Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

AIM To analyze the dynamic change patterns of aflatoxin B1,aflatoxin B2,aflatoxin G1,aflatoxin G2,T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol contents during the fermentation of Massa Medicata Fermentata.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 40 ℃ thermostatic Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.01％formic acid-[acetonitrile-methanol(1∶1)]flowing at 0.3 mL/min,and electron spray ionization source was adopted in positive ion scanning with multiple reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Six mycotoxins showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2＞0.998 0),whose average recoveries were 76.1％-119.3％with the RSDs of 0.49％-9.27％,and except for deoxynivalenol,their contents demonstrated the trends of growing out of nothing and gradually increasing.CONCLUSION The risk of mycotoxin infection exists in the fermentation of Massa Medicata Fermentata.This simple,efficient,rapid and sensitive method can provide a reference for whole-process monitoring the fermentation process for Massa Medicata Fermentata.

Objective:To explore the effect of horizontal Baduanjin guided by interactive standard reaching theory(ISRT)on cardiac function and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods:This random-ized controlled study enrolled 114 patients diagnosed with CHF in Bozhou People's Hospital between September 2024 and February 2025.Patients were randomly divided into control group(n=57,routine nursing care)and interven-tion group(n=57,horizontal Baduanjin under the guidance of interactive standard theory).Both groups were con-tinuously treated for 3 months.Cardiac function indexes,N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proB-NP),self-care ability,quality of life and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)were com-pared between the two groups.Results:Compared to patients in the control group,those in the intervention had significant higher left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)[(56.34±0.86)％vs.(46.69±0.91)％],6min walking distance(6MWD)[(477.16±6.62)m vs.(451.39±4.17)m]and the proportion of New York Heart Association(NYHA)class Ⅱ(70.18％vs.35.09％),and significant lower NT-proBNP[(237.76±6.41)pg/ml vs.(377.46±6.85)pg/ml],scores of the European heart failure self-care behavior scale 9(EHFSCB-9)[(12.61±1.81)points vs.(25.51±1.71)points],the physical domain[(3.96±0.91)points vs.(11.05±0.79)points],emotional domain[(4.00±0.85)points vs.(11.95±0.81)points]and other domain[(4.05±0.83)points vs.(13.47±1.15)points]of MLHFQ(P＜0.001 all).Compared to those in the control group,patients in intervention group had significant lower incidence of MACE(7.02％vs.22.81％,P=0.035).Conclusion:Under the guidance of the interactive standard theory,the horizontal Baduanjin exercise may enhance the cardiac function,improve self-care ability and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure.

AIM To analyze the dynamic change patterns of aflatoxin B1,aflatoxin B2,aflatoxin G1,aflatoxin G2,T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol contents during the fermentation of Massa Medicata Fermentata.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 40 ℃ thermostatic Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.01％formic acid-[acetonitrile-methanol(1∶1)]flowing at 0.3 mL/min,and electron spray ionization source was adopted in positive ion scanning with multiple reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Six mycotoxins showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2＞0.998 0),whose average recoveries were 76.1％-119.3％with the RSDs of 0.49％-9.27％,and except for deoxynivalenol,their contents demonstrated the trends of growing out of nothing and gradually increasing.CONCLUSION The risk of mycotoxin infection exists in the fermentation of Massa Medicata Fermentata.This simple,efficient,rapid and sensitive method can provide a reference for whole-process monitoring the fermentation process for Massa Medicata Fermentata.

Objective:To explore the effect of horizontal Baduanjin guided by interactive standard reaching theory(ISRT)on cardiac function and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods:This random-ized controlled study enrolled 114 patients diagnosed with CHF in Bozhou People's Hospital between September 2024 and February 2025.Patients were randomly divided into control group(n=57,routine nursing care)and interven-tion group(n=57,horizontal Baduanjin under the guidance of interactive standard theory).Both groups were con-tinuously treated for 3 months.Cardiac function indexes,N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proB-NP),self-care ability,quality of life and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)were com-pared between the two groups.Results:Compared to patients in the control group,those in the intervention had significant higher left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)[(56.34±0.86)％vs.(46.69±0.91)％],6min walking distance(6MWD)[(477.16±6.62)m vs.(451.39±4.17)m]and the proportion of New York Heart Association(NYHA)class Ⅱ(70.18％vs.35.09％),and significant lower NT-proBNP[(237.76±6.41)pg/ml vs.(377.46±6.85)pg/ml],scores of the European heart failure self-care behavior scale 9(EHFSCB-9)[(12.61±1.81)points vs.(25.51±1.71)points],the physical domain[(3.96±0.91)points vs.(11.05±0.79)points],emotional domain[(4.00±0.85)points vs.(11.95±0.81)points]and other domain[(4.05±0.83)points vs.(13.47±1.15)points]of MLHFQ(P＜0.001 all).Compared to those in the control group,patients in intervention group had significant lower incidence of MACE(7.02％vs.22.81％,P=0.035).Conclusion:Under the guidance of the interactive standard theory,the horizontal Baduanjin exercise may enhance the cardiac function,improve self-care ability and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by autoimmune component,ser-ving as a primary factor in cardiovascular diseases.The atherosclerotic plaques involve a variety of immune cells which mediated complex immune and inflammatory responses at each stage of the disease's progression.Notably,within atherosclerotic plaques,T-cells,as the predominant immune cells,can be differentiated into various subsets with distinct functions.These T-cell subsets modulate the progression of atherosclerosis by se-creting either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines.Understanding the impact of these immune cells on the disease's development is imperative for formulating novel therapeutic strategies.This article aims to review the roles of T-cell subsets and their secreted cytokines in atherosclerosis,aiming to offer new in-sights for the scientific research and clinical management of this condition.

Objective To analyze the changes of B lymphocyte(B cells)subsets in peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)and to explore its clinical significance.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 37 treatment-na?ve CHB patients who were admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from July 2022 to October 2022,and peripheral blood samples collected from 18 healthy individuals who have received the hepatitis B vaccine as healthy controls(HC).The study subjects'clinical indexes such as age,HBV DNA viral load,HBsAg quantification,HBeAg semi quantification,ALT,AST,and AST/ALT ratio were collected.The change characteristics of the frequency,phenotypic and functional markers of peripheral blood B lymphocytes and their subsets were compared between CHB and HC.Using multi-color flow cytometry,and the correlation between them and clinical indexes was analyzed.Results Frequency analysis of each subset of B cells showed that compared with HC,the frequency of total B cells,transitional B cells and naive B cells was decreased(P<0.05),while the frequency of mature B cells,memory B cells,atypical memory B cells and activated memory B cells was increased in CHB patients(P<0.01).And there was no significant difference in the frequency of resting memory B cells between the two groups(P>0.05).The results of functional analysis showed that compared with HC,the expression levels of CD79b on total B cells,mature B cells,memory B cells,naive B cells,activated memory B cells,atypical memory B cells and resting memory B cells in CHB patients were increased(P<0.05).The expression level of programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)on atypical memory B cells in CHB patients was also higher than that in HC group(P<0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that the frequency of total B cells in CHB patients was slightly negatively correlated with age(r=-0.39,P<0.05),while the expression of programmed death-1(PD-1)on total B cells,mature B cells,transitional B cells,memory B cells and naive B cells were slightly positively correlated with age(r>0.36,P<0.05).Conclusions Chronic HBV infection leads to depletion of the frequency and function of a portion of B cells in the peripheral blood of CHB patients,and age is a potential risk factor for the decline in humoral immune function in CHB patients.