Abdominal obesity represents the predominant obesity phenotype in China.Compared to peripheral obesity,individuals with abdominal obesity are more prone to metabolic disorders,cardiovascular diseases,and higher mortality rates.Catgut embedding therapy at acupoints has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in preventing and treating abdominal obesity.However,standardized clinical guidelines for its application in abdominal obesity management have not yet been established.This review comprehensively summarizes the clinical applications of catgut embedding therapy for simple abdominal obesity and abdominal obesity with various complications,aiming to provide clinical evidence and theoretical guidance for its use in preventing and treating abdominal obesity.

Objective To explore the safety of Yttrium-90 resin microsphere selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT) on malignant liver tumors. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 64 patients with malignant liver tumors who underwent ⁹⁰Y-SIRT from February 2023 to November 2024 at Weifang People’s Hospital. The clinical characteristics of the patients and the occurrence of adverse reactions after treatment were analyzed to assess the safety of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT. Results Among the 64 patients, there were 52 males (81.25%) and 12 females (18.75%); the average age was (56.29±11.08) years. Seven patients (10.94%) had tumors with maximum diameter of less than 5 cm, 38 patients (59.38%) had tumors with maximum diameter of 5-10 cm, and 19 patients (29.68%) had tumors with maximum diameter of greater than 10 cm. There were 47 cases (73.44%) of solitary lesions and 17 cases (26.56%) of multiple lesions; 53 cases (82.81%) were primary liver cancers and 11 cases (17.19%) were metastatic liver cancers. Of the 64 patients, 63 successfully completed the Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (^99mTc-MAA) perfusion test and received the ⁹⁰Y-SIRT; one patient received ⁹⁰Y-SIRT after the second ^99mTc-MAA perfusion test due to a work error. The most common adverse reactions included grade 1 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in 26 cases (40.62%) and grade 2 in 2 cases (9.37%), grade 1 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation in 27 cases (42.18%) and grade 2 in 7 cases (10.93%); grade 1 nausea in 17 cases (26.56%) and grade 2 in 6 cases (9.37%); grade 1 abdominal pain in 12 cases (18.75%), grade 2 in 5 cases (7.81%), and grade 3 in 1 case (1.56%); grade 1 vomiting in 11 cases (17.18%), grade 2 in 5 cases (7.81%), and grade 3 in 1 case (1.56%). Conclusion The adverse reactions of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT for treating malignant liver tumors are mild, indicating good safety.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of the anti-cancer compound formula Feiyanning in inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） and invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. MethodsCell proliferation and activity were assessed using the cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） assay to evaluate the effect of Feiyanning on the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells. Wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to examine Feiyanning's impact on the metastasis of A549 and H1299 cells. The effects of Feiyanning on EMT and the transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）/Smad signaling pathway proteins in A549 and H1299 cells were detected by Western blot. Exogenous TGF-β₁ was used to induce EMT in A549 and H1299 cells. The effects of Feiyanning on TGF-β₁-induced NSCLC cell metastasis， EMT， and the TGF-β₁/Smad pathway proteins were assessed by wound healing assay， Transwell assay， and Western blot. In vivo， an A549 lung metastasis model was established via tail vein injection in nude mice. A total of 28 SPF male nude mice were randomly divided into four groups： Model （NC） group， Feiyanning low-dose （FYN1） group， Feiyanning high-dose （FYN2） group， and the positive control group （TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor SB431542 group）. The corresponding interventions were performed. After 40 days， the mice were euthanized， and lung metastases were analyzed. The expression of E-cadherin， N-cadherin， p-Smad2， and p-Smad3 in each group was detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. ResultsAfter Feiyanning intervention， compared to the blank group， Feiyanning inhibited the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells in a concentration-dependent manner （P<0.01）. The metastasis ability of Feiyanning-treated cells was significantly decreased compared to the blank group （P<0.01）. The expression of EMT marker proteins N-cadherin and zinc finger transcription factors （Zeb1， Snail， Slug） was significantly reduced in the Feiyanning