Fuxiong has a long history of cultivation. Since its first record in the Beneficial Formulas from the Taiping Imperial Pharmacy of the Song Dynasty, Fuxiong had always been used by ancient physicians and became a preponderant variety for some reasons during the periods of the Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, and Republic of China. However, as for modern use, only Chuanxiong Rhizoma is valued, and the medicinal value of Fuxiong is gradually being overlooked. This article systematically researches the nomenclature, producing area, origin, and efficacy of Fuxiong, proving that the planting technology of Fuxiong matured in the Song Dynasty at the latest, slightly later than the emergence of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Over the years, the producing area of Fuxiong has not undergone significant changes, and it is mainly cultivated within Jiangxi province. According to the analysis of the origin of Xiongqiong, combined with modern genetic research, it can be basically clarified that the early source of Xiongqiong may not be single. With the popularization of cultivation, Chuanxiong Rhizoma became a Dao-di herb earliest, gradually replacing Xiongqiong and being recognized clinically. After cultivation, the polyploidy of Chuanxiong Rhizoma varieties formed stable inheritance, forming the later Fuxiong. Medical experts have gradually deepened their understanding of the efficacy of Fuxiong. Initially, they believed that it was a substitute for Chuanxiong Rhizoma and had weaker efficacy than Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Medical experts in Jin and Yuan Dynasties such as Zhu Danxi and Dai Sigong believed that Fuxiong was good at relieving stagnation. Books and records of materia medica in the Ming and Qing Dynasties explicitly proposed the great ability of Fuxiong to relieve stagnation. Fuxiong should be distinguished from Chuanxiong Rhizoma when applied, and the application differences should be clearly reflected in medical records. Based on the comprehensive research in this article, it can be concluded that although most of ancient physicians have attached great importance to genuineness of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Fuxiong, as a dominant variety of traditional application, has a clear historical context and significant efficacy characteristics, worthy of further in-depth study.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/history* ; China ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history* ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; History, Medieval ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; Rhizome/growth & development*

Objectives: To investigated the safety and efficacy of treating patients with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and elevated levels of N-terminal pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with levosimendan within 24 hours of first medical contact (FMC). Methods: This multicenter, open-label, block-randomized controlled trial (NCT03189901) investigated the safety and efficacy of levosimendan as an early management strategy of acute heart failure (EMS-AHF) for patients with NSTEMI and high NT-proBNP levels. This study included 255 patients with NSTEMI and elevated NT-proBNP levels, including 142 males and 113 females with a median age of 65 (58-70) years, and were admitted in the emergency or outpatient departments at 14 medical centers in China between October 2017 and October 2021. The patients were randomly divided into a levosimendan group (n=129) and a control group (n=126). The primary outcome measure was NT-proBNP levels on day 3 of treatment and changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline on day 5 after randomization. The secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in NT-proBNP levels from baseline, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization and at 6 months after hospitalization, safety during the treatment, and health economics indices. The measurement data parameters between groups were compared using the t-test or the non-parametric test. The count data parameters were compared between groups using the χ² test. Results: On day 3, the NT-proBNP levels in the levosimendan group were lower than the control group but were statistically insignificant [866 (455, 1 960) vs. 1 118 (459, 2 417) ng/L, Z=-1.25,P=0.21]. However, on day 5, changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline in the levosimendan group were significantly higher than the control group [67.6% (33.8%,82.5%)vs.54.8% (7.3%,77.9%), Z=-2.14, P=0.03]. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in the NT-proBNP levels on day 5 between the levosimendan and the control groups [77.5% (100/129) vs. 69.0% (87/126), χ²=2.34, P=0.13]. Furthermore, incidences of MACE did not show any significant differences between the two groups during hospitalization [4.7% (6/129) vs. 7.1% (9/126), χ²=0.72, P=0.40] and at 6 months [14.7% (19/129) vs. 12.7% (16/126), χ²=0.22, P=0.64]. Four cardiac deaths were reported in the control group during hospitalization [0 (0/129) vs. 3.2% (4/126), P=0.06]. However, 6-month survival rates were comparable between the two groups (log-rank test, P=0.18). Moreover, adverse events or serious adverse events such as shock, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia were not reported in both the groups during levosimendan treatment (days 0-1). The total cost of hospitalization [34 591.00(15 527.46,59 324.80) vs. 37 144.65(16 066.90,63 919.00)yuan, Z=-0.26, P=0.80] and the total length of hospitalization [9 (8, 12) vs. 10 (7, 13) days, Z=0.72, P=0.72] were lower for patients in the levosimendan group compared to those in the control group, but did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Early administration of levosimendan reduced NT-proBNP levels in NSTEMI patients with elevated NT-proBNP and did not increase the total cost and length of hospitalization, but did not significantly improve MACE during hospitalization or at 6 months.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Simendan/therapeutic use* ; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction ; Heart Failure/drug therapy* ; Peptide Fragments ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Biomarkers ; Prognosis

