OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively investigate the effects of Ringer's solution with different concentrations of alcohol (1%～80%) on biphasic compound action potentials (AP) from frog sciatic nerve trunk, and their recoveries from alcohol effects. METHODS: Individual segments of frog sciatic nerve trunk with a length of 6 to 8 cm were prepared. Ringer's solution with different concentrations of alcohol (0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 16%, 32%, 48%, 64% and 80%) was applied onto the segment of the trunk between the stimulus and ground electrodes via an agent reservoir which was newly armed in a nerve trunk shielded chamber for 5 minutes. The nerve trunk was respectively electro-stimulated to generate the biphasic compound AP which was recorded using the experimental system of BL-420F. This was followed by 5 times washout plus 5 min administration with Ringer's solution before recovery recording of AP. RESULTS: Compared to normal Ringer's solution, Ringer's solution with alcohol at ≤4% did not have dramatic impacts on the AP amplitude and conduction velocity, while Ringer's solution with alcohol at ≥8% there was significant decrease in these two parameters. Ringer's solution with alcohol at the conentrations of 16%, 32% and ≥48% could prevent a small proportion (30%), a large proportion (90%) and all (100%) of sciatic nerve trunks, respectively, from generating AP. Washout with normal Ringer's solution after alcohol application at the concentration of ≤32%, AP could totally recover to normal status. While alcohol at the concentration of 48%, 64% and 80%, the probabilities to regenerate APs were 90%, 40% and 0%, and the AP amplitudes were decreased to 60%, 36% and 0%, respectively. After washout, AP conduction velocity showed no difference with alcohol at the concentration of ≤8% when compared with that before washout, while it could not be recovered to normal under alcohol at ≥16%. CONCLUSION Ringer's solution with different concentrations of alcohol exerts different effects on biphasic compound AP amplitude and conduction velocity. Hopefully, our findings could be helpful for the alcoholic usage and its recovery from alcoholic damage.
Action Potentials ; Animals ; Anura ; Ethanol ; pharmacology ; Ringer's Solution ; pharmacology ; Sciatic Nerve ; drug effects

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 gene polymorphism and aplastic anemia （AA）of 65 cases in Northern China. METHODS: The high resolution genotyping of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 alleles in 65 AA patients and 772 healthy controls was performed with polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO), the relationship between HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 gene polymorphism and aplastic anemia was analyzed by Pearson Chi-square，Continuity Correction， Two-sided Fisher's Exact Test and Odds Ratio. RESULTS: The HLA-B*1302（10% vs 4.21%）, B*3501（7.69% vs 3.89%）, DRB1* 0701（10% vs 4.73%）, DRB1*0901（19.23% vs 7.58%）, DQB1*0202（9.23% vs 3.76%） gene frequency in AA patients was higher than those in health controls, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), the χ were 9.049, 4.336, 6.838, 20.974 and 8.968, OR ratio was 2.528, 2.061, 2.239, 2.904 and 2.605. However, the HLA-A*3303（1.54% vs 6.93%）, DQB1*0302（1.54% vs 6.02%） gene frequency in AA patients was lower than those in healthy controls, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), the χ was 5.726 and 4.505, the OR ratio were 0.210 and 0.244. CONCLUSION The polymorphism of HLA-A, -B, -DRB1, -DQB1 alleles is associate with AA in these patient cases, the HLA-B*1302, HLA-B*3501, HLA-DRB1*0701, HLA-DRB1*0901 and HLA-DQB1*0202 may be sensitive genes to AA, while the HLA-A*3303 and HLA-DQB1*0302 may be protective genes on AA.
Alleles ; Anemia, Aplastic ; genetics ; China ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; HLA Antigens ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic

