/1b-5a/5b was achieved using a chiral column with acetonitrile-water mixtures as eluents. The planar structures of 1-2 were previously undescribed, and the chiral separation and absolute configurations of 3-5 were reported for the first time. Their structures were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis [nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass (HR-ESI-MS), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV)] and quantum chemistry calculations (ECD). The new isolates were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effect on NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells. Compounds 1a, 3a, 3b, and 5a demonstrated partial inhibition of NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays revealed that 1a down-regulated the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), COX-2, and iNOS and the protein expressions of COX-2 and iNOS. This research provides guidance and evidence for the further development and utilization of I. dunnianum.
Lignans/isolation & purification* ; Plant Leaves/chemistry* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification* ; Mice ; Animals ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Illicium/chemistry* ; Cyclooxygenase 2/immunology* ; Interleukin-6/immunology* ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism* ; Cell Line ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/immunology* ; Lipopolysaccharides

Objective To investigate the effects of clesmatine on the myelination and neural oscillation-related firing activities during sleep in the hippocampus of adult APP/PS1 mice.Methods Oral administration of clemastine in drinking water was given to APP/PS1 mice for 3 months to enhance myelination in adulthood.Based on the treatment regimens,the mice were randomly assigned into APP/PS1 group,APP/PS1+clemastine group,and wild-type(WT)group.Local field potentials combined with three-dimensional acceleration of the head and neck were employed to determine the brain states,that is,wakefulness,non-rapid eye movement(NREM)sleep,REM sleep.In vivo multi-electrode arrays were utilized to continuously monitor neuronal firing activities in the dorsal hippocampus across the 3 sleep states.Results ① Oral clemastine administration via drinking water significantly increased MBP+protein expression levels in APP/PS1+Clemastine mice than the APP/PS1 controls(P<0.001).② Clemastine administration did not alter the time proportions of NREM sleep,REM sleep and wakefulness during the daytime phase in APP/PS1 mice(Ps>0.05).③ Clemastine administration obviously reduced the mean firing rate of hippocampal pyramidal cells(P<0.05)while increasing that of hippocampal interneurons(P<0.05)in APP/PS1 mice.④ Clemastine administration increased the occurrence rate of hippocampal sharp wave-ripple(SWR)oscillations during NREM sleep and specifically reduced the firing rate of pyramidal cells during SWR oscillations in APP/PS1 mice(P<0.05).⑤ Clemastine administration had no significant effect on the hippocampal neuronal firing activity during theta oscillation in REM sleep in APP/PS1 mice(Ps>0.05).Conclusion Clemastine administration not only enhances the adult myelination,but also rescues both the SWRs and associated hippocampal neuronal firing during NREM sleep in APP/PS1 mice.

Forensic microbiology,a pivotal discipline within forensic science,focuses on microorganisms as the primary subject of study and applies life science technologies to analyze microbial evidence in criminal and civil investigations.Tissue source inference plays a crucial role in forensic investigations,facilitating case assessment and crime scene reconstruction.The application of microbiome analysis in tissue source inference benefits from the tissue specificity and spatiotemporal stability of human microbial communities.This article provides a systematic review of recent advances in tissue source inference based on microbiome analysis,covering technological development,research trends,and practical applications.Finally,the challenges confronted in practice in forensic microbiology and the future prospects for its development are summarized.

This paper summarizes the exploration process and academic significance of the academic thought of Zhou Zhongying,a master of traditional Chinese medicine,who took the creation of a new system of TCM pathogenesis theory as the core,and interprets its theoretical connotation.As a pioneer in the construction of higher education textbooks for traditional Chinese medicine,Professor Zhou Zhongying created the outline of TCM internal medicine viscera differentiation,persisted in carrying out innovative research on patho-genesis theory,achieved fruitful academic results,and enriched and developed the academic system of TCM theory.In the clinical di-agnosis and treatment of exogenous febrile diseases and acute and difficult internal injuries,he systematically created new pathogenesis theories such as stasis-heat theory and cancer toxicity theory.Based on this,the legislation of medication can improve the clinical effi-cacy,and it is realized that identifying the pathogenesis is the key link in syndrome differentiation and treatment.In his later years,Professor Zhou Zhongying,guided by the holistic view,proposed the"thirteen pathogenesis"and constructed a new system of TCM pathogenesis differentiation,highlighting the guiding value of complex pathogenesis and the causal chain of pathogenesis elements to complex clinical diseases and syndromes,forming a theory with the idea of"examining syndromes and seeking pathogenesis,activating syndrome differentiation"as its soul.This theory breaks through the rigid thinking of syndrome differentiation and treatment based on a single pathogenesis or fixed syndrome type,reconstructs the theoretical framework of TCM with the idea of holistic view,and is a major academic innovation in modern TCM.