groups compared to the blank group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression of p-Smad2/3， Smad2/3， TβRI， and TβRⅡ， key proteins in the TGF-β₁/Smad signaling pathway， was also significantly decreased （P<0.01）. In the TGF-β₁-induced EMT model， compared to the TGF-β₁ group， the cell metastasis ability in the Feiyanning groups was reduced （P<0.01）， and the expression levels of N-cadherin， Zeb1， Snail， and Slug were significantly lower （P<0.01）. The expression levels of p-Smad2/3， Smad2/3， TβRI， and TβRⅡ were also significantly reduced （P<0.01）. In vivo results showed that compared to the model group， the number of lung metastases in the FYN1， FYN2， and SB431542 groups was reduced （P<0.01）， and the range of cell infiltration was narrowed. Immunohistochemical results showed that compared to the model group， the expression of E-cadherin in the FYN1， FYN2， and SB431542 groups was increased （P<0.01）， the expression of N-cadherin decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the expression of p-Smad2 and p-Smad3， key proteins of the TGF-β₁/Smad pathway， was reduced （P<0.01）. ConclusionFeiyanning inhibits the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cells and EMT. The mechanism is related to the inhibition of TGF-β₁/Smad signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of the anti-cancer compound formula Feiyanning in inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） and invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. MethodsCell proliferation and activity were assessed using the cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） assay to evaluate the effect of Feiyanning on the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells. Wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to examine Feiyanning's impact on the metastasis of A549 and H1299 cells. The effects of Feiyanning on EMT and the transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）/Smad signaling pathway proteins in A549 and H1299 cells were detected by Western blot. Exogenous TGF-β₁ was used to induce EMT in A549 and H1299 cells. The effects of Feiyanning on TGF-β₁-induced NSCLC cell metastasis， EMT， and the TGF-β₁/Smad pathway proteins were assessed by wound healing assay， Transwell assay， and Western blot. In vivo， an A549 lung metastasis model was established via tail vein injection in nude mice. A total of 28 SPF male nude mice were randomly divided into four groups： Model （NC） group， Feiyanning low-dose （FYN1） group， Feiyanning high-dose （FYN2） group， and the positive control group （TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor SB431542 group）. The corresponding interventions were performed. After 40 days， the mice were euthanized， and lung metastases were analyzed. The expression of E-cadherin， N-cadherin， p-Smad2， and p-Smad3 in each group was detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. ResultsAfter Feiyanning intervention， compared to the blank group， Feiyanning inhibited the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells in a concentration-dependent manner （P<0.01）. The metastasis ability of Feiyanning-treated cells was significantly decreased compared to the blank group （P<0.01）. The expression of EMT marker proteins N-cadherin and zinc finger transcription factors （Zeb1， Snail， Slug） was significantly reduced in the Feiyanning groups compared to the blank group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression of p-Smad2/3， Smad2/3， TβRI， and TβRⅡ， key proteins in the TGF-β₁/Smad signaling pathway， was also significantly decreased （P<0.01）. In the TGF-β₁-induced EMT model， compared to the TGF-β₁ group， the cell metastasis ability in the Feiyanning groups was reduced （P<0.01）， and the expression levels of N-cadherin， Zeb1， Snail， and Slug were significantly lower （P<0.01）. The expression levels of p-Smad2/3， Smad2/3， TβRI， and TβRⅡ were also significantly reduced （P<0.01）. In vivo results showed that compared to the model group， the number of lung metastases in the FYN1， FYN2， and SB431542 groups was reduced （P<0.01）， and the range of cell infiltration was narrowed. Immunohistochemical results showed that compared to the model group， the expression of E-cadherin in the FYN1， FYN2， and SB431542 groups was increased （P<0.01）， the expression of N-cadherin decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the expression of p-Smad2 and p-Smad3， key proteins of the TGF-β₁/Smad pathway， was reduced （P<0.01）. ConclusionFeiyanning inhibits the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cells and EMT. The mechanism is related to the inhibition of TGF-β₁/Smad signaling pathway.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) represents a paradigmatic approach to personalized medicine, developed through the systematic accumulation and refinement of clinical empirical data over more than 2000 years, and now encompasses large-scale electronic medical records (EMR) and experimental molecular data. Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated its utility in medicine through the development of various expert systems (e.g., MYCIN) since the 1970s. With the emergence of deep learning and large language models (LLMs), AI's potential in medicine shows considerable promise. Consequently, the integration of AI and TCM from both clinical and scientific perspectives presents a fundamental and promising research direction. This survey provides an insightful overview of TCM AI research, summarizing related research tasks from three perspectives: systems-level biological mechanism elucidation, real-world clinical evidence inference, and personalized clinical decision support. The review highlights representative AI methodologies alongside their applications in both TCM scientific inquiry and clinical practice. To critically assess the current state of the field, this work identifies major challenges and opportunities that constrain the development of robust research capabilities-particularly in the mechanistic understanding of TCM syndromes and herbal formulations, novel drug discovery, and the delivery of high-quality, patient-centered clinical care. The findings underscore that future advancements in AI-driven TCM research will rely on the development of high-quality, large-scale data repositories; the construction of comprehensive and domain-specific knowledge graphs (KGs); deeper insights into the biological mechanisms underpinning clinical efficacy; rigorous causal inference frameworks; and intelligent, personalized decision support systems.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Precision Medicine ; Decision Support Systems, Clinical

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly, and BuChE has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we reported the development of compound 8e, a selective reversible BuChE inhibitor (eqBuChE IC₅₀ = 0.049 μmol/L, huBuChE IC₅₀ = 0.066 μmol/L), identified through extensive virtual screening and lead optimization. Compound 8e demonstrated favorable blood-brain barrier permeability, good drug-likeness property and pronounced neuroprotective efficacy. Additionally, 8e exhibited significant therapeutic effects in zebrafish AD models and scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Further, 8e significantly improved cognitive function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Proteomics analysis demonstrated that 8e markedly elevated the expression levels of very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), offering valuable insights into its potential modulation of the Reelin-mediated signaling pathway. Thus, compound 8e emerges as a novel and potent BuChE inhibitor for the treatment of AD, with significant implications for further exploration into its mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications.

Objective To investigate the application value of systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI)in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)and co-infection.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 579 ACLF patients with co-infection who were diagnosed and treated in The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2014 to March 2016,including demographic features,laboratory markers,and complications,and SIRI,Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD)score,MELD combined with serum sodium concentration(MELD-Na)score,and Child-Pugh score were calculated.According to the results of follow-up on day 90,the patients were divided into survival group with 210 patients and death group with 369 patients.The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups;the Mann-Whitney U rank sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups;the chi-square test were used for comparison of categorical data between two groups.The binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors for 90-day death.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)were used to assess the performance of SIRI,MELD-Na score,and Child-Pugh score in predicting the prognosis of ACLF patients with co-infection.The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed based on the optimal cut-off value of SIRI.Results Among the 597 ACLF patients with co-infection,384(66.32%)had HBV-related ACLF and 114(19.69%)had alcohol-related ACLF;as for the main infection sites,316(54.58%)had abdominal infection and 133(22.97%)had pulmonary infection;the 90-day mortality rate was 63.73%.