Background: and Purpose Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a severe complication associated with adverse functional outcomes and increased mortality rates. Currently, a reliable predictive model for sICH risk after EVT is lacking. Methods: This study used data from patients aged ≥20 years who underwent EVT for anterior circulation stroke from the nationwide Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREAT-AIS). A predictive model including factors associated with an increased risk of sICH after EVT was developed to differentiate between patients with and without sICH. This model was compared existing predictive models using nationwide registry data to evaluate its relative performance. Results: Of the 2,507 identified patients, 158 developed sICH after EVT. Factors such as diastolic blood pressure, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, platelet count, glucose level, collateral score, and successful reperfusion were associated with the risk of sICH after EVT. The TREAT-AIS score demonstrated acceptable predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.694), with higher scores being associated with an increased risk of sICH (odds ratio=2.01 per score increase, 95% confidence interval=1.64–2.45, P<0.001). The discriminatory capacity of the score was similar in patients with symptom onset beyond 6 hours (AUC=0.705). Compared to existing models, the TREAT-AIS score consistently exhibited superior predictive accuracy, although this difference was marginal. Conclusions The TREAT-AIS score outperformed existing models, and demonstrated an acceptable discriminatory capacity for distinguishing patients according to sICH risk levels. However, the differences between models were only marginal. Further research incorporating periprocedural and postprocedural factors is required to improve the predictive accuracy.

Background: and Purpose Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a severe complication associated with adverse functional outcomes and increased mortality rates. Currently, a reliable predictive model for sICH risk after EVT is lacking. Methods: This study used data from patients aged ≥20 years who underwent EVT for anterior circulation stroke from the nationwide Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREAT-AIS). A predictive model including factors associated with an increased risk of sICH after EVT was developed to differentiate between patients with and without sICH. This model was compared existing predictive models using nationwide registry data to evaluate its relative performance. Results: Of the 2,507 identified patients, 158 developed sICH after EVT. Factors such as diastolic blood pressure, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, platelet count, glucose level, collateral score, and successful reperfusion were associated with the risk of sICH after EVT. The TREAT-AIS score demonstrated acceptable predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.694), with higher scores being associated with an increased risk of sICH (odds ratio=2.01 per score increase, 95% confidence interval=1.64–2.45, P<0.001). The discriminatory capacity of the score was similar in patients with symptom onset beyond 6 hours (AUC=0.705). Compared to existing models, the TREAT-AIS score consistently exhibited superior predictive accuracy, although this difference was marginal. Conclusions The TREAT-AIS score outperformed existing models, and demonstrated an acceptable discriminatory capacity for distinguishing patients according to sICH risk levels. However, the differences between models were only marginal. Further research incorporating periprocedural and postprocedural factors is required to improve the predictive accuracy.

Background: and Purpose Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a severe complication associated with adverse functional outcomes and increased mortality rates. Currently, a reliable predictive model for sICH risk after EVT is lacking. Methods: This study used data from patients aged ≥20 years who underwent EVT for anterior circulation stroke from the nationwide Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREAT-AIS). A predictive model including factors associated with an increased risk of sICH after EVT was developed to differentiate between patients with and without sICH. This model was compared existing predictive models using nationwide registry data to evaluate its relative performance. Results: Of the 2,507 identified patients, 158 developed sICH after EVT. Factors such as diastolic blood pressure, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, platelet count, glucose level, collateral score, and successful reperfusion were associated with the risk of sICH after EVT. The TREAT-AIS score demonstrated acceptable predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.694), with higher scores being associated with an increased risk of sICH (odds ratio=2.01 per score increase, 95% confidence interval=1.64–2.45, P<0.001). The discriminatory capacity of the score was similar in patients with symptom onset beyond 6 hours (AUC=0.705). Compared to existing models, the TREAT-AIS score consistently exhibited superior predictive accuracy, although this difference was marginal. Conclusions The TREAT-AIS score outperformed existing models, and demonstrated an acceptable discriminatory capacity for distinguishing patients according to sICH risk levels. However, the differences between models were only marginal. Further research incorporating periprocedural and postprocedural factors is required to improve the predictive accuracy.

