Brain’s neural activities encompass both periodic rhythmic oscillations and aperiodic neural fluctuations. Rhythmic oscillations manifest as spectral peaks of neural signals, directly reflecting the synchronized activities of neural populations and closely tied to cognitive and behavioral states. In contrast, aperiodic fluctuations exhibit a power-law decaying spectral trend, revealing the multiscale dynamics of brain neural activity. In recent years, researchers have made notable progress in studying brain aperiodic dynamics. These studies demonstrate that aperiodic activity holds significant physiological relevance, correlating with various physiological states such as external stimuli, drug induction, sleep states, and aging. Aperiodic activity serves as a reflection of the brain’s sensory capacity, consciousness level, and cognitive ability. In clinical research, the aperiodic exponent has emerged as a significant potential biomarker, capable of reflecting the progression and trends of brain diseases while being intricately intertwined with the excitation-inhibition balance of neural system. The physiological mechanisms underlying aperiodic dynamics span multiple neural scales, with activities at the levels of individual neurons, neuronal ensembles, and neural networks collectively influencing the frequency, oscillatory patterns, and spatiotemporal characteristics of aperiodic signals. Aperiodic dynamics currently boasts broad application prospects. It not only provides a novel perspective for investigating brain neural dynamics but also holds immense potential as a neural marker in neuromodulation or brain-computer interface technologies. This paper summarizes methods for extracting characteristic parameters of aperiodic activity, analyzes its physiological relevance and potential as a biomarker in brain diseases, summarizes its physiological mechanisms, and based on these findings, elaborates on the research prospects of aperiodic dynamics.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of circ-0058063 regulating ERK/MAPK signaling pathway on ferroptosis in esophageal cancer cells.Methods EC9706 cells were randomly divided into the Control group,the si-NC group,the si-circ-0058063 group,and the si-circ-0058063+ISO group.qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of circ-0058063 in esophageal cancer tissues and cells;CCK-8 and clone formation assay were used to detect the cell proliferation ability.The levels of Fe2+,malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),and reactive oxygen species(ROS)in cells were detected.Western blot was used to detect the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway and the expression of ferroptosis-related protein in cells.Results The expression level of circ-0058063 in esophageal cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues(P<0.05);the expression level of circ-0058063 in human esophageal cancer cell EC9706 was significantly higher than that in human normal esophageal epithelial cell HEEC(P<0.05).Compared with the Control group,the expression level of circ-0058063 in cells,cell survival rate,number of cloned cells,GSH level,ratios of p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 and p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK,as well as the expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein in the si-circ-0058063 group were significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the levels of Fe2+,MDA,and ROS in cells were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the si-circ-0058063 group,the expression level of circ-0058063 in cells,cell survival rate,number of cloned cells,GSH level,ratios of p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 and p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK,as well as the expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein in the si-circ-0058063+ISO group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the levels of Fe2+,MDA,and ROS in cells were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Knockdown of circ-0058063 can inhibit the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells and induce ferroptosis,and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of ERK/MAPK signaling pathway activation.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of mild hypothermia arch-clamping technique in the surgical treatment of DeBakey Type Ⅰ aortic dissection.Methods:From December 2019 to November 2023, a total of 97 patients with DeBakey type Ⅰ aortic dissection who underwent arch-clamping technique in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were prospectively enrolled. The patients were divided into mild hypothermia group and moderate hypothermia group according to the lowest rectal temperature during the circulatory arrest period. The perioperative data of the two groups were compared, and complex adverse outcomes consisting of 30-day death, stroke, paraplegia and CRRT were used as the primary endpoint. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of clinical adverse outcomes. Survival analysis was evaluated by the Kaplan- Meier method. Results:The overall incidence of complex adverse outcomes was 20.6%, 13.6% in the mild hypothermia group and 22.7% in the moderate hypothermia group( P=0.535), and the incidence of stroke was 4.6% and 6.7%( P=1.000), respectively. The cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic-clamping time in the mild hypothermia group were significantly shortened (147.5 min vs. 163.0 min, P=0.032; 89 min vs. 99 min, P=0.042). There was no significant difference in long-term survival and reintervention between the two groups(91.9% vs. 89.3%, P=0.87; 9.1% vs. 5.3%, P=0.13). Conclusion:Mild hypothermia arch-clamping technique is a safe and effective method for the treatment of DeBakey type Ⅰ aortic dissection, with satisfactory short-term and long-term efficacy.