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SIRI(odds ratio[OR]=1.177,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.117-1.239,P<0.05),blood ammonia(OR=1.009,95%CI:1.001-1.018,P<0.05),MELD-Na score(OR=1.047,95%CI:1.016-1.080,P<0.05),Child-Pugh score(OR=1.351,95%CI:1.054-1.730,P<0.05),age(OR=1.045,95%CI:1.021-1.070,P<0.05),comorbidity with hepatic encephalopathy(OR=2.269,95%CI:1.305-3.946,P<0.05),and comorbidity with acute kidney injury(OR=1.730,95%CI:0.990-3.023,P<0.05)were independent risk factors for 90-day death in ACLF patients with co-infection.The Pearson correlation analysis showed that SIRI was positively correlated with MELD-Na score(r=0.282,P<0.001)and Child-Pugh score(r=0.168,P<0.001).SIRI,MELD-Na score,and Child-Pugh score had an AUC of 0.855,0.734,and 0.690,respectively,in predicting 90-day death,and SIRI had a higher predictive efficiency than MELD-Na score and Child-Pugh score(Z=4.922 and 6.289,both P<0.001),with a sensitivity of 76.7%and a specificity of 82.9%.In addition,SIRI combined with MELD-Na score or Child-Pugh score improved the predictive efficiency of MELD-Na score(0.854 vs 0.734,Z=6.899,P<0.001)and Child-Pugh score(0.858 vs 0.690,Z=8.725,P<0.001).The patients with high SIRI(≥4.08)had a 90-day survival rate of 11.29%(36/319),which was significantly lower than that in the patients with low SIRI(<4.08)(χ2=225.24,P<0.001).Conclusion SIRI is an independent risk factor for death in ACLF patients with co-infection and has a good clinical value in predicting prognosis,with the advantages of convenience and low costs.

Purpose To explore the feasibility and clinical value of deep learning-based image reconstruction technology in 5.0T MRI for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Materials and Methods A prospective study was conducted on 50 newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients from August to December 2024 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.5.0T MRI was performed to scan the nasopharynx region.Routine scanning protocols included transverse T2WI,transverse T1WI,transverse contrast-enhanced T1WI and coronal fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced T1WI sequences.Based on these standard scanning protocols,DeepRecon deep learning reconstruction technology with different levels(grade 1-5)was applied,generating a total of 24 sets of images.Qualitative evaluation employed a Likert scale(5-point system)for subjective scoring on lesion detection,lesion edge clarity,artifacts and overall image quality.Quantitative evaluation was performed using the signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio to objectively assess the quality of the 24 image sets.Differences in qualitative and quantitative indicators between different groups were compared,while the Kappa coefficient was used to analyze the consistency of subjective evaluations by two radiologists.Results In the qualitative assessment of 24 image sets from four MRI sequences(with and without DeepRecon reconstruction),DeepRecon images(grade 2-4)significantly outperformed traditional images in all features except for artifact reduction(Z=-12.11--6.23,all P<0.001).Images reconstructed at DeepRecon grade 3 had the highest overall score and the best image quality.Furthermore,compared with traditional images,DeepRecon images(grade 2-5)demonstrated significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio for both lesions and the lateral pterygoid muscle(t=-15.67--3.44,Z=-6.09--4.63,all P<0.01).In addition,in the transverse T2WI,transverse contrast-enhanced T1WI and coronal fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced T1WI images with DeepRecon reconstruction(grade 2-5),the contrast-to-noise ratio(lesion/lateral pterygoid muscle)also showed significant improvement compared to traditional images(t=-12.71--3.19,Z=-6.08--4.47,all P<0.001).The inter-observer agreement for the overall subjective quality score between the two radiologists was good(Kappa=0.75-0.82,all P<0.01).Conclusion DeepRecon deep learning reconstruction technology significantly increases the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of traditional magnetic resonance images of nasopharyngeal cancer,improving image clarity and bringing more possibilities for the advancement of imaging diagnosis.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Kangliu Zengxiao Jiandu Prescription(KLJD)in enhancing the efficacy of cisplatin chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)through network pharmacology and in vivo/in vitro experiments.Methods Components of KLJD were screened via the TCMSP database to identify active components and potential targets.Lung cancer-related genes were obtained from the GeneCards and OMIM databases.GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed on drug-disease intersection targets using the Metascape database;molecular docking was performed between core target proteins and main active components.A Lewis lung cancer mouse model was established,and intervened with KLJD and cisplatin.Organ indexes and tumor inhibition rate were counted,and Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expressions of key pathway target proteins and