To observe the effect of total triterpenoids of Chaenomeles speciosa on PPARγ/SIRT1/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway and intestinal mucosal barrier of ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice, C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, total triterpenoids of C. speciosa (50, 100 mg·kg⁻¹) groups and sulfasalazine (250 mg·kg⁻¹) group. The ulcerative colitis (UC) model was induced by orally administering 2.5% DSS to the experimental mice, and the corresponding drugs were given to each group 3 days before the administration with 2.5% DSS. The normal group and the model group were given the equal volume of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium solution by gavage continuously for 10 days, q.d. The general conditions of the mice were observed on a daily basis, and the disease activity index (DAI) score was recorded. On the 10th day after the treatment, mice were put to death, the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in the blood were detected, colon length was measured, colon mucosa damage index (CMDI) score was calculated, and MPO activity detection and histomorphology analysis were conducted. Real-time PCR was applied to detect the mRNA expressions of E-cadherin, occluding,MUC2 and TFF3; the protein expressions of SIRT1, IKKβ, p-IKKβ, IκBα, p-IκBα and cytosol and nucleus PPARγ, NF-κBp65 in intestinal tissue were detected by western blot. The results indicated that total triterpenoids of C. speciosa (50, 100 mg·kg⁻¹) could significantly improve the general conditions of UC mice, reduce the DAI, CMDI and histopathological scores, increase the colon length, reduce the colonic mucosa ulcers, erosion and inflammatory infiltration, restore the normal intestinal mucosal barrier function, reduce the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, increase the contents of IL-4 and IL-10 in the blood, inhibit MPO activity in colon tissue, up-regulate the mRNA expressions of E-cadherin, occludin, MUC2 and TFF3 in colon tissue, down-regulate the protein expressions of cytosol PPARγ, tissue p-IKKβ, p-IκBα and nucleus NF-κBp65 in the colon tissue, decrease the p-IKKβ/IKKβ and p-IκBα/IκBα ratios, up-regulate the protein expressions of nucleus PPARγ, tissue SIRT1 and cytosol NF-κBp65 (<0.05 or <0.01, respectively), with a dose-effect relationship between the total triterpenoids of C. speciosa treated groups. These findings suggested that total triterpenoids of C. speciosa had a significantly therapeutic effect on UC mice induced by DSS, its mechanism might be related to the regulation of PPARγ/SIRT1/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway, the inhibition of pro-inflammatory factor formation and the up-regulation of protein expression of protective factors.
Animals ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Colon ; drug effects ; Dextran Sulfate ; Disease Models, Animal ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; PPAR gamma ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rosaceae ; chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Sirtuin 1 ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDA survey of early stage follicular lymphoma(FL) revealed that the rigorously staged FL patients at first diagnosis had a better outcome as compared with non-rigorous staged FL patients, but there were no similar reports in China.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between the rigorous staging at first diagnosis and the prognosis of FL patients at different stages.

METHODSThe clinical data of 111 patients with newly diagnosed FL from 2008 to 2014 year were collected and analyzed. The rigorous staging included: (1) bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, (2) imaging examination of whole body including CT and ultrasounic scan, or PET/CT, either or both is defined as rigorous staging, or else as non-rigorous staging.

RESULTSThe FL patients at I-II stages by rigorous staging showed a superior progression-free survival(PFS) compared with non-rigorous staging patients(P=0.048). For all the patients, the age, serum LDH, bone marrow lesion and more than 3 foci of diameter larger than 3 cm correlated with prognosis in univariate analysis, and multivariate analysis revealed that the age, serum LDH and bone marrow imolvement were the independent prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONRigorous staging leads to better outcomes, suggesting that accurate and appropriate testing is important for the patients at the first treatment. The close correlation of bone marrow with prognosis indicates that the evaluation of bone marrow is very important for the daily clinical practice.

Purpose To investigate the role of CHMP4A and TSPYL-2 in early pathogenesis of esophageal cancer.Methods Through comparison of the four subtractive libraries,early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma genes CHMP4A and TSPYL-2 were chosen for further study.Through RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry methods,CHMP4A and TSPYL-2's expression was detected in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue,cancerous tissue and normal esophageal mucosa.Results CHMP4A and TSPYL-2 expression between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and normal esophageal epithelium tissue had significant differences (P ＜ 0.05),and the CHMP4A gene expression in esophageal mucosa,field cancerization areas,esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue increased,while TSPYL-2 gene expression in esophageal mucosa,field cancerization areas,esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue decreased,which were consistent with the protein expression of CHMP4A and TSPYL-2.Conclusion CHMP4A and TSPYL-2 genes are differentially expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,which can be used as alternative genetic markers for further research.