This study investigated the infection status,drug resistance,and molecular characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli(STEC)in domestic goats in Chengkou county,Chongqing.In August 2023,283 fecal samples were collected from households in Chengkou county.After enrichment with EC broth and inoculation onto selective media,samples that tested positive for stx1/stx2 were selected for further isolation.The positive strains were investigated with antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing.According to the whole genomic sequences,the stx subtypes,serotypes,multi-locus sequence types,virulence genes,drug resistance genes,and phylogenetic relationships of the STEC strains were analyzed.Forty-six strains of STEC were isolated from 283 goat fecal samples,thus resulting in a detection rate of 16.25%.The 46 STEC strains were categorized into 12 O∶H serotypes,among which O76∶H19 and O8∶H7 predominated,each represented by 9 strains.Five STEC strains were identified as serotype O157∶H7.The 46 STEC strains were categorized into 11 sequence types(STs),among which ST675 and ST196 predominated,each represented by nine strains,accounting for a 19.57%proportion.The strains were categorized into 7 stx subtypes,among which stx1c(26/46,56.52%),followed by stx2k(9/46,19.57%)predominated.All nine Stx2k-STEC strains were identified as serotype O8∶H7 and sequence type ST196.In antimicrobial susceptibility testing,2 STEC strains were resistant to ampicillin,one strain was resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam,one strain was resistant to cefazolin,and one strain was resistant to cefoxitin.Nine Stx2k-STEC strains were found to carry the beta-lactam resistance gene blaEC-18.Antimicrobial sensitivity tests revealed that the nine Stx2k-STEC strains were sensitive to all 15 tested antibiotics.Moreover,phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 9 Stx2k-STEC strains were remarkably similar but showed high genetic diversity with respect to that of the Stx2k-STEC strains isolated from other regions in China.Goatsare an important animal reservoir for STEC in theChengkou district of Chongqing,and novel sequence type Stx2k-STEC strains distinct from those found in other regions of China were identified in this region.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of permanent hypoparathyroidism(pHPP)after total thyroidectomy in patients with thyroid cancer and establish a nomogram prediction model.Methods A total of 245 patients with thyroid cancer who received total thyroidectomy in our hospital were enrolled between January 2020 and January 2024.According to presence or absence of postoperative pHPP,patients were divided into the pHPP group and the non-pHPP group.The influencing factors of postoperative pHPP in patients with thyroid cancer were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.The nomogram prediction model for postoperative pHPP in patients with thyroid cancer was constructed and varified,and efficiency of the model was evaluated.Results In 245 patients with thyroid cancer,the incidence of pHPP within 6 months after surgery was 10.20%(25/245).Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in tumor size,surgical method,central lymph node dissection,use of nano carbon tracer,envelope invasion,parathyroid excision by mistake,Hashimoto thyroiditis,serum calcium and parathyroid hormone at 1 d after surgery between the two groups(P＜0.05),but there were no significant differences in gender,age,smoking,drinking,extraglandular invasion,parathyroid autologous transplantation,preoperative vitamin D or serum phosphorus at 1 d after surgery between the two groups(P＞0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that maximum tumor diameter≥4 cm,routine and open total thyroidectomy,central lymph node dissection,no use of nano carbon tracer and parathyroid excision by mistake were all independent risk factors for postoperative pHPP in patients with thyroid cancer(P＜0.05).Results of nomogram prediction model showed that C-index was 0.921,the corrected curve was close to ideal curve,and AUC of nomogram model for predicting postoperative pHPP was 0.926(95%CI:0.871-0.981).Conclusion The nomogram prediction model constructed based on independent risk factors of postoperative pHPP has good predictive efficiency in patients with thyroid cancer.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of permanent hypoparathyroidism(pHPP)after total thyroidectomy in patients with thyroid cancer and establish a nomogram prediction model.Methods A total of 245 patients with thyroid cancer who received total thyroidectomy in our hospital were enrolled between January 2020 and January 2024.According to presence or absence of postoperative pHPP,patients were divided into the pHPP group and the non-pHPP group.The influencing factors of postoperative pHPP in patients with thyroid cancer were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.The nomogram prediction model for postoperative pHPP in patients with thyroid cancer was constructed and varified,and efficiency of the model was evaluated.Results In 245 patients with thyroid cancer,the incidence of pHPP within 6 months after surgery was 10.20%(25/245).Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in tumor size,surgical method,central lymph node dissection,use of nano carbon tracer,envelope invasion,parathyroid excision by mistake,Hashimoto thyroiditis,serum calcium and parathyroid hormone at 1 d after surgery between the two groups(P＜0.05),but there were no significant differences in gender,age,smoking,drinking,extraglandular invasion,parathyroid autologous transplantation,preoperative vitamin D or serum phosphorus at 1 d after surgery between the two groups(P＞0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that maximum tumor diameter≥4 cm,routine and open total thyroidectomy,central lymph node dissection,no use of nano carbon tracer and parathyroid excision by mistake were all independent risk factors for postoperative pHPP in patients with thyroid cancer(P＜0.05).Results of nomogram prediction model showed that C-index was 0.921,the corrected curve was close to ideal curve,and AUC of nomogram model for predicting postoperative pHPP was 0.926(95%CI:0.871-0.981).Conclusion The nomogram prediction model constructed based on independent risk factors of postoperative pHPP has good predictive efficiency in patients with thyroid cancer.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of recombinant human growth hormone injection(rhGH)in the treatment of children with idiopathic short stature(ISS)and its influence on levels of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1),alkaline phosphatase(AKP)and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3(IGFBP-3).Methods Children with ISS were randomized into control group and treatment group.The control group was subcutaneously injected with 0.15 U·kg-1 of rhGH injection,while the treatment group was given subcutaneous injection of 0.20 U·kg-1 of rhGH injection,and both groups were continuously treated for 6 months.The clinical efficacy,growth status[growth velocity,height standard deviation score(HtSDS),predicted adult height(PAH)],bone metabolism indicators { AKP,osteocalcin(OC),25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]} and serum IGF-1 and IGFBP3 levels were compared,and the safety was assessed.Results In the treatment group,46 cases were enrolled,6 cases were lost,and 40 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis.In the control group,46 cases were enrolled,1 case was lost,and 45 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis.The total effective rates in treatment group and control group after 6 months treatment were 85.00％(34 cases/40 cases)and 64.44％(29 cases/45 cases),respectively,with a statistical significance(P＜0.05).After 6 months treatment,the growth rates in treatment group and control group were(7.96±1.62)and(6.84±1.56)cm·year-1;HtSDS values were-2.38±0.24 and-2.61±0.28;PAH values were(156.86±4.18)and(155.02±4.25)cm;serum AKP levels were(278.42±47.46)and(257.14±42.79)U·L-1;OC levels were(76.92±10.17)and(72.43±10.32)μg·L-1;25(OH)D levels were(59.96±4.74)and(55.52±4.69)nmol·L-1;serum IGF-1 levels were(296.77±28.32)and(251.47±24.96)ng·mL-1;serum IGFBP3 levels were(5.76±1.22)and(4.86±0.89)μg·mL-1,respectively.Compared with the control group,the above indexes in the treatment group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The adverse drug reactions in treatment and control group were mainly headache,rash and joint pain,rash and joint pain.The incidence rates of adverse reactions in treatment group and control group were 12.50％(5 cases/40 cases)and 6.67％(3 cases/45 cases),without significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion The clinical efficacy of rhGH injection in the treatment of children with ISS is definite;and the improvement of IGF-1,AKP and IGFBP3 levels by 0.20 U·kg-1 rhGH is significantly better than that by 0.15 U·kg-1 rhGH,which is more conducive to promoting bone development and accelerating growth without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

Objective To explore the risk factors for noncontiguous spinal fractures(NSFs)in the elderly.Methods The clinical data of 614 elderly patients with spinal fracture from January 2013 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.Patients were divided into the NSFs group and the Non-NSFs group according to whether NSFs occurred or not.Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to screen the risk factors of NSFs.Results Univariate analysis showed that female(P=0.003),high-energy violent injury(P=0.032),osteoporosis(P=0.004),fracture in spring(P=0.020),and previous spinal fracture history(P<0.001)were associated with the occurrence of NSFs.