mRNA;A549 and H1299 cells were intervened with KLJD,and Western blot was used to detect key target protein expressions.Results Network pharmacology identified 74 active components and 20 key targets of KLJD,primarily involved in biological processes such as cell proliferation and inflammatory response,and pathways in cancer and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway;molecular docking revealed stable binding between EGFR and major compounds.Animal experiments demonstrated that,compared with the model group,the KLJD group showed significantly higher tumor inhibition rate(P<0.01)and downregulation of EGFR,AKT and PI3K protein and mRNA expression in tumor tissues(P<0.05).Compared with the cisplatin group,the combination group exhibited significantly enhanced tumor inhibition rate(P<0.01),elevated thymic and splenic indices(P<0.01),and decreased EGFR,PI3K and AKT protein and mRNA expressions(P<0.01).Cell experiments showed that KLJD concentration-dependently inhibited A549 and H1299 cell proliferation(IC50:14.72 mg/mL and 14.68 mg/mL,respectively).Combined with cisplatin,KLJD synergistically down-regulated EGFR PI3K and AKT protein expressions(P<0.01).Conclusion KLJD effectively enhances cisplatin's chemotherapeutic efficacy in NSCLC by inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway while improving immune organ function.Its mechanism likely involves multi-target regulation,including suppression of tumor proliferation,promotion of apoptosis,and modulation of the immune microenvironment.

Objective:To investigate the impact of the size of the liver tumor diameter on the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-inducing acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-HCC/ACLF).Method:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Clinical data of patients with hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) diagnosed according to the Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASLT) guidelines who were admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital between January 2016 and January 2021 were collected. The patients were enrolled in the HBV-HCC/ACLF group (116 cases) and the HBV-ACLF group (348 cases). General information, medical history, biochemical parameters, complications, and liver cancer status were collected. Clinical data and prognoses at 28 days and 12 months of follow-up were compared between the two groups. Factors influencing mortality in the HBV-HCC/ACLF group were analyzed to determine the prognostic significance of tumor diameter. The t test, χ 2 test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze factors influencing mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of tumor diameter for 28-day prognosis, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for survival analysis. Result:There were statistically significant differences in the 28-day mortality rate [(55.17%, 64/116) vs. (38.51%, 134/348)] and 12-month mortality rate [(78.45%, 91/116) vs. (55.75%, 194/348)] between the HBV-HCC/ACLF group and the HBV-ACLF group ( P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve analysis for HBV-HCC/ACLF patients indicated that the tumor diameter was 0.707 (95% CI: 0.615-0.788). The survival group (52 cases) and the mortality group (64 cases) were divided into the HBV-HCC/ACLF group based on 28-day mortality. Univariate analysis showed that the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, alpha-fetoprotein, white blood cell count, international normalized ratio, model for end-stage liver disease score, acute kidney injury (AKI), the occurrence of infections and complications, and others were all significantly higher in the mortality group compared to the survival group ( P<0.05).The mortality group had a larger tumor diameter than the survival group ( P<0.01). The incidence of portal vein tumor thrombosis and distant liver cancer metastasis was also higher in the survival group ( P<0.01). The mortality group had a higher rate of HCC-related minimally invasive treatment within three months before ACLF diagnosis than the survival group ( P<0.01). AST levels, infection, size of tumor diameter, and minimally invasive treatment within three months before onset were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality in the HBV-HCC/ACLF group. The optimal significant value for tumor diameter affecting prognosis was 3.3 cm, with a sensitivity of 67.19% and a specificity of 73.08%. Patients with liver tumor diameters >3.3 cm had significantly lower 28-day survival rates than those with a tumor diameter ≤3.3 cm [(24.56%, 14/57) vs. (64.41%, 38/59)]. Eighty case analyses had the same findings in patients who had not previously received any therapy. Conclusion:Patients with HBV-HCC/ACLF had a high 28-day mortality rate, and the size of the tumor diameter is important in determining the 28-day prognosis.