Our team created the pathogenesis theory of cancer toxin in traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of inheriting the academic thought of "cancer toxins" of ZHOU Zhongying, a Chinese medical master.The pathogenesis theory of cancer toxin suggests that cancer toxins is the key factor leading to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, the basic pathogenesis of malignant tumor is accumulation of evil and toxins, deficiency of vital qi. This paper proposes that the main pathological factors of carcinoma of prostate are deficiency, dampness, heat, stasis and toxins. The core pathogenesis was spleen and kidney deficiency, dampness-heat stasis toxin accumulation in essence chamber. The disease is located in the essence chamber, closely related to kidney and bladder, and involves liver and spleen. Clinical treatment is based on anti-cancer and detoxification, strengthening vital qi to eliminate pathogenic factor as the basic treatment principles, treatment with anti-cancer detoxification as the core, tonifying the spleen and kidney as the fundamental, clearing heat and removing dampness, removing blood stasis and dispersing is key, accompanied by dispersing liver and regulating qi, the whole syndrome differentiation, to maintain a stable period of time. Strengthening vital qi does not leave evil, eliminating evil does not harm vital qi. Guided by the pathogenesis theory of cancer toxin, this paper expounds the treatment of carcinoma of prostate based on syndrome differentiation and highlights the key role of the pathogenesis theory of cancer toxin in the treatment of this disease, providing reference for the differentiation and treatment of carcinoma of prostate.

Background::A phase II trial on recombinant human tenecteplase tissue-type plasminogen activator (rhTNK-tPA) has previously shown its preliminary efficacy in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. This study was designed as a pivotal postmarketing trial to compare its efficacy and safety with rrecombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator alteplase (rt-PA) in Chinese patients with STEMI.Methods::In this multicenter, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial, patients with acute STEMI were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive an intravenous bolus of 16 mg rhTNK-tPA or an intravenous bolus of 8 mg rt-PA followed by an infusion of 42 mg in 90 min. The primary endpoint was recanalization defined by thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade 2 or 3. The secondary endpoint was clinically justified recanalization. Other endpoints included 30-day major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and safety endpoints.Results::From July 2016 to September 2019, 767 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive rhTNK-tPA ( n = 384) or rt-PA ( n = 383). Among them, 369 patients had coronary angiography data on TIMI flow, and 711 patients had data on clinically justified recanalization. Both used a –15% difference as the non-inferiority efficacy margin. In comparison to rt-PA, both the proportion of patients with TIMI grade 2 or 3 flow (78.3% [148/189] vs. 81.7% [147/180]; differences: –3.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –11.5%, 4.8%) and clinically justified recanalization (85.4% [305/357] vs. 85.9% [304/354]; difference: –0.5%; 95% CI: –5.6%, 4.7%) in the rhTNK-tPA group were non-inferior. The occurrence of 30-day MACCEs (10.2% [39/384] vs. 11.0% [42/383]; hazard ratio: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.50) did not differ significantly between groups. No safety outcomes significantly differed between groups. Conclusion::rhTNK-tPA was non-inferior to rt-PA in the effect of improving recanalization of the infarct-related artery, a validated surrogate of clinical outcomes, among Chinese patients with acute STEMI.Trial registration::www.ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT02835534).

As a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine,Alpinia oxyphylla is widely used as both medicine and edible resources.A.oxyphylla has the effects of warming the kidney,consolidating essence,contracting urine,warming the spleen,stopping diarrhea and absorbing saliva,which mainly treated diseases caused by kidney deficiency and spleen cold.A.oxyphylla is rich in chemical components,mainly including 194 volatile oil,121 terpenoids(including 111 sesquiterpenoids),19 diphenylheptanes,ten flavonoids,ten bases and nucleosides,four steroids,eight glycosides and 13 organic acids.It has a wide range of pharmacological effects such as anti-AD/PD,anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,etc.This article reviews the chemical components and pharmacological effects of A.oxyphylla,in order to provide reference for its further development and rational application.