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that fracture in spring(P=0.024),previous spinal fracture history(P<0.001)and high-energy violent injury(P=0.038)were the independent risk factors for the occurrence of NSFs in the elderly.Conclusion High-energy violent injury,fracture in spring and previous spinal fracture history are the independent risk factors for the occurrence of NSFs in the elderly.Therefore,elderly patients with the above risk factors should be examined more carefully and comprehensively to avoid missed diagnosis and delayed diagnosis.In order to reduce the incidence of this disease,corresponding measures should be taken according to the preventable risk factors.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for pneumonia complicating infectious mononucleosis(IM)in adults and construct a nomogram prediction model.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 198 IM patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2015 to December 2021.Patients were divided into pneumonia group(n=52)and non-pneumonia group(n=146)based on whether pulmonary infection occurred during hospitalization.The baseline data(age,gender,place of onset,etc.),clinical manifestations(maximum body temperature,lymph node enlargement,splenomegaly,etc.),and inflammatory indicators[white blood cell count(WBC),C-reactive protein(CRP),etc.]were compared between the two groups.Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to analyze the key indicators affecting the hospital stay of IM patients.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for pneumonia complicating IM in adults and construct a nomogram prediction model based on the identified risk factors.The predictive efficacy of the model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the consistency of the model was assessed using the calibration curve.The fit of the model was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.Additionally,the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of the model were assessed using confusion matrix.Results Compared with non-pneumonia group,the pneumonia group had a significantly higher proportion of patients from rural areas,with body mass index(BMI)≥24 kg/m2,smoking history,hepatomegaly,fever duration of≥7 d,as well as increased total hospitalization costs and average daily hospitalization costs,and prolonged hospital stay(P<0.05).The proportion of patients with a history of antibiotic use was lower in the pneumonia group(P<0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients from rural areas,with BMI≥24 kg/m2,smoking history,no prophylactic use of antibiotics,fever duration≥7 d,and hepatomegaly had significantly prolonged hospital stays(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that living in a rural area(OR=4.089,P<0.05),hepatomegaly(OR=4.082,P<0.05),and elevated WBC(OR=1.205,P<0.05)were independent risk factors for pneumonia complicating IM in adults,while the prophylactic use of antibiotics(OR=0.142,P<0.05)was an independent protective factor.The area under the ROC curve of the constructed nomogram prediction model was 0.827(95%CI 0.762-0.892),and the slope of the calibration curve was close to 1,and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed χ2=5.299,P=0.725,indicating good consistency and fit of the prediction model.The results of the confusion matrix assessment showed that the sensitivity of the model was 0.669(0.624-0.773),the specificity was 0.827(0.724-0.930),and the accuracy was 0.732(0.665-0.793).Conclusion The nomogram prediction model based on place of onset,hepatomegaly,the prophylactic use of antibiotics and WBC has excellent fit and discrimination,providing an effective quantitative tool for prognosis assessment of IM.

Objective To investigate the types and mechanisms of microglial cell death induced by interaction between palmitic acid(PA)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods BV-2 microglial cells were divided into three groups for apoptosis research,BSA group,PA treatment group,and staurosporine(STA)group.They were further divided into four groups for necrosis research,BSA group,BSA+inhibitor group,PA group,and PA+inhibitor group.Western blotting was conducted to assess the expression levels of key proteins involved in apoptosis and necrosis pathways.The effect of PA on microglial cells was validated through feeding a high-fat diet to Institute of Cancer Research(ICR)mice.Results Apoptotic microglia were observed in both BSA group and PA group,PA significantly induced the activation of caspase-3,caspase-7,and poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP).However,compared to the BSA group,the level of activated Caspase-7 in the STA group did not change significantly.Inhibition of ferroptosis,necroptosis,or autophagy did not protect against PA-induced cell damage,while the Caspase-11 inhibitor,wedelolactone(WE),significantly improved PA induced cell damage.This study also found that PA could promote LPS entry into microglial cells and induce pyroptosis.This phenomenon and the protective effect of WE were further confirmed in a high-fat diet mouse model through immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting.Conclusion PA induces apoptosis and pyroptosis in microglial cells,while simultaneously promoting LPS entry into microglial cells and inducing pyroptosis.