RNA modifications constitute a crucial class of post-transcriptional chemical alterations that profoundly influence RNA stability and translational efficiency, thereby shaping cellular protein expression profiles. These diverse chemical marks are ubiquitously involved in key biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metastatic potential, and they exert precise regulatory control over these functions. A major advance in the field is the recognition that RNA modifications do not act in isolation. Instead, they participate in complex, dynamic interactions—through synergistic enhancement, antagonism, competitive binding, and functional crosstalk—forming what is now termed the “RNA modification interactome” or “RNA modification interaction network.” The formation and functional operation of this interactome rely on a multilayered regulatory framework orchestrated by RNA-modifying enzymes—commonly referred to as “writers,” “erasers,” and “readers.” These enzymes exhibit hierarchical organization within signaling cascades, often functioning in upstream-downstream sequences and converging at critical regulatory nodes. Their integration is further mediated through shared regulatory elements or the assembly into multi-enzyme complexes. This intricate enzymatic network directly governs and shapes the interdependent relationships among various RNA modifications. This review systematically elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying both direct and indirect interactions between RNA modifications. Building upon this foundation, we introduce novel quantitative assessment frameworks and predictive disease models designed to leverage these interaction patterns. Importantly, studies across multiple disease contexts have identified core downstream signaling axes driven by specific constellations of interacting RNA modifications. These findings not only deepen our understanding of how RNA modification crosstalk contributes to disease initiation and progression, but also highlight its translational potential. This potential is exemplified by the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers based on interaction signatures and the development of therapeutic strategies targeting pathogenic modification networks. Together, these insights provide a conceptual framework for understanding the dynamic and multidimensional regulatory roles of RNA modifications in cellular systems. In conclusion, the emerging concept of RNA modification crosstalk reveals the extraordinary complexity of post-transcriptional regulation and opens new research avenues. It offers critical insights into the central question of how RNA-modifying enzymes achieve substrate specificity—determining which nucleotides within specific RNA transcripts are selectively modified during defined developmental or pathological stages. Decoding these specificity determinants, shaped in large part by the modification interactome, is essential for fully understanding the biological and pathological significance of the epitranscriptome.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild rodents in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, so as to provide insights into formulation of technical guidelines for monitoring of and the precise control strategy for S. japonicum infections in wild rodents during the elimination phase. Methods Two administrative villages where schistosomiasis was historically highly prevalent were selected each from Dongzhi County, Anhui Province, and Duchang County, Jiangxi Province as study villages. Wild rodents were captured from study villages with baited traps or cages at night in June and September, 2021. The number of rodents captured was recorded, and the rodent species was characterized based on morphologi-cal characteristics. Liver tissues were sampled from captured rodents for macroscopical observation of the presence of egg granu- lomas, and S. japonicum infection was detected simultaneously using liver tissue homogenate microscopy, examinations of mesenteric tissues for parasites, and modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique (Kato-Katz technique). A positive S. japonicum infection was defined as detection of S. japonicum eggs or adult worms by any of these methods. The rate of wild rodent capture and prevalence of S. japonicum infections in wild rodents were compared in different study villages and at different time periods, and the detection of S. japonicum infections in wild rodents was compared by different assays. Results The overall rate of wild ro- dent capture was 8.28% (237/2 861) in Dongzhi County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 9.24% (133/1 439) and 7.31% (104/1 422) in two study villages (χ² = 3.503, P = 0.061), and were 8.59% (121/1 409) and 7.99% (116/1 452) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.337, P = 0.561). The overall rate of wild rodent capture was 3.72% (77/2 072) in Duchang County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 6.91% (67/970) and 0.91% (10/1 102) in two study villages (χ² = 51.901, P < 0.001), and were 4.13% (39/945) and 3.37% (38/1 127) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.815, P = 0.365). Rattus norvegicus was the predominant rodent species captured in both counties, accounting for 70.04% (166/237) of all captured wild rodents in Dongzhi County and 88.31% (68/77) in Duchang County. No S. japonicum infection was detected in wild rodents captured in Duchang County. Nevertheless, the overall prevalence of S. japonicum infections was 51.05% (121/237) in wild rodents captured in Dongzhi County, with prevalence rates of 50.38% (67/133) and 51.92% (54/104) in two study villages (χ² = 0.098, P = 0.755), and 54.31% (63/116) and 47.93% (58/121) in September and June, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.964, P = 0.326). Of 237 wild rodents captured in Dongzhi County, there were 140 (59.07%) rodents with visible hepatic egg granulomas, 117 (49.47%) tested positive for S. japonicum eggs by liver tissue homogenate microscopy, 34 (14.35%) tested positive for S. japonicum eggs with Kato-Katz technique; however, no adult S. japonicum worms were detected in mesenteric tissues. In addition, hepatic egg granulomas were found in all wild rodents tested positive for S. japonicum eggs with liver tissue homogenate microscopy. Conclusions The rate of wild rodent capture and prevalence of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents vary greatly in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, and the prevalence of S. japonicum infection is slightly higher in wild rodents captured in autumn than in summer. Liver tissue is recommended as the preferred sample for surveillance of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents, and a combination of macroscopical observation of hepatic egg granulomas and liver tissue homogenate microscopy may be a standard method for surveillance of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents.