Along with the increase of clinical application, the safety of traditional Chinese medicine gained more and more attentions. In particular, the safety evaluation of Chinese medical injections has become a mandatory task should be completed by pharmaceutical companies under the supervision of China Food and Drug Administration(CFDA). Due to the weak foundation of previous studies, the safety issues of Chinese medical injections have not been fully understood, and lack of scientific and rational risk management programs. Clinical safety centralized monitoring(CSCM) is an important method for post-market safety evaluation of Chinese medicine. Due to the lack of appropriate norms and procedures, the quality of similar research is uneven, and the results vary. Combined with practical experience with experts' suggestions, we developed this expert consensus on the design and implementation of CSCM from three stages (design, implementation and report) with 20 technical points, which will provide technical support for future CSCM studies.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and clinical safety of posaconazoleon primary antifungal prophylaxis against invasive fungal disease (IFD) in patients with stem cell transplantation.

METHODSAt the start from preconditioning regimen, 45 patients without IFD were administered with posaconazoleon until neutrophils greater than 0.5×10/L, 35 patients treated with micafungin were enrolled in control group. The incidence, risk factors of IFD and side effects of medicines were evaluated.

RESULTSOf the total 80 patients, 13(16%) had IFD within 100 days after allo-HSCT. The overall survival was significantly different between patients with or without IFD by Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis (P<0.05). Out of the 45 cases in posaconazoleon group, IFD occurred in 4 cases (9%). In contrast, the incidence of IFD in control group was 26%(9 out of 35) (P<0.05). The risk factors of IFD and side effects were not significantly different between 2 groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe primary prevention efficancy of IFD by posaconazoleon after allo-HSCT is much better than that of micafungin with well tolerability and satisfactory efficacy.

Fifteen batches of Glycyrrhizeae Radix standard decoction were prepared for determination of the content of the glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin, then the transfer rate and the extract rate were calculated and a method was established to analyze the fingerprint by HPLC. According to the measurement of 15 batches of samples,the transfer rate of the glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin were 59.4%-87.4% and 49.8%-78.9% with extract rate of 29.9%-38.9%. Moreover,10 common chromatographic peaks were determined based on their fingerprint by using similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)(2012A) .The similarity results of 15 batches of samples were analyzed and compared,and the results showed that the similarity was all higher than 0.9. Fifteen batches of samples,prepared by a standard method,have stable quality and the high similarity.The method displayed good precision,stability and repeatability in fingerprint analysis. Therefore,this study can provide a reference for the quality control of Glycyrrhizae Radix dispensing granules.

Clonorchis sinensis infection is carcinogenic to human,which results in cholangiocarcinoma,confirmed by the World Health Organization. An investigation in 2005 indicated that the standardized C. sinensis infection rate was 0.58%,with 12490000 infected people estimated in the clonorchiasis endemic areas in China. In the world,80%of C. sinensis infected peo-ple were distributed in China. Diagnostic Criteria for Clonorchiasis(WS309-2009)was compiled by the ex-Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and it was issued and implemented in March 13,2009. The Diagnostic Criteria for Clonorchiasis is composed of six chapters,including the Range of Application,Terms and Definitions,Diagnostic Basis,Diagnostic Princi-ple,Diagnostic Standard,and Differential Diagnosis. Three informative appendices(etiology,epidemiology,clinical manifesta-tion;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;differential diagnosis)and one normative appendix(laboratory examination)are ap-pended. The Criteria provides the technical reference for diagnosis of clonorchiasis in medical institutions and disease control in-stitutions. Combined with the current epidemic situation of clonorchiasis in China,this paper interprets the main contents of the Diagnostic Criteria for Clonorchiasis(WS309-2009),so as to promote its learning and implementing.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of inhibition of calpain on retinal ganglion cell-5 (RGC-5) necroptosis following oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). RGC-5 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's-modified essential medium and necroptosis was induced by 8-h OGD. PI staining and flow cytometry were performed to detect RGC-5 necrosis. The calpain expression was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The calpain activity was tested by activity detection kit. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of calpain on RGC-5 necroptosis following OGD with or without N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal (ALLN) pre-treatment. Western blot was used to detect the protein level of truncated apoptosis inducing factor (tAIF) in RGC-5 cells following OGD. The results showed that there was an up-regulation of the calpain expression and activity following OGD. Upon adding ALLN, the calpain activity was inhibited and tAIF was reduced following OGD along with the decreased number of RGC-5 necroptosis. In conclusion, calpain was involved in OGD-induced RGC-5 necroptosis with the increased expression of its downstream molecule tAIF.
Animals ; Apoptosis Inducing Factor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Calpain ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leupeptins ; administration & dosage ; Mice ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute ; genetics ; pathology