Based on the similar structure of adrenaline shared by higenamine (HI), salsolinol (SA) and coryneine (CO), a photochemical colorimetric sensor based on the displacement reaction of o-diphenol hydroxyl group and alizarin red S-phenylboric acid system was constructed to quickly distinguish and identify the cardiac strength of Shengfupian. The results show that the optimal condition of the sensor is: the molar ratio of alizarin red S (ARS) to phenylboric acid (PA) is 1∶3, reaction temperature is 0 ℃; The preparation method of the sample solution is optimized as follows: 2.5 g of Shengfupian powder was taken, 10 times the amount of methanol was added, and 300 W, 40 kHz ultrasound was carried out for 15 min; methodological studies showed that the method had good precision, repeatability and stability. The |△G| value (G is green, |△G| = |G after - G before|) of each sample was obtained by response values determination of 14 batches of Shengfupian. LC-MS/MS was used to determine the contents of three cardiac components in Shengfupian. It was found that the order of the total contents of cardiotonic components was basically consistent with |△G|. Then the correlation was analyzed, and the correlation coefficient R² was as high as 0.87, which proved the scientificity and accuracy of this method. This study fills the methodological gap of rapid evaluation of the quality of Shengfupian, and provides the key technical support for the high quality and good price of Shengfupian in the market circulation and clinical application.

To reduce treatment-related side effects in low-risk prostate cancer (PCa), both focal therapy and deferred treatments, including active surveillance (AS) and watchful waiting (WW), are worth considering over radical prostatectomy (RP). Therefore, this study aimed to compare long-term survival outcomes between focal therapy and AS/WW. Data were obtained and analyzed from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients with low-risk PCa who received focal therapy or AS/WW from 2010 to 2016 were included. Focal therapy included cryotherapy and laser ablation. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare overall mortality (OM) and cancer-specific mortality (CSM) between AS/WW and focal therapy, and propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce the influence of bias and unmeasured confounders. A total of 19 292 patients with low-risk PCa were included in this study. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis, the risk of OM was higher in patients receiving focal therapy than those receiving AS/WW (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.79, P = 0.037), whereas no significant difference was found in CSM (HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.23-4.11, P = 0.977). After PSM, the OM and CSM of focal therapy and AS/WW showed no significant differences (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.92-1.74, P = 0.149; and HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.24-6.51, P = 0.782, respectively). For patients with low-risk PCa, focal therapy was no match for AS/WW in decreasing OM, suggesting that AS/WW could bring more overall survival benefits.
Humans ; Male ; Propensity Score ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prostatectomy/methods* ; Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery* ; Watchful Waiting

Objective: We investigated changes in the intestinal flora of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods: Between September 2019 and November 2019, stool samples from 14 children with MPP from The Fourth Hospital of Baotou city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, were collected and divided into general treatment (AF) and probiotic (AFY) groups, according to the treatment of "combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus cereus tablets live". High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing was used to identify intestinal flora. Results: Intestinal flora abundance and diversity in children with MPP were decreased. Both Shannon and Simpson indices were lower in the AF group when compared with healthy controls ( P < 0.05). When compared with healthy controls, the proportion of Enterorhabdus was lower in the AF group, while the proportion of Lachnoclostridium was higher ( P < 0.05). The proportion of Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia was lower in the AFY group but Enterococcus, Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, and Erysipelatoclostridium proportions were higher. The proportion of Escherichia coli- Shigella in the AFY group after treatment was decreased ( P < 0.05). Conclusions The intestinal flora of children with MPP is disturbed, manifested as decreased abundance and diversity, and decreased Bifidobacteria. Our probiotic mixture partly improved intestinal flora disorders.
Child ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Escherichia coli ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Technology

Objective: To explore the heterogeneity and correlation of clinical phenotypes and genotypes in children with disorders of sex development (DSD). Methods: A retrospective study of 1 235 patients with clinically proposed DSD in 36 pediatric medical institutions across the country from January 2017 to May 2021. After capturing 277 DSD-related candidate genes, second-generation sequencing was performed to analyzed the heterogeneity and correlation combined with clinical phenotypes. Results: Among 1 235 children with clinically proposed DSD, 980 were males and 255 were females of social gender at the time of initial diagnosis with the age ranged from 1 day of age to 17.92 years. A total of 443 children with pathogenic variants were detected through molecular genetic studies, with a positive detection rate of 35.9%. The most common clinical phenotypes were micropenis (455 cases), hypospadias (321 cases), and cryptorchidism (172 cases) and common mutations detected were in SRD5A2 gene (80 cases), AR gene (53 cases) and CYP21A2 gene (44 cases). Among them, the SRD5A2 mutation is the most common in children with simple micropenis and simple hypospadias, while the AMH mutation is the most common in children with simple cryptorchidism. Conclusions: The SRD5A2 mutation is the most common genetic variant in Chinese children with DSD, and micropenis, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias are the most common clinical phenotypes. Molecular diagnosis can provide clues about the biological basis of DSD, and can also guide clinicians to perform specific clinical examinations. Target sequence capture probes and next-generation sequencing technology can provide effective and economical genetic diagnosis for children with DSD.
3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase/genetics* ; Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Cryptorchidism/genetics* ; Disorders of Sex Development/genetics* ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Male ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypospadias/genetics* ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Penis/abnormalities* ; Phenotype ; Retrospective Studies ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase/genetics*