The assessment of adverse drug events is an important basis for clinical safety evaluation and post-marketing risk control of drugs,and its causality assessment is gaining increasing attention.The existing methods for assessing the causal relationship between drugs and the occurrence of adverse reactions can be broadly classified into three categories:global introspective methods,standardized methods,and probabilistic methods.At present,there is no systematic introduction of the operational details of the various methods in the domestic literature.This paper compares representative causality assessment methods in terms of definition and concept,methodological steps,industry evaluation and advantages and disadvantages,clarifies the basic process of determining the causality of adverse drug reactions,and discusses how to further improve the adverse drug reaction monitoring and evaluation system,with a view to providing a reference for drug development and pharmacovigilance work in China.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides in the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression.Methods An open,single-arm,multi-center design was adopted in our study.Adult patients with mild and moderate depression who had received acute treatment of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides were enrolled and continue to receive Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules for 24 weeks,the dose remained unchanged during continuation treatment.The remission rate,recurrence rate,recurrence time,and the change from baseline to endpoint of Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Clinical Global Impression-Severity(CGI-S)and Arizona Sexual Experience Scale(ASEX)were evaluated.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was reported.Results The scores of HAMD-17 at baseline and after treatment were 6.60±1.87 and 5.85±4.18,scores of HAMA were 6.36±3.02 and 4.93±3.09,scores of CGI-S were 1.49±0.56 and 1.29±0.81,scores of ASEX were 15.92±4.72 and 15.57±5.26,with significant difference(P＜0.05).After continuation treatment,the remission rate was 54.59％(202 cases/370 cases),and the recurrence rate was 6.49％(24 cases/370 cases),the recurrence time was(64.67±42.47)days.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 15.35％(64 cases/417 cases).Conclusion Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules can be effectively used for the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression,and are well tolerated and safe.

Objective To observe the effect of omeprazole enteric-coated capsules on clinical symptoms and serum inflammatory factor levels in children with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer.Methods Children with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer were divided into treatment group and control group by random number table method.The control group was given triple therapy of ranitidine hydrochloride tablets,amoxicillin and clarithromycin,while the treatment group was treated with omeprazole enteric-coated capsules combined with amoxicillin and clarithromycin.Clinical efficacy,symptom relief time,and changes in serum motilin(MOT),gastrin(GAS)and inflammatory factors[interlrukin-6(IL-6)and interlrukin-8(IL-8)]were compared between the two groups.Results There were 48 cases in treatment group and 48 cases in control group.After treatment,the total effective rates in treatment group and control group were 93.74％(45 cases/48 cases)and 85.42％(41 cases/48 cases),with significant difference(P＜0.05).After treatment,the disappearance time of ulcer induced pain in treatment group and control group were(1.51±0.26)and(2.08±0.42)d;the disappearance time of acid regurgitation were(2.29±0.40)and(2.93±0.33)d;the disappearance time of burning sensation were(2.37±0.21)and(2.85±0.54)d;the length of hospital stay were(6.21±1.07)and(6.94±1.25)d;serum MOT levels were(298.48±35.15)and(273.58±31.25)pg·mL-1;serum GAS levels were(167.28±19.46)and(128.32±18.61)ng·L-1;IL-6 levels were(58.67±5.39)and(76.14±6.63)mg·mL-1;IL-8 levels were(50.08±5.16)and(58.68±5.49)mg·mL-1.The above indexes were significantly different between control group and treatment group(all P＜0.05).The total incidence of adverse drug reactions in treatment group and control group were 8.33％and 12.50％,with no statistical significance(P＞0.05).Conclusion Omeprazole enteric-coated capsules in the treatment of children with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer can effectively alleviate various clinical symptoms and improve clinical efficacy.At the same time,it can lower serum levels of inflammatory factors and improve inflammation,with good effect.