This study aimed to assess the role of prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) and negative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in predicting prostate cancer for biopsy-naïve men based on a large cohort of the Chinese population. From a prostate biopsy database between March 2017 and July 2021, we retrospectively identified 240 biopsy-naïve patients with negative prebiopsy mpMRI (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 [PI-RADS v2] score <3). Logistic regression analysis was performed to select the potential predictors for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy. The negative predictive values of mpMRI in excluding any cancer and csPCa were 83.8% (201/240) and 90.8% (218/240), respectively. ROC curve analysis indicated that PSAD was the most promising predictor, with an AUC value of 0.786 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.699-0.874), and multiparametric logistic regression analysis confirmed that higher PSAD remained a significant marker for predicting csPCa (odds ratio [OR]: 10.99, 95% CI: 2.75-44.02, P < 0.001). Combining negative mpMRI and PSAD below 0.20 ng ml^-2 obviously increased the predictive value in excluding PCa (91.0%, 101/111) or csPCa (100.0%, 111/111). If a PSAD below 0.20 ng ml^-2 was set as the criterion to omit biopsy, nearly 46.3% of patients (463 per 1000) with negative mpMRI could safely avoid unnecessary biopsy, with approximately 4.2% of patients (42 per 1000) at risk of missed diagnosis of PCa and no patients with csPCa missed. A PI-RADS v2 score <3 and a PSAD <0.20 ng ml^-2 could be potential criteria for the Chinese population to omit prompt biopsy safely.
Male ; Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Biopsy ; Image-Guided Biopsy/methods*

Accurate methods for identifying pelvic lymph node metastasis (LNM) of prostate cancer (PCa) prior to surgery are still lacking. We aimed to investigate the predictive value of peripheral monocyte count (PMC) for LNM of PCa in this study. Two hundred and ninety-eight patients from three centers were divided into a training set (n = 125) and a validation set (n = 173). In the training set, the independent predictors of LNM were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and the optimal cutoff value was calculated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The sensitivity and specificity of the optimal cutoff were authenticated in the validation cohort. Finally, a nomogram based on the PMC was constructed for predicting LNM. Multivariate analyses of the training cohort demonstrated that clinical T stage, preoperative Gleason score, and PMC were independent risk factors for LNM. The subsequent ROC analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value of PMC for diagnosing LNM was 0.405 × 109 l

Aim To investigate the effect of digoxin combined with tamoxifen on proliferation, migration, invasion of breast cancer MCF-7 cells and the possible underlying mechanism. Methods MTT, colony formation and flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of the combination therapy of tamoxifen and digoxin on proliferation and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to detect the effect of the combination therapy of tamoxifen and digoxin on migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells. Western blot was used to detect the effect of the combination therapy of tamoxifen and digoxin on the expression of related proteins in MCF-7 cells. Results MTT, colony formation assay and flow cytometry results showed that digoxin and tamoxifen synergistically inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. Wound healing and transwell assay results showed that digoxin and tamoxifen synergistically inhibited the migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells. Western blot results showed that digoxin and tamoxifen synergistically inhibited the expression of PI3K, p-PI3K, p-AKT, Bcl-2, N-cadherin, Vimentin and promoted the expression of Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-9, E-cadherin of MCF-7 cells. Conclusions Digoxin combined with tamoxifen can synergistically inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and induce apoptosis of MCF-7 cells, the possible mechanism of which may involve the suppression of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchy-mal transition (EMT).

Background:Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) offers a new approach for adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).The study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tACS treating MDD.Methods:This is an 8-week,double-blind,randomized,placebo-controlled study.Ninety-two drug-naive patients with MDD aged 18 to 65 years will receive 20 daily 40-min,77.5-Hz,15-mA sessions of active or sham tACS targeting the forehead and both mastoid areas on weekdays for 4 consecutive weeks (week 4),following a 4-week observation period (week 8).The primary outcome is the remission rate defined as the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS-17) score ≤7 at week 8.Secondary outcomes are the rates of response at weeks 4 and 8 and rate of remission at week 4 based on HDRS-17,the proportion of participants having improvement in the clinical global impression-improvement,the change in HDRS-17 score (range,0-52,with higher scores indicating more depression) over the study,and variations of brain imaging and neurocognition from baseline to week 4.Safety will be assessed by vital signs at weeks 4 and 8,and adverse events will be collected during the entire study.Discussion:The tACS applied in this trial may have treatment effects on MDD with minimal side effects.