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of aripiprazole and risperidone in patients with schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the case data of schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome.According to different treatment methods,they were divided into risperidone group(oral risperidone,2 mg once,twice a day)and aripiprazole group(oral aripiprazole,5 mg once,once a day).All were treated for 24 weeks and given lifestyle intervention.The clinical effect,scores of positive and negative symptom scale(PANSS),metabolic syndrome-related indexes[systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),body mass index(BMI),fasting blood glucose(FPG),triglyceride(TG)],cognitive function[MATRICS consensus cognitive battery(MCCB)],levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),tyrosine kinase receptor B(TrkB)and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF)were compared between the two groups.The adverse drug reactions were statistically analyzed in two groups.Results There were 60 cases in risperidone group and 60 cases in aripiprazole group.The total response rates of aripiprazole group and risperidone group were 91.67％and 76.67％,with significant difference(P＜0.05).After treatment,scores of positive symptoms in PANSS in aripiprazole group and risperidone group were(10.04±1.55)and(11.52±1.62)points;negative symptom scores were(12.74±2.38)and(14.38±2.25)points;general psychopathology scores were(16.53±4.39)and(19.76±4.10)points;total scores of PANSS were(39.31±6.25)and(45.66±6.71)points;total scores of MCCB were(43.61±8.50)and(40.55±8.16)points;BMI were(24.05±2.52)and(25.73±2.86)kg·m-2;SBP were(123.61±7.64)and(128.75±8.59)mmHg;FPG were(5.69±0.60)and(6.38±0.62)mmol·L-1;TG levels were(1.76±0.20)and(2.01±0.22)mmol·L-1;levels of serum BDNF were(32.41±5.81)and(28.65±4.87)pg·mL-1;TrkB levels were(43.88±5.92)and(41.73±5.63)ng·mL-1;GDNF levels were(587.47±36.12)and(468.23±35.68)pg·mL-1,the differences between the two groups were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between aripiprazole group and risperidone group(15.00％vs.6.67％,P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared with risperidone,clinical effect of aripiprazole is better in patients with schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome,which has fewer effects on body weight,blood pressure and glycolipid metabolism,and it may improve cognitive function by increasing levels of serum BDNF,TrkB and GDNF.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of butyrolphthalein on nerve injury in rats with acute cerebral infarction(ACI)by regulating Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into model group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups;ACI models were established in vivo except sham operation group.The experimental-L,-M,-H groups were given 20,40,80 mg·kg-1 butylphthalide,qd,for 7 days;the sham operation group and the model group were given the same amount of 0.9％NaCl,for 7 days.Neural function score,bilateral sticker removal time,balance beam crossing score,cerebral water content and cerebral infarction volume of rats in each group were measured.The expression of axonal growth inhibitory factor A(Nogo-A)and serum inflammatory factor in hippocampus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway related proteins was detected by Western blot.Results The neural function scores of sham operation group,model group,and experimental-L,-M,-H groups were 0,3.55±0.52,2.55±0.52,1.82±0.60,0.91±0.30,respectively;the Nogo-A in hippocampus were(0.93±0.23),(6.32±0.53),(5.10±0.55),(3.54±0.57),(1.58±0.30)ng·L-1,respectively;serum Nogo-A were(0.49±0.12),(5.09±0.82),(3.83±0.54),(2.23±0.64),(1.13±0.25)ng·L-1,respectively;TLR4 protein expression were 0.44±0.05,1.23±0.14,0.93±0.07,0.75±0.06,0.55±0.07,respectively;the expressions of p-p65 NF-κB protein were 0.32±0.05,0.82±0.06,0.68±0.08,0.57±0.07,0.44±0.05,respectively.There were statistically significant differences between sham operation group and model group(all P＜0.05).There were significant differences in the above indexes between the model group and the experimental-L,-M,-H groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Butylphthalein can play a neuroprotective role in ACI rats by regulating TLR4/NF-κB pathway to improve nerve function and reduce inflammatory damage.